• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2011

Flavonoid are large group of the polyphenolic compounds which are distinguished by an aromatic or phenolic ring structure and the phenolic compounds are induced by microbial infection, ultraviolet radiation, temperature and chemical stress. They are known for their antioxidant activity, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. In this study, changes in flavonoid content were investigated using heterologous chalcone isomerase (CHI) expression system. Also, phenolic compounds level was measured to examine the relation between flavonoids and phenols contents. Explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 strain containing pFLH-CHI (derived from pPZP2Ha3) vector constructed with CHI gene from Brassica rapa. The putative transgenic plants were confirmed by genomic DNA PCR analysis. Also the transcription levels of the gene were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR with gene specific primers. The total flavonoid contents were increased at $T_0$ and $T_1$ generations over 1.4 and 4.0 fold, respectively. Total phenol contents also increased at $T_1$ generation. These results indicate that CHI gene plays an important role to regulate the accumulation of flavonoids and its component changes.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.186-196
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• 1997

The IR crystallinity index of Calcium nitrate treated silk fiber decreased proportionally to the concentration of calcium nitrate. A partial change of conformation was observed in the concentration of over 46.4-47.6% changing from $\beta$-sheet or to random coil in the crystalline region. This is in coincidence with the result of crystallinity index, which was started to be reduced in the concentration range of 46.4-47.6%. A same trend was observed for the X-ray order factor, birefringence, degree of orientation and surface structure. These structural parameters were remarkably changed on the treatment of silk fibers with concentration of 46.4-17, 6% calcium nitrate. Therefore, it seems that there exists a critical concentration of calcium nitrate in affection the structure and morphology of silk fibers. According to the examination of surface morphology, the fine stripe was observed in the direction of fiber axis at 46.4% concentration. However, the treated concentration was exceeded by 47.6%, the cracks were appeared severely on the fiber surface in the transverse direction as well as fiber axis direction. This result might be related to the tensile properties, specially a tenacity of silk fibers. As a result of quantitative analysis of a dilute acid hydrolysis, three different regions, which are known as a amorphous, semi-crystalline and crystalline region, could be obtained. The hydrolysis rate curves were different with various concentrations of treatment and the relative contents of each region could be calculated.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.725-732
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• 2011

Purpose: Skin grafting is one of the most commonly used methods in reconstructive plastic surgery field, but complications such as color change, contracture or hypertrophy are common problems. However, pathophysiology of the color change after skin graft is not yet determined and no animal model is established. Methods: Full thickness skin grafts were performed on the dorsum of C57BL/6 mice. Serial chronological gross inspection for color change and pigmentation were examined. Melanin pigments were traced by Fontana-Masson staining and semi-quantitative analysis was performed. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of S-100, Micropthalmia related Transcription Factor (MITF) and Melan-A antibodies were also performed to observe melanocytes and their changes. Results: After skin graft, color change and pigment spots were observed in the graft. Fontana-Masson staining showed melanin pigments in the epidermal and dermal layers in all mice. Immunohistochemistry staining to S-100, MITF, Melan-A antibodies showed melanocytes at the basal layer of epidermis and dermis. Conclusion: In conclusion, we have established an animal model for skin pigmentation after skin graft. We believe this study may be useful in understanding of the behavior of melanocytes after skin graft.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the folate nutritional status of Korean pregnant women and to investigate the relation between folate levels of maternal-umbilical cord blood, placenta tissue, and pregnancy outcomes. The study subjects consisted of 25 pregnant women who have had normal term deliveries. Dietary folate intakes of the pregnants were estimated by semi quantitative frequency questionnaire and the serum and placenta tissue folate level was measured by microbiological analysis. The total folate intakes of the pregnant women was 655.6 ${\mu}$g/d, which was 131.1% of the Korean RDA for pregnants. Maternal serum folate level was 16.18ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that of umbilical cord blood (34.98ng/ml, p<0.05). Mean folate concentration of the placental tissue was 998.0ng/ml, which was the highest compared to maternal and umbilical cord serum level. Umbilical cord serum folate level and placental tissue folate level were highly influenced by maternal serum folate level. The umbilical cord folate levels of the infant group whose birth weight was higher than 3500g were significantly higher than the group whose birth weight was less than 3500g (p<0.05). The placental folate level was significantly higher in maternal group who showed desirable weight gain during pregnancy (11 - 14kg). In conclusion, the birth weigt was related to the umbilical cord folate level and the maternal weight gain was affected by the placental folate level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

Objective: Adipose tissue plays a key role in the development of obesity and diabetes. We previously reported that lignosulfonic acid suppresses the rise in blood glucose levels through the inhibition of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity and intestinal glucose absorption. The purpose of this study is to examine further biological activities of lignosulfonic acid. Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of lignosulfonic acid on differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Results: While lignosulfonic acid inhibited proliferation (mitotic clonal expansion) after induction of differentiation, lignosulfonic acid significantly increased the size of accumulated lipid droplets in the cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that lignosulfonic acid increased the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), leading to increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut-4) expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, feeding lignosulfonic acid to diabetic KK-Ay mice suppressed increase of blood glucose level. Conclusion: Lignosulfonic acid may be useful as a functional anti-diabetic component of food.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the specific expression genes in the cloned bovine tissues. Donor cells, cloned tissues were analysed by RAPD-RFLP method. The results were detected three genes (CH-U7B, CH-U7M and CH-U7P) in the cloned fetus. It was found a single copy genes by southern hybridization. Sequence analysis of CH-U7M gene was shown 99% homology to a previously reported EST from a cloned bovine fetus. The putative ORF was encode a protein of hydrophobicity index 0.03. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR by using the CH-LS001 specific primer was remarkably detected in the lung tissue of cloned fetus. Further investigation of these genes may provide one of the key information to explain the early death, abnormal fetus, large off-spring and the low pregnancy rate in the production of cloned bovine.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2007

환경오염을 신속하게 모니터링하기 위한 생물지표의 개발은 증가하고 있는 오염의 심각성에 비추어 매우 중요한 과제로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 독성물질처리에 의하여 선택적으로 발현이 조절되는 단백질의 동정을 통하여 독성물질에 대한 단백질 생물지표를 발굴하고자 시도하였다. 즉, 송사리(Oryzias latipes)를 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논(diazinon)에 0, 0.1, 1, 5 mg/L 농도로 24시간 노출시킨 후, 머리와 몸통부분으로 나누어 단백질 발현패턴을 분석하였다. 본 시스템에서 다이아지논 처리에 의하여 유의적으로 발현이 증가된 단백질로서 alpha-tubulin, ribonuclease pancreatic precursor, protein hfq 등을 동정하였으며, 이 가운데 alpha-tubulin과 $hsp90{\beta}$의 발현이 다이아지논 농도에 의존적으로 증가하는 것을 semi-quantitative RT-PCR방법으로 확인하였다. 이와 같이 다이아지논 처리에 특이적으로 발현이 증가된 송사리 단백질들은 노출평가를 위한 생물지표로서 개발에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 평가된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2014

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the world. Evidence indicates that the suppression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) contributes to the accumulation of toxic proteins and inflammation in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the functional abnormalities and/or the degeneration of which are believed to be the initiators and major pathologies of AMD. To identify new protein associations with the altered UPS in AMD, we used LC-ESI-MS/MS to perform a proteomic analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) of AMD patients and matched control subjects. Six UPS-related proteins were present in the AH of the patients and control subjects. Four of the proteins, including 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 (Rpn2), were increased in patients, according to semi-quantitative proteomic profiling. An LC-MRM assay revealed a significant increase of Rpn2 in 15 AMD patients compared to the control subjects, suggesting that this protein could be a biomarker for AMD.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2007

Transcriptional modulation of metallothionein (MT) during acute metal exposures (cadmium, copper or zinc) was examined in fry of Hemibarbus mylodon, a threatened fish species in Korean peninsula. Viability of H. mylodon fry was most affected by copper exposure (up to 79% of mortality at 1 ppm for 48 hours) and considerably by cadmium exposure (21 to 54% of mortality). On the other hand, Zn showed the least adverse effect on the viability (0 to 13% of mortality) of this species. Based on the semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, the stimulation of MT mRNA in response to metal exposures followed generally in a dose-dependent fashion where cadmium was the most potent inducer for the induction of MT transcripts in fry (up to more than 5-fold) while the lowest response was observed in zinc-exposed group (2-fold at maximum). From the exposure using environmentally realistic doses of cadmium (0 to 0.05 ppm for 24 hours), MT expression at mRNA level was also sensitively modulated toward upregulation up to more than 3-fold as relative to non-exposed control. Results from the present study would be a good basis for understanding the adaptive capacity and stress physiology of this endangered fish species during metal pollution.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.103-103
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• 2017

Vigorous root growth at the seedling stage in dry direct-seeded conditions is considered as a critical trait because it is involved in seedling emergence, early vegetative vigour, nutrient uptake as well as drought tolerance. In this study, we performed QTL mapping using the recombinant inbred lines obtained from the cross between Tongil-type Dasan and temperate japonica TR22183 (DT-RILs) to identify QTL underlying early root development. TR22183, which was previously reported to have high nitrogen utility and cold tolerance, showed vigorous root growth at the seedling stage in semi-drought conditions. Root length, fresh weight and dry weight of TR22183 were significantly higher than in Dasan. By QTL analysis with genotyping-by-sequencing method, we identified two QTLs for root fresh weight (RFW) in chromosome 7 and root dry weight (RDW) in chromosome 8, explaining phenotypic variances of 13.5% and 10.6%, respectively. These QTLs would be used to develop rice varieties adapted to direct-seeded cultivating system.