• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1075-1083
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• 2016

Nowadays, the use of wireless input devices has been increasing on the basis of high convenience and portability. In particular the most widely used wireless keyboard and the mouse to use the 2.4 GHz frequency band, but due to the third party receives the electromagnetic wave from leaking when the radio equipment it is easy to obtain the personal information and the vulnerability is also being reported consistently. In this paper, implement a system to analyze and manipulate the packets of 2.4 GHz wireless keyboard and mouse using USRP device and GNU Radio package for verify the vulnerability of 2.4 GHz wireless keyboard and mouse. Using the construction system has attained a equipment specific address and key information by analyzing the communication protocol and the packet structure of the device was proved that a user can operate the PC to send the random key from long distance.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-113
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• 1992

In general, TDMA and FDMA have been used for multiple access communication methods. Recently. However, ALOHA and CSMA protocols came to exist as new schemes for VSAT data networks and LANs, respectively. These schemes are proven to be effective for packet switched communication systems that has bursty traffic but packet collisions. In this paper we analyze capture statistics arising from fading channels in packet radio communication systems in the context of ALOHA protocol. We derive general results of the exact form of capture probabilities and present numerical data for wide range of fading parameters. Since the capture probabilities are found to approach zero when the number of transmitted signals become larger, we are able to determine the achievable channel throughput by a least squares fitting of an exponential-type function to the probabilities.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.771-780
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• 2020

QKD(Quantum Key Distribution) is one of the protocols that can make two distant parties safely share secure keys against the threat of quantum computer. Generally, cryptographic applications which are connected to the QKD device have fixed roles as a transmitter and a receiver due to the race condition and complexity of implementation. Because the conventional QKD system is mainly applied to the link encryptor, there are no problems even if the roles of the cryptographic devices are fixed. We propose a new scheme of QKD system and protocol that is easy to extend to the QKD network by eliminating quantum key dependency between cryptographic device and QKD node. The secure keys which are generated by the TRNG(True Random Number Generator) are provided to the cryptographic applications instead of quantum keys. We design an architecture to transmit safely the secure keys using the inbound and outbound quantum keys which are shared between two nodes. In this scheme, since the dependency of shared quantum keys between two QKD nodes is eliminated, all cryptographic applicatons can be a master or a slave depending on who initiates the cryptographic communications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2004

System Packet Interface Level 4 Phase(SPI-4.2) is an interface for packet and cell transfer between a physical layer(PHY) device and a link layer device, for aggregate bandwidths of OC-192 ATM and Packet Over Sonet/SDH(POS), as well as 10Gbps Ethernet applications. In this paper, we performs the research for SPI-4.2. Also we analyze the performance of SPI-4.2 interface module after modeling using C programming language. This paper shows that SPI-4.2 interface module with 512-word FIFO depth is able to be adapted for the offered loads to 97％ in random uniform traffic and 94％ in bursty traffic with bursty length 32. SPI-4.2 interface module can experience an performance degradation due to heavy overhead when it massively receives small size packets less than 14-byte. SPI-4.2 interface module is suited for line cards in gigabit/terabit routers, and optical cross-connect switches, and SONET/SDH-based transmission systems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.165-182
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• 2014

An RFID systems employ efficient Anti-Collision Algorithms (ACAs) to enhance the performance in various applications. The EPC-Global G2 RFID system utilizes Frame Slotted Aloha (FSA) as its ACA. One of the common approaches used to maximize the system performance (tag identification efficiency) of FSA-based RFID systems involves finding the optimal value of the frame length relative to the contending population size of the RFID tags. Several analytical models for finding the optimal frame length have been developed; however, they are not perfectly optimized because they lack precise characterization for the timing details of the underlying ACA. In this paper, we investigate this promising direction by precisely characterizing the timing details of the EPC-Global G2 protocol and use it to derive a precise-optimal frame length model. The main objective of the model is to determine the optimal frame length value for the estimated number of tags that maximizes the performance of an RFID system. However, because precise estimation of the contending tags is difficult, we utilize a parametric-heuristic approach to maximize the system performance and propose two simple schemes based on the obtained optimal frame length-namely, Improved Dynamic-Frame Slotted Aloha (ID-FSA) and Exponential Random Partitioning-Frame Slotted Aloha (ERP-FSA). The ID-FSA scheme is based on the tag set estimation and frame size update mechanisms, whereas the ERP-FSA scheme adjusts the contending tag population in such a way that the applied frame size becomes optimal. The results of simulations conducted indicate that the ID-FSA scheme performs better than several well-known schemes in various conditions, while the ERP-FSA scheme performs well when the frame size is small.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.4B
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• pp.377-386
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• 2009

IPTV technology for providing multimedia content with high-speed is the network which combines existing network, multimedia and internet technology etc. But internet, broadcasting and web technologies which is now being used is not optimized to IPTV because the security problem between user who gets content service through mobile units and content server is not guaranteed. This paper proposes user certification mechanism between mobile device and content server to receive the service which the user for the content chooses by mobile device safely. The proposed mechanism uses the random number which user creates and certification token for preventing illegal user who uses other's service that already paid. Also the proposed protocol encrypts the delicate data like user's information or profile using shared-key between java card attached on user's mobile device and grant sewer and then prevents reply attack which happens often in wireless section and man-in-the-middle attack by MAC.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.2031-2038
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• 2008

A small-area and high-speed authentication/security processor (WUSB_Sec) IP is designed, which performs the 4-way handshake protocol for authentication between host and device, and data encryption/decryption of wireless USB system. The PRF-256 and PRF-64 are implemented by CCM (Counter mode with CBC-MAC) operation, and the CCM is designed with two AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) encryption coles working concurrently for parallel processing of CBC mode and CTR mode operations. The AES core that is an essential block of the WUSB_Sec processor is designed by applying composite field arithmetic on AF$(((2^2)^2)^2)$. Also, S-Box sharing between SubByte block and key scheduler block reduces the gate count by 10%. The designed WUSB_Sec processor has 25,000 gates and the estimated throughput rate is about 480Mbps at 120MHz clock frequency.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.206-215
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• 2007

Ad-Hoc network technology is a mobile internet technology of the future that will be used widely not only in Mobile Network but also in Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) and Ubiquitous Network For this to occur, distributed routing protocol design, loop prevention for link information reduction in overhead for control messages and route restoration algorithm must be improved or complemented. Security techniques that can guarantee safe com-munication between Ad-Hot nodes net also be provided. This study proposes and evaluates a new authentication mechanism for MANET. The mechanism segregates the roles of certification authority to keep with the dynamic mobility of nodes and handle rapid and random topological changes with minimal over-head. That is, this model is characterized by its high expandability that allows the network to perform authentication service without the influence of joining and leaving nodes. The efficiency and security of this concept was evaluated through simulation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2020

This paper describes a design of a lightweight security system-on-chip (SoC) suitable for the implementation of security protocols for IoT and mobile devices. The security SoC using Cortex-M0 as a CPU integrates hardware crypto engines including an elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) core, a SHA3 hash core, an ARIA-AES block cipher core and a true random number generator (TRNG) core. The ECC core was designed to support twenty elliptic curves over both prime field and binary field defined in the SEC2, and was based on a word-based Montgomery multiplier in which the partial product generations/additions and modular reductions are processed in a sub-pipelining manner. The H/W-S/W co-operation for elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (EC-DSA) protocol was demonstrated by implementing the security SoC on a Cyclone-5 FPGA device. The security SoC, synthesized with a 65-nm CMOS cell library, occupies 193,312 gate equivalents (GEs) and 84 kbytes of RAM.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse randomized controlled trials about acupuncture for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and evaluate it's pain improvement effect. Methods Studies will be searched from ten databases (Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WanFang Data, Citation Information by NII [CiNII], ScienceON, Koreanstudies Information Service System [KISS], KMBASE, and KoreaMed). Participants will be patients diagnosed with PFPS, regardless of cause, gender, age or race, and interventions will be acupuncture, electroacupuncture, dry needling, fire needle, and acupotomy. Other treatments than interventions will be the control group and the main outcome will be reviewed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Data will be extracted and assessed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis flow chart and Cochrane risk of bias tools. Meta-analysis will be conducted using random effect model within 95% confidence interval. Conclusions We expect this systematic review to provide useful data about the pain improvements of patellofemoral pain using acupuncture and expect to stimulate and systematize acupuncture treatment on PFPS in the future.