• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.37-41
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• 1982

In order to determine the optimal condition for making Yugwa (one of the Korean traditional cake) the textures in various conditions were studied by sensory test and texturometer. The changes of texture and fat content in the cake were measured along the period of storage. The results were as follows: (1) The cake were classified in 3 groups according to the leavening agent used in the procedure, namely refined rice wine (W), distilled liquor (L) and yeast group (Y). It was the refined rice wine group that had been 'the best' by sensory test. Its brittleness $(1.40{\pm}0.27)$ was higher than those of L and Y. (2) Crispness measured by bend test prior to soaking into syrup were 1.19, 1.23 and 1.63 in W, L, Y, respectively. (3) Chemical composition (%dry basis)) of Yugwa leavened with W included 9.3 of moisture, 1.3 crude protein, 6.7 crude lipid, 66.4 carbohydrate and 16.3 crude ash. (4) Brittleness decreased gradually along the period of storage while the rancidity increased. From the 40th days of storage, the change of brittleness and rancidity were marked as well as the scores of sensory test decreased significantly. (5) Content of linoleic acid in Yugwa decreased along the period of storage from 52.5% of total fatty acid on the first day to 10.9% on the 50th days Main fatty acids in Yugwa were oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, all of which were also decreased in content along the period of storage. One remarkable change was the appearance of an unknown fatty acid with 19.54 of retention time, in 50% of total fatty acid, on the 50th day of storage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.1759-1762
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• 2015

시판 막걸리에서 분리한 균주(Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei M13-65-3)로 타락을 제조하였다. M13-65-3균주를 이용하여 제조한 타락 추출물에 의하여 T lymphocyte인 Jurkat 세포의 증식이 촉진되었고 피부세포의 멜라닌 생성이 억제되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 타락이 면역 증강 기능성과 피부색소 조절 기능성을 보유할 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.529-543
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to perform a descriptive analysis to characterize and compare the sensory properties of commercial Makgeolli products as well as a cross-cultural comparison of the sensory descriptions of these products between two sensory panels (Korean and Japanese). The samples used in this study were seven different types of Makgeolli, which were commercial products. A total of 10 Korean and 7 Japanese panelists were selected in Korea. Each group was trained, and they identified product attributes and performed descriptive analyses independently. The Korean and Japanese panelists generated 34 and 28 sensory attributes, respectively, to describe appearance, odor/aroma, taste/flavor, texture, and after flavor of the products. There were significant differences among the samples for 24 attributes by Korean and 23 attributes by Japanese panelists. Although there was not a large difference in the number of descriptors between Korean and Japanese panels, the Korean panelists generated more various attributes associated with flavor than the Japanese panelists, and the attributes of Japanese panelists included references to non-food products such as rotten grass. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) was applied to the descriptive analysis data from the Korean and Japanese panels to delineate the associations between Makgeolli samples and their sensory characteristics. Both the Korean and Japanese panels clustered the JRM, JSM, KRM and KSM samples into one group and the CRM and BSM samples into another group. The ESM sample was distinguished from the other six samples. These results of the cross-cultural comparison suggest that comparative analyses of sensory profiles between cultures should be conducted regularly in future studies, and further research such as consumer acceptance tests should be conducted to determine the sensory characteristics that drive consumer acceptance of Makgeolli products in the context of increasing food product exports to other countries.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 1991

The Hong's-Zu-Bang-Moon, although it is not know when and by whom it was written, is estimated to have written in the middle of 1800, but has not been published yet. In general, other cooking books in Yi's Dynasty were on the cooking methods of a variety of foods. But the book deals solely with brewing, which is the trait of it. The book comprises a total of 36 items, among which So-Gog-Ju wine was excluded because only a part of it was recorded. Another item deleted, written vaguely and difficult to understand was, on a closer analysis of its content, 'Song-Soon-Ju wine'. According to the analysis of this book, the cereals used for brewing were 59 percent of regular rice and 41 percent of sticky rice including other 12 kinds of special materials. As for the processes, the precesses using Jee-Ae-Bop was dominant. The processing technique whose special words and expressions were analyzed in this study, were divided into 18 preparation methods, 45 processing ones, and 7 heating ones. The temperature processing whose expressions were analyzed here were divided into 6 cooking processes, 7 medium ones and 3 heating ones. The measurement unit of 'Doe' was most often used. It tried to show relatively accurate measurements but showed just approximate ones. There were 19 kinds of brewing utensis. Urns were most often used, but it was impossible to discern and kind. As for the tast of the wines, the writer showed his subjective expressions. The margianal point in this study is that it was very difficult to interpret the book. The closing up of twings of on azaled over the urn had no scientific base but said something of korean folkways at that times.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

It was examined the effect of fermented rice wine using mycelium of Phellinus linteus (FWPL) on the gastric mucosa of rat. The gastric mucosal lesions were not seen macroscopically in normal, but ethanol-administrated rats produced congestion and edema with a few local lesions. The administration of FWPL showed a similar pattern as like normal except trace histopathological changes. The results of Western blot analyses showed that the higher expression of inducible nitric oxygenase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and c-fos, especially COX-2, in the ethanol-administrated rat compared with normal rat. But FWPL-administrated rat showed a trace increase of these expression compared to normal rat. About immunohistochemical observations, weaker iNOS reactions were detected in mucous cells of epithelim of ethanol administrated rat compared with normal and FWPL-administrated rat. These results suggested that FWPL-administrated rat showed a trace changes on the mucus barrier-related protein expression compared with ethanol-administrated rat and thus FWPL may be use to develop a functional alcoholic beverage.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.638-643
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the effect of Takju(Korean turbid rice wine) lees on the serum glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 24 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: normal control(NC), diabetic control(DC) and diabetic rats(DS) were fed on experimental diet and water ad libitum for 4 weeks. DS diet was containing 20% Takju lees. Body weight gain and food Efficiency Ratio(FER) were significantly lower in DC and DS than NC. DS tended to have higher weight, weight gain and FEF than DC nevertheless food intake. Therefore Takju lees could possibly complement casein as a protein source. Gastrointestianl transit time in DS significantly decreased than NC while not significantly than DC. Serum lipid profiles and AST. ALT and amylase were not significantly different between diabetic DC and DS. Blood glucose was measured at fasting state and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute by oral glucose tolerance test, DS tended to lower the mean(${\pm}$ SE) incremental blood glucose concentrations than DC and was significantly low at 120 min. But incremental AUG(area under the curve) of postprandial glucose response was not significantly different. In conclusion, in spite of high contents of carbohydrate Takju lees perhaps have a benefit effect on the diabetes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.1785-1791
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 전분원료의 종류, 쌀의 도정도, 누룩의 종류를 달리하여 담근 막걸리의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 밀가루는 쌀보다 조지방과 조단백 함량이 높았으며 수분함량은 낮았고, pH 및 총산함량은 쌀과 밀가루로 담근 막걸리 간에 차이가 없었다. 쌀과 밀가루로 담근 막걸리의 주된 유기산은 각각 lactic acid와 succinic acid였으며, 총 유기산 함량은 각각 4.0~5.6 mg/mL와 3.5 mg/mL로 쌀로 담근 막걸리의 유기산 함량이 더 많았다. 쌀과 밀가루로 담근 막걸리의 주된 유리당은 glucose였으며, 쌀과 밀가루로 담근 막걸리의 총 유리당 함량은 각각 76.41~54.53 mg/mL와 67.75 mg/mL로 쌀로 담근 막걸리의 유리당 함량이 더 많았다. 색도는 쌀 품종별로는 차이가 없었으며, 밀가루로 담근 막걸리의 b 값은 양의 값으로 황색이 진했다. 관능평가 결과, 쌀로 담근 막걸리가 밀가루로 담근 막걸리보다 기호도 점수가 더 높았다. 쌀의 도정도가 증가함에 따라 수분, 조지방, 조단백질, acetic acid의 함량은 감소하나, pH, 총산, 유리당, 색도에 있어서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 쌀의 도정도는 과실향을 제외한 기호도 점수에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 전통누룩과 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리의 pH는 각각 4.29~4.65와 4.20~4.23으로 전통누룩으로 만든 막걸리의 pH가 더 높았으며, 총 유기산 함량도 전통누룩으로 담근 막걸리(3.5~6.3 mg/mL)가 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리(2.3~4.3 mg/mL)보다 높았다. 총 유리당 함량은 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리(59.44~73.34 mg/mL)가 전통누룩으로 담근 막걸리(56.45~59.75 mg/mL)보다 많았다. 색도는 전통누룩으로 담근 막걸리가 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리보다 L, a, b 값이 높았으며, 관능적 기호도 점수는 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리가 더 높았다. 본 연구 결과, 쌀로 담근 막걸리가 밀가루로 만든 막걸리에 비해 품질이 우수한 것으로 보이나, 쌀의 품종에 의한 품질 차이는 없었다. 쌀의 도정도에 따른 막걸리의 품질은 향미의 관능적 특성 외에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 도정을 많이 할수록 막걸리의 향미가 좋아졌다. 누룩 종류에 따른 막걸리의 품질 특성 분석 결과, 전통 누룩에 비해 개량누룩으로 담근 막걸리의 관능적 특성이 더 좋았다. 위 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 도정도가 높은 쌀을 전분질 원료로 하고 개량누룩을 사용하여 막걸리를 담근다면 품질이 우수한 막걸리를 제조할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2013

본 연구는 건조 오미자 추출액을 이용하여 오미자 식초를 발효하였다. 산패한 오미자 와인에서 식초산균 OV1과 OV2를 분리하고 분리균의 식초산 생성능력을 비교하였다. 분리균 OV1은 알코올농도 8%까지 발효 가능하였으며, 알코올 농도 6%의 오미자 와인으로부터 산도 5.21%의 식초를 발효하였다. 발효 오미자 식초는 시판 중인 타 식초에 비하여 관능성이 보다 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 오미자 와인 및 식초의 항균력을 paper disc법으로 검정한 결과 식초는 4종의 검정균(B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli 및 P. fluorescens)에 대하여 직경 9.5~17.00 mm의 clear zone을 형성한 반면에 오미자 와인은 S. aureus와 P. fluorescens에 대해서만 clear zone을 생성하였고 clear zone의 직경 또한 9.5 mm 이하로 추출물과 비슷하였다. 오미자 와인 및 오미자 식초의 DPPH free radical 소거능은 오미자 와인(80배수)이 70.25%로 발효 전 추출액에 비하여 약 1.6배 증가하였으나 오미자 식초는 추출액과 비슷한 수준이었으며, 아질산염 소거능 또한 와인에서 높고 식초에서 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 보당한 건조 오미자 추출액을 사용하여 기호성과 기능성을 갖춘 고품질의 식초를 제조할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1485-1492
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• 2015

Makgeolli is a traditional wine in Korea and has been traditionally believed to exhibit health benefits. However, the inhibitory effect of dealcoholized makgeolli (MK) on cancer has never been investigated scientifically. In this study, MK exhibited an anti-angiogenic effect by inhibiting tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, without cytotoxicity. Treatment with MK reduced the proliferation of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the sub-G1 population. Next, we evaluated whether MK could induce apoptosis in AGS cells by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay or Annexin V method. Treatment with MK at 500 and 1,000 μg/ml increased the number of TUNEL-positive AGS cells. Under the same conditions, MK-treated (500 and 1,000 μg/ml) cells showed significant induction of early or late apoptosis, compared with untreated cells (no induction). In addition, MK also induced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression in AGS cells. However, p53 expression in AGS cells was not changed by MK treatment. Furthermore, MK at 500 mg/kg·d reduced the tumor size and volume in AGS tumor xenografts. Taken together, MK may be useful for the prevention of cancer cell growth.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

To develop a new Gugija(Lycium chinensis Mill) product having increased value, the physiological functionality of various commercial Gugija products were investigated. In addition, an in vivo study was performed using spontaneous hypertensive rats(SHR) to examine the anti-hypertension effects of products. The results showed that antioxidant activity was highest in the methanol extract of Gugija leaf pickle(97.7%), and anti-hypertensive angiotensin I -converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory activity was 80.4% in Gugija doenjang(soybean paste) water extract. Anti-cholesterolemia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was highest in the methanol extract of Gugija rice cake(66.1 %). However, SOD-like activity was below 30% in most products; and fibrinolytic activity was not detected or was very weak. Ultimately, we selected Gugija tea and Gugija wine as superior anti-hypertensive Gugija products, and subsequent in vivo testing was performed using SHR, comparing the tea and wine to Gugija fruit. Among them, the Gugija fruit demonstrated the best anti-hypertension effects in SHR.