• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-69
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• 2011

Use of disposer at the kitchens of Korean apartments is inevitable in treating their foodwaste having a water content of more than 80%. Also we have to ensure that this extra disposer-foodwaste BOD loadings be treated properly by installing/operating a pre-treatment system before this wastewater enters public sewer system. However, the degree of BOD removal should not be excessive since a BOD/N ratio higher than 5 is required for removing N/P at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The removal of BOD/N in the pretreatment system rather than BOD alone can be an alternative solution in solving this problem. The particles separated by sedimentation, screen or packed-bed can be anaerobically digested at apartment sites to generate biogas that can be used for simple digester heating and to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for nitrogen removal. We suggest that Korean government grants a temporary license (say for 5 years) to foodwaste treatment companies in collaboration with apartment construction companies which may do business and develop various kinds of disposer-foodwaste treatment systems in diverse wastewater discharge systems of Korean apartments.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.123-144
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to grasp factors the increasing population growth rate of the region through the regional and housing market characteristics. This paper has used multiple regression as the dependent variable (average of the population growth rate of 85cities during the last five years) and the independent variables analyzed the regional and housing market characteristics on the average. The results of the analysis, The regional and housing market variables that have had a significant impact on the regional population growth rate over the last five years are birth rate, employment rate, production available population growth rate, apartment rate, resale rights rate, and apartment turnover rate and the number of businesses per thousand and has decreased. In other words, The regions where the population increased by region for the last five years were the ones with the transfer of public institutions (innovation cities) and land development among the Seoul metropolitan area and non-Seoul metropolitan area excluding Seoul and metropolitan cities. The results of this study is intentional to suggest Policy point of view for the balanced regional development presented at the government level for other the metropolitan area, such as the small and medium cities that are undergoing population decline.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.653-664
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• 2021

As the construction standards for energy-saving eco-friendly housing have recently been strengthened, the proportion of window work has increased with the demand for high-efficiency housing. Windows have high frequency of use, and there is the potential for many defects to occur depending on the characteristics of construction. According to a government agency's survey of defects in public rental apartment housing, defects in the windows work accounted for the highest portion of complaints received. Accordingly, related previous studies were considered, and it was found that the existing studies in Korea lacked research that reflected the construction characteristics of window work and the importance of maintenance. In addition, existing overseas studies considered both the constructor and the resident's position, considering the cost aspect together, and showed a trend of structuring the relationship between defects and causes. Therefore, this study will analyze the causes of defects that can occur in the construction phase of the windows work, reflect the construction characteristics, and derive major factors that consider the importance of maintenance based on the possibility of recurrence after repairing defects. Ultimately, this research will contribute to preventing defects in the construction phase and reducing maintenance costs by presenting a highly effective defect management plan through selecting the major factors for each defect type that can be intuitively judged by analyzing the causal relationship between defect types and causes.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

It is recommended for the public to stay at home and to close the doors and windows when a high-particulate-matter environment such as a yellow sand event occurs outside. However, there are lack of empirical studies describing how much outdoor PM infiltrates into a closed house and how much indoor PM an inhabitant is exposed to during the period. In this study, the $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were measured at the kitchen in an apartment house by an optical particle counter for 3 days including a yellow sand event. The outdoor PMs and the outdoor wind speeds were referred from surrounding weather stations. We analyzed the penetration of $PM_{10-2.5}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ at the test house against the outdoor wind speed supposed corresponding to the change of air exchange rate. In addition, the effect of an indoor activity on change in the indoor PM was investigated. In result, the indoor $PM_{10-2.5}$ was very low even a yellow sand event occurred outside; rather, a contribution of indoor activities to increase in $PM_{10-2.5}$ was higher. In contrast, the indoor $PM_{2.5}$ fluctuated following the outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ trend at high wind speeds or remained almost constant at low wind speed.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.113-130
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• 2015

This study is to identify urban characteristics affecting obesity of elementary, middle and high school students. Most of previous studies in Korea discussed healthy city focusing on adults. We list up possible urban characteristic factors that are considered to affect adolescent obesity from previous studies, and then conduct regression analysis to find policy implications in urban planning. Based on the physical examination data of adolescent students in Seoul from the Ministry of Education, we set the rate of obese students by school as a dependent variable. Urban characteristic variables are set as explanatory variables, and measured by buffer analysis within 500m, 1000m and 1500m. The result of regression analysis shows that the obese rate of students increases with adults' lower education level, higher rate of non-apartment houses, older age of houses and more homogeneous land use. However, the result does not indicate that population density, accessibility to public transportation and the urban park are significant factors for adolescent obesity. Based on this result, urban planning policy for promoting adolescent health should be discussed further.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: The repair would require to conserve and improve the building function and performance since built. Each household is responsible for maintaining the public facilities and paying the required cost. Therefore, it needs to get the tool or method to forecast the required cost in the future. Before the repair cost is provided, it needs to catch the repair cost distribution and provide the unit cost for the repair cycle. In this study, it aimed at providing the repair cost unit and analyzing the repair cost distribution in a roof proofing work, elevator work and building painting, which are divided into a fully work and partly change. Results of this study are shown that first, the average repair cost for roof proofing work is provided with $166.59{\times}10^3won/household$ and $1.59{\times}10^3won/m^2$ of a full change, $33.22{\times}10^3won/household$ and $0.33{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a partly work. In addition, elevator work is $557.45{\times}10^3won/household$ and $5.38{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a full change, $32.92{\times}10^3won/household$ and $0.56{\times}10^3won/m^2$ for a partly repair. Painting has a $304.48{\times}10^3won/household$ and $2.94{\times}10^3won/m^2$. Second, the distribution pattern of repair unit cost has a weibull-typed distribution which has a long tail to the right.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

The primary focus of this study has been directed towards assessing the potential impact of construction method improvement on a reduction in project cost. A total of 90 actual application cases were collected from a public organization and private construction firms, and 32 cases were used in analysis by adopting a synthetic approach. The level of cost reduction was measured in terms of material and labor cost by comparing the existing method and the improved method. An analysis of the results indicates that project cost can be reduced by up to 5.26 percent compared to a normal project by adopting a synthetic approach. Additional benefits include the assurance of uniform quality, savings in terms of labor and/or materials, and improved productivity. The potential of the applicability of this approach to other types of buildings and the implications of research findings were discussed in detail.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.6 s.22
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• pp.191-202
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• 2004

In this study, the project manager-oriented organization model has been verified by analysing it with forming a clear definition of detailed unitary duty entity to develop current non-efficient CM system constituted by functional organization with the decentralized responsibility and apply the model As a result from verification that the model provides valid solutions by comparing it with the existing, the model is better than the existing in cost savings, target profit sales rate, total rate of new on sales. Moreover, various activities in cost savings and cases where improvement is feasible are executed. However, the model caused some problems in organizational operation, project management and in division of duties so this study proposed improving management method

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1241-1249
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• 2014

This study presents preferences factors analysis of Car-sharing in Suwon. Approximately, 60% of the citizens prefer car-sharing and consider using it. The results of analysis by factors show higher preferences in these groups of travelers: man, younger, a resident of detached house and efficiency apartment, user of public transportation who finds it uncomfortable, traveler without vehicles, and traveler using car 1 to 3 times a week. The potential demand for car-sharing was highest in the residential areas and around the stations. Travelers prefer to pay the fee by the hour, which the fair value was 7,967 won. For the trip purpose of business, shopping and leisures, car-sharing is more preferred than taxi and rental cars. Findings will contribute to determining the direction of policy for the car-sharing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 1981

Generation of Solid Wastes grew rapidly with the increase of living standard of the people in Korea recently and their composition was more complicate. The weight of Solid wastes generated in Seoul into year of 1979 was about 420 million tons which required 1.5 million $m^2$ of burial land and daily generation for person was 1.6kg. The Composition of more than 80% ash contents was suitable for sanitary landfill but recently ash was decreasing while paper, synthetic materials, glass etc, increasing and alternative method had to be found to dispose the wastes properly. Weight and Composition of Wastes by season and living standard were surveyed for one year from June 1980 to May 1981 in Seoul. Disposal mathods by waste composition was studied. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Each component stored separately at generation point was to be collected and to be reused or disposed by public organization or private company. Some incentives have to be arranged. 2) Wastes collected from household were transfeted to about 420 temporally storing places and transported to two dumping areas by about 700, 4-8 tons trucks which droped litters on the streets. Large dumping lots should constructed along the western coasts and the wastes would be transported through big container trucks or trains to the lots. 3) Ash contents decreased to 40-70% while garbage, synthetic materials, paper increased and they are two to three times in summer of those in winter. Ash in affluent residential areas is less than 50% of whole wastes while that in poor apartment and residential areas is 60-70%. 4) Large dumping places should be constructed along the western coasts which are not far from Seoul because no suitalbe lands are available, and proper leakage protection arrangements should be made.