• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.2042-2059
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• 2019

Digital shadow puppet has traditionally relied on expensive motion capture equipments and complex design. In this paper, a low-cost driven technique is presented, that captures human pose estimation data with simple camera from real scenarios, and use them to drive virtual Chinese shadow play in a 2.5D scene. We propose a special method for extracting human pose data for driving virtual Chinese shadow play, which is called 2.5D human pose estimation. Firstly, we use the 3D human pose estimation method to obtain the initial data. In the process of the following transformation, we treat the depth feature as an implicit feature, and map body joints to the range of constraints. We call the obtain pose data as 2.5D pose data. However, the 2.5D pose data can not better control the shadow puppet directly, due to the difference in motion pattern and composition structure between real pose and shadow puppet. To this end, the 2.5D pose data transformation is carried out in the implicit pose mapping space based on self-network and the final 2.5D pose expression data is produced for animating shadow puppets. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our new method.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.12
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• pp.443-448
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• 2014

This paper is a study related to fault tolerant design based on PSTR using virtualization techniques. If the fault tolerant PSTR based on virtualization techniques is implemented the communication performance between primary and shadow will improves and monitoring function is easy to available about activities of primary and shadow. The legacy PSTR model is implemented in its hardware. The primary play a main role and shadow play a switched action when the errors occurrs in the primary. The switched action of shadow make it possible to restart the primary function newly. This paper implements fault tolerant primary-shadow model using virtualization techniques on the embedded environment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between unemployment and shadow economy for 7 selected ASEAN countries using panel data from 2000-2017. This study uses a sample of 7 ASEAN countries including Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam covering the 2000-2017 period. The stationarity of the variables is determined by Pesaran panel unit-root tests. The Westerlund panel co-integration technique is used to examine the long-run relationship among the variables. In addition, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) methods are also employed. The DOLS and FMOLS results indicate that unemployment acts as an important driver for the increase in the shadow economy. In addition, the study results also reveal that GDP per capita has a negative impact on the shadow economy. Moreover, government expenditure, bank credit, and inflation are positively related to the shadow economy. The empirical results indicate that the size of the shadow economy is boosted by unemployment in the selected ASEAN economies. In addition, it is also evident that an increase of GDP per capita in the sample countries results in a lower shadow economy. Besides, government expenditure, bank credit, and inflation play a crucial role in the shadow economy.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2023

Chinese shadow puppetry is an ancient form of drama with a long history. Known as the "mother of Chinese folk opera", it has rich cultural connotations and artistic value. At the same time, as a classic video game genre, side-scrolling games have many loyal fans around the world. However, in recent years, some previous entertainment cultures such as shadow puppetry are slowly disappearing. In contrast, video games play an increasingly important role in people's entertainment. Combining Chinese traditional culture with video games can be a great way to promote the preservation of these cultures. By making traditional culture more accessible and engaging, developers can help to ensure that these cultures continue to be enjoyed by future generations.The side-scrolling game is a classic game type, and it has many similarities with shadow puppetry. This paper will analyze the similarities and differences between Chinese shadow puppetry and horizontal version games, and try to explore how to organically integrate the two, so as to promote the inheritance and development of traditional culture, and promote cultural innovation and the development of creative industries.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

In computer graphics, shadows play a very important role as a hint of inter-object distance as well as themselves in terms of realism. To represent shadows, some traditional methods such as shadow mapping and shadow volume have been frequently used for the purpose. However, the rendering results are not natural since they assume the point light. On the contrary, an area light can render soft-shadows, but its computation is too burdensome due to integral over the whole light source surface. Many alternatives have been introduced, back-projection of occluder onto the light source to get visibility of light or filtering of shadow boundary by calculating size of penumbra. But they also have problems of light bleeding or ringing effects because of low order approximation, or low performance. In this paper, we describe a method to improve those problems using shadow atlas.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.35
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• pp.236-282
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• 2002

Among elements of play, there are puppets performances and shadows performance which are replacing actors by puppets and shadows. Puppet performance is characteristic of expressing various movements and symbols at its conveniences by the reduced models of human form with various materials. Shadow performance is realized in various colors that cannot be discovered in other countries by expressing mysterious cubic effect in reflecting the light against various forms. Mansukjung Nolum is a unique shadow performance that has been inherited in Korea. There are found many shadow performances inherited in the northern Europe and South-eastern Asia. Recently the silhouette animation in application of shadow performance is made. In the northern Europe and South-eastern Asia, they performed in white and black color while Mansukjung Nolum is performed in natural colors. Since they adopted the leather materials for making puppets, their opaque feature cannot reflect the colored light. But in Korea we adopted the specially colored semi-transparent Korean paper, which gives the colored shadows to spectators. Mansukjung Nolum consists of three acts for arousing attention of fallen monks destroying the teaching of Buddha. Seosanbakchumji Nolum is a puppet performance inherited in a village in Seosan, Choongnam instead of wandering artists. The story and form of performance in Namsadangpae's puppet play is mostly similar to it, but it is woven by its villages natural environment and specific dialects, reflecting their consciousness in mind. The villagers made the puppets and manipulate them in communicating their wisdom of life between them. Parkchumji Nolum is a kind of integral art combining puppet manipulation, witticism, songs and dances. The hero of Parkchumji discloses the social and structural conflicts of feudalism, in arousing the spectators' rich attention of self-awareness and lessons.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.49
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• pp.651-676
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• 2017

Shadow images are a representative medium and means of expression for the imagination that exists between consciousness and unconsciousness for thousands of years. Wherever light exists, people create play with their own shadows without special skills, and have made a fantasy at once. Shadow images have long been used as subjects and materials of literacy, art, philosophy, and popular culture. Especially in the field of art, people have been experimenting with visual stimulation through the uniqueness of simple silhouettes images. In the field of animation, it became to be recognized as a form of non - mainstream areas that are difficult to make. However, shadow images have been used more actively in the field of digital arts and media art. In this Environment with technologies, Various formative imaginations are being expressed more with shadow images in a new dimension. This study is to introduce and analyze these trends, the aesthetic transformations and extended methods focusing on digital silhouette animation and recent media art works using shadow images. Screen-based silhouette animation combines digital technology and new approaches that have escaped conventional methods have removed most of the elements that have been considered limitations, and these factors have become a matter of choice for the directors. Especially, in the display environment using various light sources, projection, and camera technology, shadow images were expressed with multiple-layered virtual spaces, and it becomes possible to imagine a new extended imagination. Through the computer vision, it became possible to find new gaze and spatial images and use it more flexibly. These changes have given new possibility to the use shadow images in a different way.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2013

Confidentiality has always been considered one of the most important aspects of arbitral proceedings and until recently a principle that could never be ignored. However, under the shadow of the increasing number of arbitral cases in which States are involved, there has recently been a tendency towards publicity, not only in investment protection arbitrations but also in commercial arbitrations. That said, many questions arise: in the event of a conflict between confidentiality and publicity, which should prevail? What role does the arbitrator play in this conflict? Does confidentiality provide more benefits than harm.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

As the need for more variety of interactive media grows, alternative interaction methods beyond conventional ones such as mice and keyboards are vigorously explored recently. In particular, these new approaches are getting attentions because they can enhance the user experiences in the interaction. Howerver, since they are case-dependent and specific, it still becomes crucial to consider and evaluate the effects and possibilities of interactions. The study aims to explore the ways to design the interactions by applying Behavioral Prototyping Methods in the initial stage of design development, which it calls 'Interactive Prototyping Method'. With the case project, 'Shadow Theater', which is an interactive installation for children, children can play and participate in interactive story-making by wearing hand puppets, casting shadows of hand puppets, and interacting with virtual objects on screen. To explore and design the interactions of Shadow Theater at the initial design process, the study builds an interactive prototype which borrows puppet theater settings and lets children play with hand puppets and other objects. The session of user try-outs with the prototype help to understand what and how they interact with virtual objects, and to improve the interactions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.383-384
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• 2015

경제의 발전과 함께 서적의 장정 디자인 면에서도 더욱더 많은 민족적 요소들이 도입되고 있다. 특히 팝업 북 서적의 장정 디자인일 경우에는 그림자극의 조형 요소를 많이 차용하고 있다. 그림자극의 조형 요소들은 색채, 이미지, 조각 등의 측면에서 광범위하게 사용될 수 있다. 본고는 팝업 북 서적 장정 요소들의 창의적 사용을 연구하고 팝업 북 서적 장정에서의 그림자극 예술조형의 응용 과정을 분석하고 문헌조사를 통하여 분석과 연구를 진행하고자 한다. 팝업 북 서적은 이런 방식을 통해 책의 내용을 더욱 실감나게 전달하며 독자를 감동시킬 수 있고 또 주제를 간략하게 요약하여 독창적인 디자인을 보여줄 수 있다. 본고는 민족적 특색이 짙은 그림자극 예술요소의 사용 현황과 향후 발전 가능성을 모색해보고자 한다.