• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1253-1259
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• 2011

Let R be a prime ring, I a nonzero ideal of R and n a fixed positive integer. If R admits a generalized derivation F associated with a derivation d such that c for all x, $y{\in}I$. Then either R is commutative or n = 1, d = 0 and F is the identity map on R. Moreover in case R is a semiprime ring and $(F([x,\;y]))^n=[x,\;y]$ for all x, $y{\in}R$, then either R is commutative or n = 1, $d(R){\subseteq}Z(R)$, R contains a non-zero central ideal and for all $x{\in}R$.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.509-525
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• 2014

Let R be a commutative ring with identity. An R-module M is said to be w-projective if $Ext\frac{1}{R}$(M,N) is GV-torsion for any torsion-free w-module N. In this paper, we define a ring R to be w-semi-hereditary if every finite type ideal of R is w-projective. To characterize w-semi-hereditary rings, we introduce the concept of w-injective modules and study some basic properties of w-injective modules. Using these concepts, we show that R is w-semi-hereditary if and only if the total quotient ring T(R) of R is a von Neumann regular ring and $R_m$ is a valuation domain for any maximal w-ideal m of R. It is also shown that a connected ring R is w-semi-hereditary if and only if R is a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer v-multiplication domain.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.339-348
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• 2011

A ring R is called symmetric, if abc = 0 implies acb = 0 for a, b, c ${\in}$ R. An ideal I of a ring R is called symmetric (resp. radically-symmetric) if R=I (resp. R/$\sqrt{I}$) is a symmetric ring. We first show that symmetric ideals and ideals which have the insertion of factors property are radically-symmetric. We next show that if R is a semicommutative ring, then $T_n$(R) and R[x]=($x^n$) are radically-symmetric, where ($x^n$) is the ideal of R[x] generated by $x^n$. Also we give some examples of radically-symmetric ideals which are not symmetric. Connections between symmetric ideals of R and related ideals of some ring extensions are also shown. In particular we show that if R is a symmetric (or semicommutative) (${\alpha}$, ${\delta}$)-compatible ring, then R[x; ${\alpha}$, ${\delta}$] is a radically-symmetric ring. As a corollary we obtain a generalization of [13].

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.495-507
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• 2014

Nielsen and Rege-Chhawchharia called a ring R right McCoy if given nonzero polynomials f(x), g(x) over R with f(x)g(x) = 0, there exists a nonzero element r ${\in}$ R with f(x)r = 0. Hong et al. called a ring R strongly right McCoy if given nonzero polynomials f(x), g(x) over R with f(x)g(x) = 0, f(x)r = 0 for some nonzero r in the right ideal of R generated by the coefficients of g(x). Subsequently, Kim et al. observed similar conditions on linear polynomials by finding nonzero r's in various kinds of one-sided ideals generated by coefficients. But almost all results obtained by Kim et al. are concerned with the case of products of linear polynomials. In this paper we examine the nonzero annihilators in the products of general polynomials.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.539-548
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• 2024

Let R be a ring and P be a prime ideal of R. A mapping d : R → R is called a multiplicative derivation if d(xy) = d(x)y + xd(y) for all x, y ∈ R. In this paper, our main motive is to obtain the well-known theorem due to Posner in the ring R/P for generalized derivations associated with a multiplicative derivation defined by an additive mapping F : R → R such that F(xy) = F(x)y + xd(y), where d : R → R is a multiplicative derivation not necessarily additive. This article discusses the use of generalized derivations associated with a multiplicative derivation to investigate the commutativity of the quotient ring R/P.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2003

Purpose : The expectations are defined as desired expectations in initial SERVQUAL scale(1985, 1988), but in modified SERVQUAL scale(1991), are defined as a feasible ideal point expectations. In assessment of nursing service quality by SERVQUAL scale, the definitions of expectations is important problem. The purpose of this study was to compare the feasible ideal point expectations with the desired expectations in assessment of nursing service quality using SERVQUAL scale. Methods : The subjects were 256 inpatients at 4 general hospitals in Jeju-do(123 for feasible ideal point and 133 for desired). The data were collected by two types of self-reporting questionnaires to measure the feasible ideal point and desired expectations. For data analysis, t-test, multiple regression, and comparative analysis of multiple Rs via Fishers Z transformation. Results : Compared with the SERVQUAL scores, the feasible ideal point expectations better explained the variations of the overall consumer satisfaction($R^2$=O.33) than the desired($R^2$=O.25). Conclusion : The feasible ideal point expectations were more suitable to the assessment of nursing service quality using SERVQUAL scale. It will be need to explore the conceptual definitions of expectations using SERVQUAL scale in different settings. Also, further study needs to be conducted to compare alternative service quality measurement scales.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-168
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• 2000

The SERVQUAL scale is based on the gap theory, which indicates the difference between consumers' expectations and their actual performance. In SERVQUAL scale, the expectations are defined as a "feasible ideal point"(ex, An Excellent hospital has up-to-date equipment). But empirical research identified important problems concerning the conceptual definitions of expectations. They suggests the usage of "desired expectations". Desired expectations are defined as the level at which the consumer predict the service that the organization they visited will perform(ex, $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ hospital has up-to-date equipment). The purpose of this study was to compare the feasible ideal point expectations with desired expectations in assessment of consumer expectations using SERVQUAL scale. We developed two types of questionnaires : (1) to measure feasible ideal point expectations, (2) to measure desired expections. Questionnaire were distributed to ambulatory patients who used the medical service. Total 329 patients participated the hosiptal satisfaction questionnaire(167 for feasible ideal point expectations, 162 for desired expectations). The major finding is as follows: (1) the SERVQUAL scale which was computed by the feasible ideal point showed the higher explanatory power in consumer satisfaction ($R^2$=0.26) than the other identified alternatives(desired expectation, $R^2$=0.11) The results of a study suggests that the feasible ideal point were more conceptually suitable to assess of consumer satisfaction using SERVQUAL scale.SERVQUAL scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.5-15
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• 1997

In studies on the hospital labor-management relations, research about the attitudes of workers and management toward unions was relatively untouched in Korea. This study was investigated to identify the relation among ideal, actual attitudes toward unions, ideal, actual views on nursing profession and career commitment. Data was obtained from a convenience sample of 285 nurses of varying positions, education, career, join union or not. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There was significant differences between ideal attitude toward unions and actual (p < .001). 2. There was significant differences between ideal view on nursing profession and actual (p< .001). 3. There were no correlations between ideal and actual attitude toward unions and nursing career commitment. 4. There were correlation between ideal and actual views on nursing and nursing career commitment(r=.32, r=.46). As the results show, views on nursing profession are more important factor to inhance nursing career commitment than attitude toward union. So the findings of this study suggest that antecedents and moderating variables need to be explored for further theoretical specification and empirical evaluation.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.703-706
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• 2013

Let R be a commutative noetherian algebra and let ${\delta}$ be a nonzero derivation. Here we determine the prime ideals of the skew polynomial algebra R[z;${\delta}$] and the Poisson prime ideals of R[z;${\delta}$]p.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.569-573
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• 1996

We study some special cases of Chow groups of a ramified complete regular local ring R of dimension n. We prove that (a) for codimension 3 Gorenstein ideal I, [I] = 0 in $A_{n-3}(R)$ and (b) for a particular class of almost complete intersection prime ideals P of height i, [P] = 0 in $A_{n-i}(R)$.