• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.224-236
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a reasoning-based HTE-STEAM program for the development of the cognitive capacity of middle school students and enhancement of their STEAM literacy, and to investigate the effectiveness of this study in the school setting. The subjects of this study were the students of two middle schools located in the central region of Korea. The students participated in the HTE-STEAM program during their free-learning semesters and 202 of them were selected by random sampling method. Main findings were as follows: First, pre- and post-HTE-STEAM program has shown a significant value in statistical verification (p<.05) and the level of logical thinking ability of the research participants improved after the class compared to before the class. Second, the paired samples t-test comparing the difference between the pre and post scores of the STEAM attitude test has shown a significant value in statistical verification (p<.05), and the HTE-STEAM program has turned out to have a positive effect on the STEAM literacy of the research participants. Third, in the HTE-STEAM satisfaction scale test, the mean value of the sub-construct stood at 3.27~4.12, showing a positive overall response. Therefore, the HTE-STEAM program under the topic of earth science of 'Disaster and Safety' developed at the final stage of this study has proven to have a positive influence on the research participants in terms of the development of cognitive capacity by reasoning and collaborative learning, an important quality of communication and consideration necessary for STEAM literacy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2019

Most of the prior researches in brand extension evaluation have utilized purchase intention as a n effective variable to assess the effectiveness of brand extensions. In contrast, the author proposes that trial intention is to better predict consumers' behavioral response in the newly launched brand extension markets where relate to high risk and uncertainty. Furthermore, the study explores the effects of attitude toward parent brand and consumers' characteristics (perceived similarity and consumption experience) on trial intention of brand extensions. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the data collection was conducted for actual consumers who had experience using parent brand products. This study employed experiment and questionnaire survey and collected data of 186 was analyzed using clustering analysis and regression analysis. The main results are as follows. First, attitude toward parent brand has a positive effect on trial intention of the extensions. Second, perceived similarity and consumption experience of parent brand have moderating effects on the relation of attitude toward parent brand and trial intention of brand extensions. The results provide that both industry and academic researchers with a guide to process trial intention of brand extension from a comprehensive perspective.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.415-427
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• 2021

It is generally recognized that high stocking density can increase the risk of immune dysfunction and reduction in productivity cause of elevated stress in broiler farm. The domestic livestock industry is implementing a certification system for animal welfare and livestock farms to reduce the problem of dense breeding. This study compared broiler from the general farm and animal welfare farm to confirm the effectiveness of animal welfare farms against stress. Gas concentrations in a farm of general and animal welfare farms were analyzed, blood (n=10) of the 28-day-old broiler was collected, the partial pressure of the gas in the blood was analyzed using whole blood, and biochemical factors and hormones were analyzed using the serum. Glycogen and L-lactate are analyzed using ELISA kit on finely pulverized muscles (n=10). CO₂ and NH₃ levels in the farm were significantly higher in general farm. Partial carbon dioxide tension (PCO₂) in blood was significantly higher and partial oxygen tension (PO₂) was significantly lower in the general farm. Creatinine (CREA), glucose (GLU), aspartateaminotransferase (AST), and creatinekinase (CK) in the blood were significantly higher in the general farm, and total protein (TP) and globulin (GLOB) were significantly higher in animal welfare farm. Blood corticosterone and norepinephrine were significantly higher in general farm and epinephrine was significantly higher in animal welfare farm. These results imply that animal welfare farm provides a stress-reduced breeding environment.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 2021

Online teaching has become a daily routine in schools after 2020, and at the same time, the ability to design and conduct classes using smart devices and apps is becoming more important to teachers. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find out how the demonstration of classes using smart devices and apps online has an effect on the intentions of prospective teachers who want to use them in the future. To this end, classes were designed according to the design principles for improving smart education capabilities of pre-service teachers, and the classes were conducted for pre-service teachers. Afterwards, the variables included in the UTAUT model, such as Performance Expectancy, effort Expectancy, social influence, Voluntariness of Use, Behavioral Intention, and Facilitating Conditions, were measured before and after classes, respectively, and the effectiveness of the class was verified through t-test of response samples. As a result, it was confirmed that all variables except the Facilitating Conditions had a significant positive(+) effect. These results suggest that online class demonstration education can be a way for pre-service teachers to more practically adapt to the educational field where smart education is required.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.117-132
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• 2021

Due to the terrain in Korea, there are many road sections passing through mountainous areas. During the winter, there is a higher risk of traffic accidents, due to black ice caused by the lack of sunlight. Despite domestic road freezing safety measures, accidents caused by road freezing results in severe traffic accidents. Under these considerations, this study analyzed whether traffic safety signs that change in response to the external temperature help drivers recognize frozen road segments. The study was conducted through analysis of the effect of the signs on a driver's perspective. For the signs under development, out of the signs designed by experts, the sign design which received the highest visibility and effectiveness evaluation ratings from the general public was selected. The sign was implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and installed on the right side of the road to analyze the effect on gazing and driving behavior. As a result of analyzing the driver's driving behavior, a speed reduction of about 7km/h or more was found in the sign section. Therefore, It was found that the existence of the sign had a strong relationship with the rate of the drivers' speed reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-75
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• 2022

In this study, experiential STEAM program using 3D printer was produced focusing on the content elements of 'solar' in the 2015 revised science curriculum, and in order to find out the effectiveness of the STEAM program, analyzed creative problem solving, STEAM attitude, and STEAM satisfaction by applying it to two middle school 77 students simple random sampled. The results of this study are as follows. First, a solar tactile model was produced using a 3D printer, and a program was developed to enable students to actively learn experience-oriented activities through visual impairment experiences. Second, in the response sample t-test by the difference in pre- and post-score of STEAM attitude tests, significant statistical test results were shown in 'interest', 'consideration', 'self-concept', 'self-efficacy', and 'science and engineering career choice' sub-factors except 'consideration' and 'usefulness / value recognition' sub-factors (p<.05). Third,, the STEAM satisfaction test conducted after the application of the 3D printer-based STEAM program showed that the average value range of sub-factors were 3.66~3.97, which improved students' understanding and interest in science subjects through the 3D printer-based STEAM program.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in children aged 5-11 years, a rapid systematic review was conducted on published clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines and studies that analyzed real-world data on adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on medical literature in international (Ovid-MEDLINE) and pre-published literature databases (medRxiv), followed by handsearching up to January 4, 2022. We used terms including COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and vaccines, and the certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. Results: A total of 1,675 studies were identified, of which five were finally selected. Among the five studies, four consisted of data from clinical trials of each of the four types of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, CoronaVac, and BBIBP-CorV). The remaining study consisted of real-world data on the safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children aged 5-11 years. This systematic review identified that COVID-19 vaccines in recipients aged 5-11 years produced a favorable immune response, and were vaccines were effective against COVID-19. The safety findings for the BNT162b2 vaccine in children and early adolescents aged 5-11 years were similar to those data noted in the clinical trial. Conclusions: There is limited data on COVID-19 vaccines in children aged 5-11 years. Consequently continuous and comprehensive monitoring is necessary for the evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2022

As the revitalization of the global maritime industry continues, the number of foreign ships navigating the maritime territories of maritime neighboring countries has rapidly increased. However, large-scale marine accidents have occurred, caused by the insufficient establishment of a system for management and operation relative to vessels' safety-condition. To address that, the IMO has granted the right to exercise port state control, especially for foreign vessels, to countries with jurisdiction over maritime territories with strengthening regulations and guidelines. In particular, the Republic of Korea, as a member of the TOKYO MOU, is conducting PSC, but as of 2020, the proportion of foreign ships was three times higher than that of national ships that called in domestic ports. However, the inspection rate was low at 9% which has not met the recommended level by the TOKYO MOU. Thus, this study conducted an IPA analysis as well as content analysis, by collecting the practical opinions and views of PSCO through objective questionnaires and written expert interviews, for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of domestic PSC. As a result, it was derived that the importance and performance related to human factors such as life on board, working environment, and response to safety accidents should be improved in to raise the quality of PSC inspection. Additionally, the work environment and performance of PSC in domestic ports for foreign vessels could be improved, if multifaceted support bases are established, for administrative unification of related tests for PSC, recruitment of PSCO, activation of the defection-reporting system, reorganization of the PSC execution group, etc.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 2023

Safety education delivered to construction workers in a lecture manner has limitations in concentration and immersion, so delivery power and interest are low. In order to improve unstable behavior through education and prevent safety accidents, it is necessary to change the paradigm to hands-on education. Purpose: Experiential safety education aims to contribute to preventing accidents for construction workers by quickly recognizing risks, improving emergency response skills, and verifying the effectiveness of pre- and post-learning. Method: Based on a survey of workers who experienced the same work environment as the actual construction site, an opinion survey on the pre- and post-safety experience education and a variable measurement tool were planned, and a research hypothesis was established. Results: The Bayesian theory and MC simulation analysis were used to analyze the structural equation model, and the change in construction worker behavior was confirmed through the intended safety (A), non-experiential education in the sub-area of anxiety (B), average, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. Conclusion: The effect of education and industrial accidents are reduced only when construction workers are motivated to participate.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.179-207
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• 2023

Carbon neutrality, the international community's practical challenge in response to climate change, is becoming a key industrial strategy for the future development of nations. Despite concerns that China, as an economic powerhouse in the G2, may face challenges leading global climate change efforts due to its high-carbon-emitting industrial structure, it is leveraging carbon neutrality to enhance its industrial competitiveness. The Chinese government has formulated national policies for achieving carbon neutrality and detailed sector-specific plans to implement them. In particular, it aims to leverage carbon neutrality industrial strategies as a lever for adjusting the domestic industrial structure and fostering new industries, at the same time responding to international climate norms and external pressures. However, the effectiveness of carbon-neutral industrial strategies is expected to vary based on regional conditions such as economic and industrial levels. This article analyzes the regional conditions for implementing carbon neutrality in China, as well as the contents and characteristics of major industrial policies. Due to differing levels of economic development and industrial structures, significant variations in carbon emissions, size, emission sources, and efficiency are inevitable across regions. These disparities introduce diverse initial conditions and endogenous factors in pursuing carbon-neutral goals, limiting the direction and implementation of carbon-neutral industrial strategies favoring certain regions. In particular, the extent of policy autonomy granted to local governments regarding carbon neutrality implementation will influence the regional dynamics of central-local environmental governance. Consequently, it is crucial to emphasize regional monitoring alongside comprehensive national research to accurately navigate the path towards carbon neutrality in China. In summary, the article underscores the importance of understanding regional variations in economic development, industrial structure, and policy autonomy for successful carbon neutrality implementation in China. It highlights the need for regional monitoring and comprehensive national research to determine a more precise direction for achieving carbon neutrality.