• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 1986

The present paper deals with obtaining the proper application criteria for the control mode, by using computer graphic simulation, in order to recover the error effectively occurring in the practical supervisory contol work of hyman-robot system. In these experiments the opteations by human and by control program are performed as control modes for recovering the error. And then we compare and analyze tow control modes taking task error and task time as performance measures and task difficulty as a variable factor. Consequently as the task difficulty increases, the task error in the operation by hyman tends to be less than in the operation by control program and the task time is superior in the operation by control program. Therefore, we suggest that two control modes should be used jointly for recovering the error and the operation by control program should be applied in major fraction of control and the operation by human in minor fraction of control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.407-415
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study is to examine the effects of different types of tasks on gait functions of chronic stroke patients when different types of dual tasks were applied while the patients were implementing practical and continuous circuit tasks using their upper and lower extremities circulating many workbenches. METHODS: Forty-four chronic stroke patients were divided into a dual motor circuit task training group, a dual cognitive circuit task training group and a simple task training group. Before training, all the patients were identically encouraged to receive conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes by a physical therapist were thereafter made to train for 30 minutes, five times a week for a total of eight weeks with individual additional tasks. The dual motor circuit task training consisted of continuous circuit training motor tasks and additional motor tasks and the dual cognitive circuit task training consisted of tasks combining the same circuit training motor tasks and additional cognitive tasks. The simple task training consisted of natural walks on a flat terrain to the front, rear and lateral sides of the terrain. Changes in functional gait abilities made through the training were evaluated using GAITRite. SPSS Win 12.0 was used for the data analysis. RESULTS: As for the gait variables that showed significant differences in comparison between the groups over the training period, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more significant differences than the dual cognitive circuit task training group and the simple task training group at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training(p<.05). CONCLUSION: Therefore, it could be seen that the practical and continuous dual circuit task training was more effective than simple task training on gait. In comparison between the types of dual tasks, the dual motor circuit task training group showed more effects than the dual cognitive circuit task training group.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2003

In this paper, task control architecture is proposed for a mobile robot with behaviors based on cognition theory to endow the robot intelligence. In the task control architecture, task manager is introduced especially for the management of computational resource. The management is based on classical RMS (Rate Monotonic Strategy), but with online rate modulation strategy. The rate modulation is performed using the value variances of behavior execution for the task. Because the values are based on natively uncertain sensor information, they are modeled using PDF (probability Density Function). As a rate modulation process, the range of the rate modulation is defined firstly by real-time constraints of RMS and discrete control stability of behaviors. With the allowable range, rate modulations are performed considering harmonic bases to maintain utilization bound without decrease. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed rate modulation strategy, a simulation test is performed to compare the efficiency between the control architecture with the proposed strategy and previous one. A performance index with the formalization of propensity of resource allocation is proposed and utilized for the simulation test. To evaluate the appropriateness of the performance index, the performance index is compared with practical one through a practical simulation test.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-126
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• 2014

Tourism industry increasingly rely on information technology (IT) to improve the task performance. Many studies suggested that the evidence of IT showed not only task performance improvement but also organizational performance. Drawing from the resource-based view, technology and task fitness, and marketing orientation theories, this study proposes that IT use influences directly the task performance and proved the effectiveness of IT in the organizations of tourism industry. Further, the innovativeness, resources, and marketing orientation are identified as main determinants of IT use. The use of IT can serve as a catalyst in improving task performance for organizations in tourism industry. Based on data collected from surveying people who work in the tourism industry, the present study shed light on these issues. The findings provide a new perspective of IT effectiveness in the tourism industry. Then, we discussed the theoretical and practical implications.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2003

Today, corporate knowledge plays a critical role in obtaining competitive advantage. It is often pointed out that corporate knowledge is expected to be able to support various efforts for process innovation. Accordingly, it is important to establish a systematic infrastructure for the acquisition of knowledge which can support business-critical tasks effectively. From this motivation, this paper proposes a framework to guide a series of acquisition procedures for task knowledge and shows how to intemperate with activities for an innovation purpose. Moreover, the useful components of task knowledge are proposed; the schema of the components is ultimately implemented as a repository in a system for the management of task knowledge. To demonstrate the practical usefulness of the framework and the schema components, a real-life case is illustrated.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.341-362
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the qualitative characteristics of pre-service teachers' motivation while they are participating in group activities for developing mathematical essay assessment problem and revising it. For this purpose, we analyzed individual factors about group learning activities as well as contextual factors about practical competency (in developing and revising mathematical essay assessment problem through collecting data of student responses to the problem). As results of data analyses, autonomy, among individual factors regarding group learning activities, was one of the main characteristics in attainment value, utility value, and intrinsic value, whereas task, authority, and grouping, among contextual factors regarding practical competency, appeared to have a positive impact on task value. These results suggest how to think of specific ideas and articulate them in designing a curriculum to develop student-evaluation expertise for pre-service teachers.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.179-200
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• 2007

In this research, we study how task and KMS fit influences on KMS performance in large corporations during its practical use. Based on the task-technology fit theory and information system success model, we developed a research model by considering the characteristics of KMS for supporting tasks. We try to verify how individual traits, task traits, and KMS Units affect task-KMS fit and how task KMS fit influences on KMS performance. We surveyed 212 employees who were using KMS and working for the large-sized manufacturing firms. We analyzed the collected data from LISREL 8.54 for Windows, and found the following significant results. First user satisfaction is increased when KMS provides knowledge to help to perform task rather than KMS' functionality. Second, user satisfaction is increased when KMS is suitable for performing task Hence, we verified task-KMS fit is an antecedent of user satisfaction. Third, task-KMS fit and user satisfaction have significant impacts on KMS performance. And user satisfaction affected more heavily on KMS performance than task-KMS fit did. As a result, we realized an individual performance can be improved when task KMS fit is high and, consequently, user satisfaction is increased. Forth while the usefulness of task-KMS fit is demonstrated, causal factors such as individual traits, task traits, and KMS traits significantly affect task-KMS fit. Formalization and knowledge trait we significant in enhancing user satisfaction, but KMS self-efficacy, autonomy, md system trait are not. These results indicate that task-KMS fit variable is useful as a measure of KMS performance as well as that of user satisfaction. Based on these results, we conclude that when KMS supports task activity, performance can be significantly improved by coordinating the task with KMS.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.56-60
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• 1997

The study of human erroneous actions has traditionally taken place along two different lines of approach. One has been concerned with finding and explaining the causes of erroneous actions, such as studies in the psychology of "error". The other has been concerned with the qualitative and quantitative prediction of possible erroneous actions, exemplified by the field of human reliability analysis (HRA). Another distinction is also that the former approach has been dominated by an academic point of view, hence emphasising theories, models, and experiments, while the latter has been of a more pragmatic nature, hence putting greater emphasis on data and methods. We have been developing a method to make predictions about error modes. The input to the method is a detailed task description of a set of scenarios for an experiment. This description is then analysed to characterise thd nature of the individual task steps, as well as the conditions under which they must be carried out. The task steps are expressed in terms of a predefined set of cognitive activity types. Following that each task step is examined in terms of a systematic classification of possible error modes and the likely error modes are identified. This effectively constitutes a qualitative analysis of the possibilities for erroneous action in a given task. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions, the data from a large scale experiment were analysed. The experiment used the full-scale nuclear power plant simulator in the Halden Man-Machine Systems Laboratory (HAMMLAB) and used six crews of systematic performance observations by experts using a pre-defined task description, as well as audio and video recordings. The purpose of the analysis was to determine how well the predictions matiched the actually observed performance failures. The results indicated a very acceptable rate of accuracy. The emphasis in this experiment has been to develop a practical method for qualitative performance prediction, i.e., a method that did not require too many resources or specialised human factors knowledge. If such methods are to become practical tools, it is important that they are valid, reliable, and robust.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

For practical education, many practices using various practical equipments have to be provided to students. In this study, the application of learning curve to represent student's learning process in a practical education using a equipment was studied. Learning curve model was originally developed in production management and based on human performance in human factors aspects. In this study, the application of learning curve model was studied on the eye tracking system, which is used to evaluate the usability of a product in design area. As a case study for its applicability, practical education for eye tracking system was provided to three students and then task completion times were measured for hardware system setup and gaze image recording. Learning curves were estimated for two tasks and then task completion times were predicted using the learning curves. Through ANOVA(analysis of variance) and correlation analysis, the applicability of learning curve to practical education was analysed. As the result, learning curve could be effectively applied to practical eduacation using equipment.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.296-307
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• 2014

As an educational trial for pursuit of educational excellence in the disadvantaged gifted, this study was to explore learning styles and task preferences by student's grade and gender. Furthermore, this study sought to present the practical basis to develop programs for disadvantaged gifted students. Total 153 disadvantage gifted students responded items of the Learning Styles Inventory-III and the Task Preferences Scale, which responses were analyzed by student's grade and gender in using MANOVA. As the results, the 1st grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Direct instruction, Technology, and Learning games to the higher grade level students. There were significant differences in task preferences by students' grade level. The 4th grade disadvantaged gifted students preferred Creative tasks and Difficult tasks more than other grade level students.