• 멤브레인
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

본 연구는 직접메탄을 연료전지(Direct Methanol Fuel Cell)에 적용가능한 양이온교환막 개발에 관한 것으로 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)에 가교제로 poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) (PAM)와 hydroquinonesulfonic acid (HQSA)를 이용하여 가교제의 함량을 변화시키면서 막을 제조하였다. 제조한 막은 가교제의 함량 변화에 따라 메탄을 투과도, 이온전도도를 측정하였으며 기본적인 이온교환막의 특성인 함수율, 이온교환용량 그리고 고정이온농도 등을 측정하였다. PAM 함량이 증가함에 따라 메탄을 투과도와 이온전도도 및 함수율이 조금 증가하는 추세를 보이다 9 wt%부터 감소하는 경향을 보였는데 이는 PAM의 친수성기보다는 가교효과의 영향이라 사료되며 HQSA 함량을 변화시켰을 때는 이온전도도, 함수율 그리고 이온교환용량이 전반적으로 증가하였는데 그 증가폭은 미비하였다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2005

In this research, we investigated hydrolysis of the ester crosslinking on cotton fabric treated with polymer of maleic acid(PMA), citric acid(CA) and combination of polymer of maleic acid and citric acid using Fourier transform infrared spectroscophy. The rate of hydrolysis of the ester crosslinkage increased with pH regardless of the type of polycarboxylic acid used and even after hydrolysis for 256 hour in pH 13_4 solution, the treated fabric retained $10-20\%$ ester crosslinkage. The durability to alkaline hydrolysis of the ester crosslinkage formed by CA was lower than that of by PMA and combination of poly(maleic acid) and citric acid indicating that the ester formed by CA on the cotton fabric is more susceptible to hydrolysis than that formed by PMA and combination of PMA and CA. The total amount of ester and polycarboxylic acid molecules removed from fabric increased with increasing hydrolysis time but the rate of hydrolysis of ester linkage were higher than that of removal of polycarboxylic acid molecule from the fabric. The characteristic of hydrolysis of fabric treated with combination of PMA and CA was related with the mixing ratio of PMA and CA in treating fabric.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2003

Low molecular weight copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinyl acetate were prepared to develop formaldehyde free cross-linking agents. Since lower molecular weight is favorable for efficient penetration of the finishing agent into the cotton fibers in the padding process, the concentration of the initiator, chain transfer agent and the monomer ratios were varied to obtain copolymers of low molecular weights. The prepared polymers were characterized by GPC, $^1{H-NMR}$, FTIR, DSC and TGA. Copolymers of molecular weights of 2 000 to 10 000 were obtained and it was found that the most efficient method of controlling the molecular weight was by varying the monomer ratios. Poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) did not dissolve in water, but the maleic anhydride residue hydrolyzed within a few minutes to form poly(maleic acid-co-vinyl acetate) and dissolved in water. However, the maleic acid units undergo dehydration to form anhydride groups on heating above ${160}^{\circ}C$ to some extent even in the absence of catalysts. The possibility of using the copolymers as durable press finishing agent for cotton fabric was investigated. Lower molecular weight poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers were more efficient in introducing crease resistance, which appears to be due to the more efficient penetration of the cross-linking agent into cotton fabrics. The wrinkle recovery angles of cotton fabrics treated with poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers were slightly lower than those treated with DMDHEU and were higher when higher curing temperatures or higher concentrations of copolymer were used, and when catalyst, $NaH_2$$PO_2$, was added. The strength retention of the poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) treated cotton fabrics was excellent.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.659-662
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• 2008

A new and useful poly(ethylene oxide)-based pH-sensitive block copolymer is introduced. Poly(ethylene oxide-b-N-phenylmaleimide) was first synthesized by anionic polymerization of N-phenylmaleimide (N-PMI) using mixed alkali metal polymeric alkoxide by sequential monomer addition method in the mixture of benzene/THF/DMSO (10/5/3, v/v/v) at room temperature. Reductive deimidation of the resulting block copolymer was performed using hydrazine monohydrate leading to the formation of the corresponding pH-sensitive poly(ethylene oxide-b-maleic acid).

• 폴리머
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.519-523
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• 2004

폴리락트산과 상용성을 높이기 위해 전분에 무수 말레산을 그래프팅한 변성 전분을 제조하여 폴리락트산과 혼합하였다. DSC와 TGA 열적거동에서 폴리락트산/변성 전분 혼합체는 폴리락트산에서 관찰되는 172$^{\circ}C$에서의 용융 피크 외에 1$65^{\circ}C$에서 새로운 용융 피크가 관찰되었으며, 열분해 곡선에서는 폴리락트산/변성 전분 혼합체의 분해 온도가 보다 완만하게 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기계적 강도의 측정에서는 폴리락트산/변성 전분이 폴리락트산/전분 혼합체와 비교하여 탄성률이 약 12% 증가하였으며, 이는 SEM 이미지에서 나타난 바와 같이 폴리락트산과 변성 전분의 계면 접착력이 향상되었기 때문으로 사료된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.719-726
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• 2015

For a decade, solution-processed functional materials and various printing technologies have attracted increasingly the significant interest in realizing low-cost flexible electronics. In this study, Cu nanoparticles are synthesized via the chemical reduction of Cu ions under inert atmosphere. To prevent interparticle agglomeration and surface oxidation, oleic acid is incorporated as a surface capping molecule and hydrazine is used as a reducing agent. To endow water-compatibility, the surface of synthesized Cu nanoparticles is modified by a mixture of carboxyl-terminated anionic polyelectrolyte and polyoxylethylene oleylamine ether. For reducing the surface tension and the evaporation rate of aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks, the solvent composition of Cu nanoparticle ink is designed as DI water:2-methoxy ethanol:glycerol:ethylene glycol = 50:20:5:25 wt%. The effects of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) as an adhesion promoter(AP) on rheology of aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks and adhesion of Cu pattern printed on polyimid films are investigated. The 40 wt% aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks with 0.5 wt% of Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) show the "Newtonian flow" and has a low viscosity under $10mPa{\cdots}S$, which is applicable to inkjet printing. The Cu patterns with a linewidth of $50{\sim}60{\mu}m$ are successfully fabricated. With the addition of Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), the adhesion of printed Cu patterns on polyimid films is superior to those of patterns prepared from Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid)-free inks. The resistivities of Cu films are measured to be $10{\sim}15{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at annealing temperature of $300^{\circ}C$.

• 멤브레인
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

폴리비닐알콜을 고분자계 가교제인 폴리아크릴산-말레산 공중합체를 이용하여 가교제의 농도를 변화시키면서 가교하여 막을 제조하였다. 제조한 막은 FT-IR과 수팽윤도 측정을 통하여 가교반응을 확인하였으며, 가교제 농도 증가에 따라서 수팽윤도가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 고분자가교제인 폴리아크릴산-말레산 공중합체로 가교된 폴리비닐알콜 막은 글루탈알데히드로 가교된 폴리비닐알콜이나 변성 폴리비닐알콜 막에 비해서 수팽윤도가 감소하였다. 이는 고분자가교제에 의한 화학적가교와 더불어 물리적인 가교효과가 증가하여 막의 팽윤을 억제하기 때문으로 사료된다. 에탄올수용액에 대한 투과증발실험 결과 가교제의 농도가 증가할수록 선택도는 증가하며, 투과유량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 공급액 중의 물의 농도가 증가할수록 선택도는 약간 감소하나 투과유량은 급격히 증가하고, 공급액 중의 물의 농도가 증가하여도 가소화현상이 나타나지 않는 것을 관찰하였다. 이는 고분자가교제에 의한 팽윤억제 메카니즘이 작용하기 때문으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2015

The surface rheological properties of polymer monolayer show complicated non-linear viscoelastic flow phenomena when they are subjected to spreading flow. These spreading flow properties are controlled by the characteristics of flow units. The kinetics of the formation of an interfacial film obtained after spreading poly(diisobutylene maleic acid) at air-water interface were studied by measuring of the surface pressure with time. The experimental data were analyzed theoretically according to a nonlinear surface viscoelastic model. The values of dynamic modulus, static modulus, surface viscosities and rheological parameters in various area/ monomer were obtained by appling experimental data to the equation of nonlinear surface viscoelastic model.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2016

In this study, to improve the water flux of porous hydrophobic membranes, various water-soluble polymers including neutral, cationic and anionic polymers were adsorbed using 'salting-out' method. The adsorbed hydrophobic membrane surfaces were characterized mainly via the measurements of contact angles and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. To enhance the durability of the modified membranes, the water-soluble polymers such poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and found to be resistant for more than 2 months in vigorously stirred water. The water flux was much more increased when the ionic polymers used as the coating materials rather than the neutral polymer and in this case, about 70% of $0.31L/m^2{\cdot}h$ (LMH) to 0.50 LMH was increased when 300 mg/L of polyacrylamide (PAAm) was used as the coating agents. Among the cationic coating polymers such as poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA_MA), poly(acrylic acid-comaleic acid) (PAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), PSSA_MA was found to be the best in terms of contact angle and water flux. In the case of PSSA_MA, the water flux was enhanced about 80%. The low concentration of the coating solution was better to hydrophilize while the high concentration inclined to block the pores on the membrane surfaces. The best coating condition was found: (1) coating concentration 150 to 300 mg/L, (2) ionic strength 0.15, (3) coating time 20 min.

• 멤브레인
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 공기 중의 수분을 선택적으로 제거하기 위해 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) 에 가교제로서 poly(styrene sulfonic acid-eo-maleic acid) (PSSA-MA)와 막의 물에 대한 선택적 분리 특성을 향상시키기 위해 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (THS-PSA) 를 첨가하여 막을 제조하였다. PSSA_MA 와 THS-PSA의 양과 가교온도를 변화시켜 가며 막을 제조하였다. 또한 제조된 막의 분리특성을 살펴보기 위해 동적증기용해도와 증기투과 실험을 수행하였다. 동적증기용해도 실험으로부터 가교온도의 증가는 평형 용해 상태에 도달하는데 더 오래 걸리는 것을 알 수 있었다. $120^{\circ}C$에서 제조 된 PVA/PSSA_MA (3%)/THA-PSA(7%) 막이 $35^{\circ}C$에서 가장 투과도가 높은 480 barrer를 나타내었다.