• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.371-383
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a module for infants in pediatric nursing based on problem-based learning (PBL) and to analyze its effect. Methods: The data used in the study was collected from 79 junior nursing students. For the analysis of the module effect, one group post-test design was applied for measurement of academic achievement. Results: The module for infants is comprised of a 4-hour PBL module. The academic achievement tests are composed of formative (tutor evaluation, self-evaluation) and summative evaluations. The self-evaluation revealed the strong need for PBL and the importance of PBL in the problem solving process and integrative thinking. The mean score of the subjects' learning satisfaction, problem solving process and concept map assessments were all above 50 percent. There was no significant difference in the mean score between the infant PBL and other teaching methods. Conclusion: The PBL proved to be a useful learning method to promote the critical and integrative thinking process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-107
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• 2011

In this study, elementary school science program, this category did not affect any troubleshooting analyzed. Thinking Science Program to buy for them in group activities by using one of the elements of a program of treatment and cognitive level effects were two kinds of research questions. 102, 5th grade four classes were involved, these two classes of the experimental group and the remaining two classes were divided into a control group. Pre-test between the two groups is compared to the level and classification problem-solving skills but the skills did not show a statistically significant difference. Thinking Science activity after application of classification and posttest the experimental group than in the control group problem solving abilities of students classified at the level of statistical significance was higher. Thinking Science program is a treatment effect for each level of analysis, tests, regardless of cognitive level was more effective. Through theses findings, Thinking Science activities 5th grade category classification problem-solving skills of students found to be effective in improving and these types of programs actively introduced in the field suggests that we need to see.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.636-647
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aimed at developing the problem-based learning packages on the respiratory and cardiac system of an adult-health nursing course, and to examine the effect of PBL on the knowledge, learning attitude and motivation in nursing students. Method: A total of 7 PBL packages were developed through the analysis of learning contents and integration of concepts. Clinical scenarios used in 7 PBL packages were selected and composed at a respiratory and a cardiovascular unit, a medical ICU and a chest-surgery unit of C university hospital in G-city. The PBL method was implemented 3 hours a week for 12 weeks to 35 students of an experimental group, and the conventional lecture was implemented to 38 students at C college of C province from Sept. to Dec. 2002. A pretest-posttest experimental design was used. Result: The PBL students (n=35) scored significantly higher knowledge than conventional students (n=38) in the area of problem solving (t=3.418, p=. 001). But, there is no significant difference in the memory-dependent knowledge. Also, The level of learning attitude (t=3.570, p=. 001) and learning motivation (t=3.446. p=. 001) was significantly higher in PBL students. Conclusion: PBL method appears to be effective in improving nursing students' problem-solving knowledge and positive learning attitude and motivation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting problem drinking in male nursing students. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey. A total 126male nursing students completed a self-report questionnaire to assess alcohol consumption, motives for drinking, and self-efficacy in drinking refusal self-efficacy. The participants were divided into 2 groups, moderate and problem drinkers. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors affecting problem drinking in these nursing students. Results: Problem drinkers was found to be related to young age (adjusted OR=0.83, 95% CI [0.71, 0.96], coping motives (adjusted OR=1.19, 95%CI [1.00, 1.42], and drinking refusal self-efficacy (OR=0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.99]). Conclusion: The findings highlight the important role that coping motives and drinking refusal self-efficacy play in the problems in the drinking behavior of male nursing students.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.151-166
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• 1998

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a practical problem-based instruction(PPBHEI) perceived by female and male high school students. One Group post-test only design was used in this quasiexperimental study. The experimental group of the study was 101(67 male and 34 female) second grade students of a high school in Kyung Kee Area. The Practical Problem-Based Home Economics Instruction had been conducted to the group during the 14th weeks of 1997 spring semester. Post-test including the two parts was conducted at the end of the semester. The instrument of the study was developed and used, based on the previous literature after testing validity and reliability by the researcher. The questionnaire was composed of open-ended question. The data of this study were analyzed by content analysis. The results were as follows: 1)both female and male respondents indicated PPBHEI helped to improve their friendships(93.1%), expression skills(69.3%), their thinking ability(82.1%), and problem soiving skills(76.2%); 2)both female and male respondents indicated that problems of PPBHEI were that a few students didn't like joining the class and classroom space was too small; and 3)half of students(52.3%) perceived the Practical Problem-Based Home Economics Instruction related to student achievement.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.216-226
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the creative problem solving and scientific attitude through the science-based STEAM program for the elementary gifted students. For the purpose of this study, a teaching plan and worksheet for students based on STEAM was developed and applied. The objects of this study were the fourth grade of both an experimental class (18 students) and a comparative class (20 students) at the gifted class located in Gyeonggi Province. The results of this study were as follows: First, the change in students' science creative problem solving in the experimental group applying science-based STEAM program has statistically meaningful difference (p<.05). Second, the scientific attitude score of the experimental class improved, but it has no meaningful difference statistically. Third, according to the analysis of questionnaire for evaluating the program, experimental class students had a positive recognition in respect of the STEAM program and got higher satisfaction about the lesson. Therefore, science-based STEAM program applied in this study might be useful to improve the creative problem solving, and can be expected the scientific attitude' improving and better be widely applied to gifted education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.36-42
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• 1998

It is difficult to construct a controller for a mobile robot so that it can adapt appropriately in dynamicallychanging environment. To solve this problem, extensive research has been actively performedto construct a controller by evolutionary method, but few results has come out about the behavioraln~echanism of the evolutionarily constructed controller. This paper attemps to systematically analyze themechanism of the controller constructed by evolution. As a result, we have found that evolution canproduce a controller that can solve a given problem properly, where given problem is divided into severalsub problems and adequate mechanisms emerge for each sub problem. The whole problem hasbeen solved through the complicated interactions of these mechanisms.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.4 s.111
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• pp.627-651
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• 2005

This study was conducted to attain an in-depth understanding of students' mathematical representations and to present the educational implications for teaching them. Twelve mathematical tasks were developed according to the six types of problems. A task performance was executed to 151 third graders from four classes in DaeJeon and GyeongGi. We analyzed the types and forms of representations generated by them. Then, qualitative case studies were conducted on two small-groups of five from two classes in GyeongGi. We analyzed how individuals' representations became elaborated into group representation and what patterns emerged during the collaborative small-group learning. From the results, most students used more than one representation in solving a problem, but they were not fluent enough to link them to successful problem solving or to transfer correctly among them. Students refined their representations into more meaningful group representation through peer interaction, self-reflection, etc.. Teachers need to give students opportunities to think through, and choose from, various representations in problem solving. We also need the in-depth understanding and great insights into students' representations for teaching.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

Analogy in problem solving is similarity-based reasoning facilitated by verbal and visual operation. This similarity-based reasoning generally supports initial phase of idea search. Therefore, this study intends to infer the types of problem solving by tracing the analogy use of verbal and visual representation through a experimental research. According to the result of this research, the types of problem solving by analogy are classified into 'evolving', 'divergent', and 'poor conversion' type. Firstly, 'evolving type' is distinguished between 'combination type' associated different contents to develope a new design and 'transformation type' associated similar words and sketches to be continuously revised and developed. In these types usually structural analogy rather than surface analogy is used. Secondly, in 'divergent type' associated words or sketches are individually represented, and among them one design solution is selected. In this type usually surface analogy is used. Thirdly, in 'poor conversion type' interaction between verbal representation and visual representation does not go on smoothly, and the generation of idea is poor. In here surface analogy is mostly used. These findings could form the basis of skill development of idea generation and conversion in design education.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-77
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• 2007

This paper considers a scheduling problem where a customer orders multiple products(jobs) from a production facility. The objective is to minimize the sum of the order(batch) completion times. While a machine can process only one job at a time, multiple machines can simultaneously process jobs in a batch. Although each job has a unique processing time, we consider the case where batch processing times are identical. This simplification allows us to develop heuristics with improved performance bounds. This problem was motivated by a real world problem encountered by foreign electronics manufacturers. We first establish the complexity of the problem. For the two parallel machine case, we introduce two simple but intuitive heuristics, and find their worst case relative error bounds. One bound is tight and the other bound goes to 1 as the number of orders goes to infinity. However, neither heuristic is superior for all instances. We extend one of the heuristics to an arbitrary number of parallel machines. For a fixed number of parallel machines, we find a worst case bound which goes to 1 as the number of orders goes to infinity. Then, a tighter bound is found for the three parallel machine case. Finally, the heuristics are empirically evaluated.