• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 1989

The effects of the alloying elements and cooling rates on the formation of phosphide eutectics of compacted vermicular graphite cast irons containing copper, tin, molybdenum for producing pearlitic matrix, and also containing phosphorus and boron for increasing wear resistance, were investigated. The liquidus phosphide eutectic was found to solidify as a pseudo-binary phosphide eutectic, but with increasing of the cooling rate non-equlibrium phosphide eutectic with needle type carbide could be formed. However, the liquidus phosphide eutectic containing both phosphorus and carbide-forming boron was found to solidify always as a non-equlibrium phosphide eutectic with coarse carbide, independent from the cooling rate. It was also confirmed that the tiny isolated phase observed by SEM was gamma iron solid solution with phosphorus, silicon, molybdenum and the matrix containing these tiny islands was phosphide phase containing manganese and molybdenum. The addition of copper was found to decrease the tendency of forming ledeburitic carbides in the phosphide eutectic.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 2011

Aluminum phosphide is commonly used as a rodenticidal agent in agricultural workplaces. However, reported cases of aluminum phosphide poisoning in Korea are rare. Upon contact with moisture in the air, aluminum phosphide releases highly toxic phosphine gas ($PH_3$). $PH_3$ is readily absorbed through lung epithelium and into the bloodstream. Phosphine may cause denaturing of oxyhemoglobin and enzymes important to respiration and metabolism, and also may effect cellular membranes. There are numerous complications associated with acute aluminum phosphide poisoning including gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiac toxicities. We report the case of a 46-year-old man who suffered from respiratory and cardiac toxicities after unintentional aluminum phosphide exposure. More intensive education for prevention is recommended.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.284-288
• /
• 2014

We present tapered nanostructures fabricated on a selective area of gallium phosphide substrates for advanced optoelectronic device applications. A lithography-free fabrication process was accomplished by dry etching of metal nanoparticles. Thermal dewetting of micro-patterned metal thin films provides etch masks for tapered nanostructures. This simple process also allows the formation of plasmonic surfaces with corrugated shapes. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis calculations provide design guidelines for tapered nanostructures on gallium phosphide substrates.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2018

In this study, we investigated the composition of an electrolytic Fe phosphide at different synthesis temperatures. We found that the ratio of Fe in the electrodeposit increases with synthesis temperature, whereas the oxygen content introduced into the electrodeposit by the atmospheric oxidation of Fe decreases. The aim of this study was to identify the reason for this effect. For this purpose, the ratio of Fe and P in the electrodeposits prepared at different temperatures was analyzed in depth. In addition, the types and ratios of Fe phosphide phases were considered. It was proved that with increase in temperature, a significant amount of Fe reacted with P to form Fe phosphide phases, and consequently, the amount of residual pure Fe that would react directly with oxygen decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.27-30
• /
• 2002

Boron Phosphide films were deposited on the glass substrate at the low temperature, $550^{\circ}C$, $480^{\circ}C$, by the reaction of $B_{2}H_{6}$, with $PH_{3}$ using CVD. The reactant gas rates were 50 cc/min and 20 cc/min for $B_{2}H_{6}$, 50 cc/min and 40 cc/min for $PH_{3}$ and $1.5\ell$/min for $N_{2}$ carrier gas. The films were annealed for 1hour, 3hours in $N_{2}$ ambient at $550^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$. The deposition rate was $1000{\AA}$/min and the refractive index of film was 2.6. From results of XRD measurement the films have the preferred orientation of (1 0 1). For as deposited the film, the data of VIS spectrophotometer show 75.49%, 76.71% for 1hr-annealed and 86.4% for 3hrs-annealed. From AFM datas the surface condition of obtained films are was shown $73{\AA}$, $88.9{\AA}$ and $220{\AA}$ for as-deposited, for 1hr-annealed and for 3hr annealed, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.532-536
• /
• 2005

GC-NPD analysis was performed on residues of aluminium phosphide in raw wheat and wheat products by trapping gaseous phosphine in the headspace of vessel. In Australian wheat, over 95% of samples were detected below 1 ppb, considered as safe level, whereas in American wheat, about 70% of 58 samples were detected within 1-10 ppb with 4 showing over 10 ppb. About 14-22% phosphine residues of raw wheat were retained after milling process. Wheat samples of same origin showed significant varying levels of phosphine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1973

Gallium phosphide light emitting diode (LED) has been fabricated first time for pilot lamp and numeric display purposes. Bright red light is obtained in forward bias at very low current of one to five mA. A typical p-n junction is formed by liquid phase epitaxial growth on a n-type gallium physphide substrate. The crystal growth is achieved at about 1300$^{\circ}$K after the equilibrium of the gallium solution followed by tipping operation. The ohmic contact is made by wire bonding by thermal compression technique. The entire process is well fit for laboratory scale to fabricate a few hundred diodes for mainly demonstration purpose. For mass production, a large sum of the capital investment is required. The great merit of gallium phosphide LED is at low current operation, and green light emission is also obtainable by nitrogen doping.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.155-164
• /
• 2020

Here we report our preliminary results about nickel phosphide (Ni-P) electroless coating on the surface of cellulose paper (CP) and its feasibility as the anode for lithium (Li) batteries. In particular, CP can act as a flexible skeleton to maintain the mechanical structure, and the Ni-P film can play the roles of both the anode substrate and the active material in Li batteries. Ni-P films with different P contents were plated uniformly and compactly on the microfiber strands of CP. When they were tested as the anode for Li battery, their theoretical capacity per physical area was comparable to or higher than hypothetical pure graphite and P film electrodes having the same thickness. After the large irreversible capacity loss in the first charge/discharge process, the samples showed relatively reversible charge/discharge characteristics. All samples showed no separation of the plating layer and no detectable micro-cracks after cycling. When the charge cut-off voltage was adjusted, their capacity retention could be improved significantly. The electrochemical result was just about the same before and after mechanical bending with respect to the overall shape of voltage curve and capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.165-166
• /
• 2006

Boron phosphide thin films were prepared on the glass substrate from boron and phosphorous alkoxide precursors by sol-gel processing. Boron phosphide sol with equivalent ratio $(CH_3O_3)B$ : $C_{18}H_{15}P$ = 13 : 2 was selected. Films spin-coated at 4000 rpm for 30 s were coated uniformly. Decomposition and crystallization behavior were examined using DSC/TGA and XRD. The films were sintered at 250, 300 and $400^{\circ}C$. It was determined that crystal structure has a rhombohedral phase. The microstructure of thin film was observed using SEM. Thin films approximately showed a visible ray transmittance of 85 %.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 1991