• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.452-457
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• 2012

Diketoreductase (DKR) from Acinetobacter baylyi contains two tryptophan residues at positions 149 and 222. Trp-149 and Trp-222 are located along the entry path of substrate into active site and at the dimer interface of DKR, respectively. Single and double substitutions of these positions were generated to probe the roles of tryptophan residues. After replacing Trp with Ala and Phe, biochemical and biophysical characteristics of the mutants were thoroughly investigated. Enzyme activity and substrate binding affinity of W149A and W149F were remarkably decreased, suggesting that Trp-149 regulates the position of substrate at the binding site. Meanwhile, enzyme activity of W222F was increased by 1.7-fold while W222A was completely inactive. In addition to lower thermostability of Trp-222 mutants, molecular modeling of the mutants revealed that Trp-222 is vital to protein folding and dimerization of the enzyme.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.196.2-196.2
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• 2000

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2012

Cosmetics using natural materials which was purchased in retail stores, distributed in Gyeonggi province(32 samples) and online through internet(24 samples) were analyzed by pesticide residues and target preservatives for assessing the safety of it. Natural or organic certifications was identified in 22 samples among 56 samples and most of them were Ecocert. Pesticide residues was detected in 3 samples among 56 samples and each compound and concentration was permethrin(0.6 mg/kg), tricyclazole(11.7 mg/kg) and malathion(0.05 mg/kg). All of it was purchased through internet. Target preservatives was detected in 13 samples among 56 samples and one of them was over the maximum allowed concentration and the rest of them were within the maximum allowed concentration of the respective preservatives. The compound which was over the maximum allowed concentration was benzoic acid and compounds which were within the maximum allowed concentration were sorbic acid, benzoic acid and methylparaben. They were all identified substances in products and the number of detected preservatives in retail stores were higher than online samples purchased through internet. As a result of this study, The method of analyzing pesticide residues and limit in cosmetics using natural materials should be set up as soon as possible and the monitoring about preservatives in cosmetics using natural materials should be conducted on continuously.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.801-806
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• 2010

The existence of glycine residues in long-chain scorpion toxins has been well documented. However, their role as analgesics has not been evaluated. To address this issue, we investigated the functional role of glycines in the C-terminal end of Chinese-scorpion toxin from Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK AGP-SYPU2) using site-directed mutagenesis and analgesic activity assays. Recombinant BmK AGP-SYPU2 and its mutants were efficiently expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) and cation exchange chromatography. The mouse-twisting test was used to detect the analgesic activity of BmK AGP-SYPU2 and its mutants. As a result, we identified glycines at the C-terminal end that, when altered, significantly affected analgesic activity. Also, Mut6566 was significantly decreased compared to BmK AGP-SYPU2. These data indicate that the glycines at the C-terminal end are important for the analgesic activity of BmK AGP-SYPU2.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

HP1423 (Y1423_HELPY) is a conserved hypothetical protein from H. pylori strain 26695. However, Sequence Blast result indicates that HP1423 belongs to S4 (PF01479) superfamily. According to Pfam database, the S4 domain is a small domain consisting of 60-65 amino acid residues, that probably mediates binding to RNA. In this study, we report the sequence-specific backbone resonance assignment of HP1423, which has 84 amino acid residues. We could assign unambiguously about 88% of all $^{1}H_{N}$, $^{15}N$, $^{13}C_{\alpha}$, $^{13}C_{\beta}$ and $^{13}C=O$ resonances. We could not detect the resonances from residues 15-20, and disappearance of these peaks seems to be related with the intermediate-conformational exchange. These assigned NMR peaks of HP1423 can be used for studying the role of protein dynamics in millisecond timescale, and Protein-RNA binding.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.397-414
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• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2018

Improper disposal of herb residues in China has caused severe problems to the surrounding environment and human safety. Three herb residues, i.e., compound Kushen injection residues (CKI) and part one and part two of Qizhitongluo Capsule residues (QC1 and QC2, respectively), were used for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus. The effect of the supplementation of corncobs (CC) with different herb residues on yield, nutritional composition, and antioxidant activity of P. ostreatus was investigated. Compared to the control, the higher mycelial growth rate was observed on substrates CC +30% CKI and CC +30% QC1, while the higher yield was obtained from substrates CC +30% QC2 and CC +30% CKI. Moreover, chemical analysis of fruit bodies revealed that the addition of herb residues to CC significantly increased proteins, amino acids, ashes, minerals (Na and Ca), and total phenolic contents but significantly reduced carbohydrates and $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH radicals. In addition, no heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) were detected in the fruiting bodies harvested from different substrate combinations. These results demonstrated that mixtures of CC with herb residues might be utilized as a novel, practical, and easily available substrate for the cultivation of P. ostreatus, which is beneficial for the effective management of herb residues.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5800-5808
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• 2013

The anti-obesity effect of soybean curd residues (biji) fermented by seven Aspergillus spp. was investigated with obese ICR mice fed a high-fat diet. After inducing obesity by feeding high-fat diet for 5 weeks, animals were fed with a high fat diet supplemented with 2% fermented soybean curd residues for 6 weeks. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, Alanine transaminase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic content of glutathione and lipid peroxide were determined. In the case of body weight, AE4 group showed most prominent decrease (31.33%, P<0.05) and increase of hepatic GSH and ALT demonstrated hyperlipidemia inhibition. From the results, it is concluded that soybean curd residues fermented by Aspergillus spp. has anti-obesity effect and it is thought that fermented soybean curd resides can reduce obesity in human significantly.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 1998

Prions cause neurodegenerative diseases in animals and humans. The scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) is the major-possibly only-component of the infectious prion and is generated from the cellular isoform (PrPC) by a conformational change. Limited proteolysis of PrPSc produces an polypeptide comprised primarily of residues 90 to 231, which retains infectivity. The three-dimensional structure of rPrP(90-231), a recombinant protein resembling PrPC with the Syrian hamster (SHa) sequence, was solved using multidimensional NMR. Low-resolution structures of rPrP(90-231), synthetic peptides up to 56 residues, a longer (29-231, full-length) protein with SHa sequence, and a short here further structure refinement of rPrP(90-231) and dynamic features of the protein. Consideration of these features in the context of published data suggests regions of conformational heterogeneity, structural elements involved in the PrPC\longrightarrowPrPSc transformation, and possible structural features related to a species barrier to transmission of prion diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2023

The biological half-life and dissipation rate of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were calculated to establish the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs). The pesticide residues were calculated after washing with five different processes to propose an effective process in the household and conducted a risk assessment to confirm dietary safety. Azoxystrobin was sprayed according to the critical good agricultural practices (cGAP) in two different field trials, and the samples were harvested 7 times. The limit of quantitation was 0.02 mg/kg, and the mean recoveries of azoxystrobin were within the range of 70~120% with below 20% coefficient variation at the concentration of 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg . The biological half-lives were 7.4 and 4.7 days, and the dissipation rate constants were 0.0872 and 0.1217 in fields 1 and 2, respectively. The average removal rates were 58.13~78.13% by the different washing processes, and there were significant differences between the washing processes (one-way ANOVA analysis and post-hoc Duncan test, p-value<0.05). The residues of azoxystrobin in crown daisy were safe levels from farm to fork after application with the critical good agricultural practice (cGAP) registered in Korea.