• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1420-1424
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• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1658-1660
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• 2009

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.120-122
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• 2001

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.765-768
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• 2001

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2000

A selective agar medium was developed and tested for the isolation of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae, the causal bacterial pathogen of bacterial brown stripe, from rice seeds. The new selective agar medium, designated sorbitol pyroglutamic acid agar (SPA) medium, contained 0.5 g of $K_2$HPO$_4$, 3.0 g of Na$_2$HPO$_4$, 2.0 g of D-sorbitol, 0.2 g of L-pyroglutamic acid, 10.0 $m\ell$ of tween 80, 40.0 mg of victoria blue B, 15.0 g of agar, 150.0 mg of ampicillin and 25.0 mg of vancomycin per litter. Colonies of A. avenae subsp. avenae on SPA medium were smooth, round, convex, shiny, blue and 1.5-2.0 mm in diameter 4 days after incubation at 28$^{\circ}C$. Blue colored colony having dark blue zone was typical type of A. avenae subsp. avenae colonies on the medium. Mean recovery of 8 isolates of A. avenae subsp. avenae on the selective SPA medium was 95.8% in comparison to that on KB medium. The saprophytic bacteria were reduced to 97.9% on SPA medium compared to those on KB medium. Most of other rice seedborne bacteria as well as reported pathogenic bacteria were failed to grow on SPA medium. This medium was highly selective for recovering A. avenae subsp. avenae from rice seed samples, and it could be used to enhance the recovery of this bacterium from rice seed samples, which may be contaminated with large numbers of competing microorganisms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.31 no.6 s.119
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• pp.463-473
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• 2006

Automated sensing of soil macronutrients would allow more efficient mapping of soil nutrient spatial variability for variable-rate nutrient management. The capabilities of ion-selective electrodes for sensing macronutrients in soil extracts can be affected by the presence of other ions in the soil itself as well as by high concentrations of ions in soil extractants. Adoption of automated, on-the-go sensing of soil nutrients would be enhanced if a single extracting solution could be used for the concurrent extraction of multiple soil macronutrients. This paper reports on the ability of the Kelowna extractant to extract macronutrients (N, P, and K) from US Corn Belt soils and whether previously developed PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes could determine the nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil extracts obtained using the Kelowna extractant. The extraction efficiencies of nitrate-N and phosphorus obtained with the Kelowna solution for seven US Corn Belt soils were comparable to those obtained with IM KCI and Mehlich III solutions when measured with automated ion and ICP analyzers, respectively. However, the potassium levels extracted with the Kelowna extractant were, on average, 42% less than those obtained with the Mehlich III solution. Nevertheless, it was expected that Kelowna could extract proportional amounts of potassium ion due to a strong linear relationship ($r^2$ = 0.96). Use of the PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes proved to be feasible in measuring nitrate-N and potassium ions in Kelowna - soil extracts with almost 1 : 1 relationships and high coefficients of determination ($r^2$ > 0.9) between the levels of nitrate-N and potassium obtained with the ion-selective electrodes and standard analytical instruments.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

Objective : The Bertrand's method of selective peripheral denervation for spasmodic torticollis has already been established as being an effective and safe method. However, such effectiveness has not yet been established in Korea. The authors have performed several cases of selective denervation for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis and we hereby describe the details of the operative method to determine the effectiveness of the method. Methods : Ten patients who had the selective denervation for the spasmodic torticollis from October 1997 to December 2003, were analyzed. There were 4 rotational and 6 combined types [3 rotational plus retrocollis, 3 rotational plus laterocollis]. We performed preoperative electromyograms and neck muscle tonograms in all cases. The technique was used to involve denervation of the ipsilateral posterior paraspinal muscles. Denervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was performed on the contralateral side for rotational torticollis and on the ipsilateral side for laterocollis combined type. The surgery was followed by a rigorous physical therapy program. Results : The surgical results were divided into 4 groups labeled excellent, good, fair, and poor. There were 5 excellent patients who showed no detectable abnormal movements, 4 good patients who showed slight residual deviations or slight residual abnormal movements, and 1 fair patient with appreciable residual abnormal movements. Postoperative pain was well tolerated. There was no significant surgical complications. Conclusion : The study confirms that selective peripheral denervation for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis is a very useful and safe surgical technique.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.5
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• pp.647-656
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• 2001

Video delivery from a server to a client across a network system is an important part of many multimedia applications. Usually, the network system has constraint in both the amount of network bandwidth and the buffer size in the client. While delivering a video stream across such a constrained network system, loss of frames may be unavoidable. The system resources consumed by the dropped frames are wasted, and the losses of frames would result in discontinuous display at the client. In this paper, for delivering hierarchically encoded video stream, we introduce the notion of selective layer discard algorithm at the server which not only preemptively discards data at the server but also drops less important part of a frame instead of the entire frame. By the simulation, we compare the proposed selective layer discard algorithm and the existing selective frame discard algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm may improve the quality of decoded video, and decrease the replay discontinuity at the client.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2007

Objective : Cerebral palsy may induce harmful spastic hip adduction. We report the result of microsurgical selective obturator neurotomy, performed on 12 spastic hip adductions of 6 patients, followed clinically for at least 26 months postoperatively. Methods : Microsurgical selective obturator neurotomies, involving microsurgical resection of the anterior obturator nerve branches were performed on 6 patients from January 2000 through June 2003. All patients presented with the inability to sit and 2 patients complained of persistent, intractable pain. We used intraoperative bipolar stimulation to identify selected motor branches. Results : The procedure was performed bilaterally in all patients. In the 3 patients in whom contractures were present, microsurgical selective obturator neurotomies were accompanied by an additional tenotomy of the adductor muscles. Selective tibial neurotomy was performed on three of six patients who originally presented with a spastic ankle. Postoperatively, all spastic hip adductions were corrected more than 60 degrees in passive abduction-adduction amplitude. However, one patient who did not receive active postoperative physiotherapy demonstrated a decreased passive abduction-adduction amplitude upon follow-up. There were no surgical complications. Conclusion : We think microsurgical selective obturator neurotomy may be an effective procedure in the treatment of localized, harmful spastic hip adduction after failure of well conducted conservative treatment. As muscular contractions are often associated with spasticity of the hip adductors, an adjunctive tenotomy may be an option. Comprehensive postoperative physiotherapy is essential to improve long-term results.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2016

Laser-doped selective emitter process requires dopant source deposition, spin-on-glass, and is able to form selective emitter through SiNx layer by laser irradiation on desired locations. However, after laser doping process, the remaining dopant layer needs to be washed out. Laser-induced melting of pre-deposited impurity doping is a precise selective doping method minimizing addition of process steps. In this study, we introduce a novel scheme for fabricating highly efficient selective emitter solar cell by laser doping. During this process, laser induced damage induces front contact destabilization due to the hindrance of silver nucleation even though laser doping has a potential of commercialization with simple process concept. When the laser induced damage is effectively removed using solution etch back process, the disadvantage of laser doping was effectively removed. The devices fabricated using laser doping scheme power conversion efficiency was significantly improved about 1% abs. after removal the laser damages.