• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Effective estrus detection and artificial insemination (AI) are necessary for profitable management of dairy herd. In current study, 45 crossbred lactating cows have been selected with the complaint of unobserved oestrus for more than sixty days postpartum. All cows had functional corpus luteum as examined by transrectal ultrasonography. Cows were treated with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ analogue and AI was performed with observed oestrus and then single dose of GnRH was administered. Similar synchronization protocol has been repeated after 14 days in cows that did not repose to first treatment. Remaining cows received additional $PGF_2{\alpha}$ after 14 days of second treatment and timed AI was performed following GnRH administration. Among 45 cows, 28.89% showed estrus after first treatment and 78.79% responded to second hormonal intervention. A higher conception rate (88.89% vs 26.66 and 72.72%) was observed in cows after triple administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and timed AI. We noticed a significant differences in body condition score (BCS, 1~5 scale), postpartum period, and daily milk production between cows that either responded of non-responded following first and second hormonal treatment. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between daily milk production and BCS, age and postpartum days, milk production and estrus/BCS, and milk production/BCS/estrus and conception rate. Depending upon the findings we conclude that hormonal intervention with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and GnRH enhances postpartum ovarian cyclicity and help decreasing the days open of dairy herd. Therefore, this finding might provide an excellent guideline for target breeding system for profitable dairy herd management.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2014

In this study, a test for the immunity control effect by ethanolic extract of Eurya emarginata (EE-70E) on NC/Nga mice as the models for atopic dermatitis was conducted with the following results. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice was induced by repeated application of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) for 5 weeks. Mice were orally administered EE-70E or terfenadine, positive control for 3 weeks. Scratching behavior, clinical skin severity, and the levels of IL-4, L-13, IL-17, total serum IgG1, and total serum IgE were measured. The oral administration with EE-70E doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg significantly decreased scratching behavior scores and clinical skin severity score in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The administration of EE-70E at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased cytokines within the blood serum, that is, IL-4, L-13, and IL-17 compared to the control group (p<0.05). The level of blood histamine was statistically significantly decreased. Administration of EE-70E at 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the levels of total serum IgE (p<0.05). The above results indicated that EE-70E was effective in improving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis through various immunity control mechanisms.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.383-390
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• 2013

Mistlero C was shown to be non-genotoxic in a series of genotoxicity tests, including a bacterial reverse mutation test and a combined in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test. In a bacterial reverse mutation assay, no significant increases in the number of revertant colonies, compared to the negative control, was detected in $5,000{\mu}g/plate$ of Mistlero C. In addition, with Mistlero C, no changes were shown in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) among 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to the negative control. Mistlero C was administered orally in rats to investigate acute toxicity. The $LD_{50}$ values in rats were above 2,000 mg/kg. In a repeated dose, 13-week, oral toxicity study conducted in rats, no compound-related adverse effects were shown at doses of Mistlero C of up to 1,000 mg/kg body weight/day. The results of these studies support the safe use of Mistlero C in food for human consumption.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.490-494
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• 1997

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mouse forestomach tumorigenesis initiating regimen. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were housed in polycarbonated cages (5 mice/cage; 20 mice/treatment) in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and permitted free access to water and food. One week later, four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with BP (2 mg/0.2 ml corn oil), mice were given 0.2 ml PBS containing 50 mg AEY, 100 mg AEY, 150 mg AEY, or 150 mg CEY. Control mice were only given 0.2 ml PBS. Three days later this sequence was repeated for a total of 4 times. Beginning with the first intubation and continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once weekly. All surviving mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose of BP. Mice treated with AEY developed only about one third as many neoplasms/animal as mice in control or CEY-treated group (p<0.05). Reduction effect of tumor development by AEY was dependent upon doses applied. Tumor incidence was also reduced by AEY treatments, but significantly reduced only by 150 mg AEY treatment when compared to that by control or CEY. Food intake and body weight were not affected by AEY treatment. These results indicate that AEY inhibits tumorigenesis of mouse forestomach induced by BP.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of CyberKnife $Synchrony^{TM}$ respiratory tracking system which was applied to Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) for moving tumors in chest and abdomen with breathing motion. For accurate evaluation, gold fiducial marks were implanted into a moving phantom. The moving phantom was a cube imbedding an acryl ball as a target. The acryl ball was prescribed to 20 Gy at 70% of isodose curve in a virtual treatment and radiochromic films were inserted into the acryl ball for dose verification and tracking accuracy evaluation. The evaluation of position tracking consists of two parts: fiducial mark tracking in a stationary phantom and $Synchrony^{TM}$ respiratory tracking in a moving phantom. Each measurement was done in three directions and was repeated to 5 times. Range of position error was 0.1957 mm to 0.6520 mm in the stationary phantom and 0.4405 mm to 0.7665 mm in the moving phantom. Average position error was 0.3926 mm and 0.5673 mm in the stationary phantom and the moving phantom respectively. This study evaluates the accuracy of CyberKnife $Synchrony^{TM}$ Respiratory tracking system, and confirms the usefulness when it's used for Stereotactic Radiosurgery of body organs.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2009

The surface treatment of titanium implant could bring out the biochemical bonding between bone and implant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical bone response of Mg-ion implanted implants with plasma source ion implantation method. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were included in this study. Each rabbit received one control fixture (blasted with resorbable blasting media, RBM) and three types of Mg ion implanted fixtures in tibiae. The implants were left in place for 6 weeks before the rabbits were sacrificed. Removal torque value and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ) were compared. The repeated measured analysis of variance was used with $P{\leq}0.05$ as level of statistical significance. ISQ was not different among all groups. However, the ISQ was increased after 6 weeks healing. The group had lowest ISQ value showed the greatest increment. Mg-1 implants with 9.4% retained ion dose showed significantly higher removal torque value than that of the other implants. From this results, it is concluded that the Mg-1 implants has stronger bone response than control RBM surface implant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.474-485
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• 2013

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalus membranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacological studies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities has been isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluation for the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food. In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000mg/kg/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000mg/kg/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Background : A tracheobronchial obstruction in lung cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent respiratory infection. It is well known that one of standard treatments is photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tracheobronchial obstruction after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery. We reported here the role of PDT in airway obstruction in patients advanced lung cancer. Method : Pre-treatment protocol consisted of clinical, radiologic, and bronchoscopic examination, pulmonary function test, and assessment of Karnofsky performance status. A 2 mg/kg of porfimer sodium was injected intravenously, and then followed by cylindrical and/or interstitial irradiation with 630 nm of laser after 48 hours. The repeated bronchoscopy for debridement of necrotic tissue and re-illumination was performed after 48 hours. Result : Improved airway obstruction and selective tumor necrosis were achieved by photodynamic therapy in all cases. Dyspnea and performance status were improved in three cases. A purulent sputum, fever and hemoptysis were improved in one of five cases. After PDT, all patients showed temporarily aggravation of dyspnea, two of five showed febrile reaction for a few days and nobody presented photosensitivity reaction, hemoptysis and respiratory failure. Conclusion : Our experiences of PDT are effective in palliation of inoperable advanced lung cancer in terms of tracheobronchial obstruction.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.194-206
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• 1997

This paper was performed to evaluate the properties of no-coarse lightweight concrete using perlite and expanded polystyrene bead on fine aggregate. The results were shown that w/c and unit weight was affected by absorption ratio and unit weight of using aggregate itself. The compressive strength of no-coarse lightweight concrete was showed $187kgf/cm^2$ by using natural sand, $170kgf/cm^2$ by using perlite. Tensile and bending strength were showed the same tendency of compressive strength, but when expanded polystyrene bead concrete dose not have strength nearly. The pulse velocity and static modulus of elasticity of no-coarse lightweight concrete were smaller than that of normal cement concrete. And stress-strain curves were shown that was increased with increase of stress, and when the stress-strain curve using expanded polystyrene bead was repeated at short intervals increase and decrease irregularly.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.551-554
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• 2009

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have received increasing attention in biomedical and biochemical applications because of their properties such as being water-soluble and biocompatible. In this study, a PVA/CMC hydrogel applicable to artificial cartilage was prepared by a freezing-thawing technique and a gamma-ray irradiation. The solid concentration of PVA was 7 wt% and the concentration of CMC was 4 wt%. The freezing/thawing process was repeated twice and the dose of gamma-ray irradiated was 30 kGy. Results of gelation before and after gamma-ray irradiation were similar, but the swelling degree decreased and compressive strength increased. The cytotoxicity was investigated with CCK-8 assay.