• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2016

Purpose: Gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body weight are important factors of childbirth outcomes, which further cause obesity, metabolic diseases, or psychological problems later in women's lives. Changes in diet, westernized lifestyle, traditional postpartum care, and childbirth at older age are thought to be threats to proper weight management in Korean women of reproductive age. Public health and antenatal care need to focus on the proper body weight management of women by carefully planning pregnancy to postpartum periods. Purpose: This study explored the body weight changes from pregnancy to postpartum and the related characteristics in women within 12 months after childbirth. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted with 102 Korean women within 12 months after childbirth. Data were collected using an online survey system, and a structured questionnaire available for electronic self-administration was modified to include demographics, obstetrical history, and body weight at 6 time points. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Eating Habit Measurement instruments were also used in data collection. A professional survey agency recruited the participants, and data were automatically saved and then analyzed. Results: The average age of the participants was 33.8 years, 48% were housewives and were well-educated. Seventy-two percent of the participants were primiparas and 82% had breastfed their babies. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 17.3 to 27.8, indicating that 21.5% of the participants were overweight or obese. The mean gestational weight gain was 11.8 kg, and weight loss was apparent during the first 3 months postpartum. The mean decline in weight was 3.4 kg at one year after childbirth. Women wanted to lose 5.6 kg (range: 3~20 kg), however 44% of them reported that they had not engaged in any weight control efforts. Further, 72% of them reported having engaged in a low level of physical activity. Body weight was not associated with women's characteristics, physical activity score, and diet. Conclusion: Women's awareness of gestational weight gain, lifestyle modification, and the risk of prolonged weight retention should be promoted through the antenatal and women's healthcare systems. As pregnancy and childbirth are critical events that affect women's health, integrative education to ensure healthy transition to life after delivery is required.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Objective: To investigate adverse pregnancy outcomes in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with obese-PCOS and control groups. Methods: Women with PCOS who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) from August, 2003 to December, 2007, were considered. A total of 336 women with PCOS were included in the study group and 1,003 infertile women who had tubal factor as an indication for ART were collected as controls. They were divided into four groups: a non-obese PCOS group, obese-PCOS group, non-obese tubal factor group, and obese tubal factor group, with obesity defined by a body mass index over 25 kg/$m^2$, and reviewed focusing on the basal characteristics, ART outcomes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results: There was no difference among the groups' the clinical pregnancy rate or live birth rate. Regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes, the miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, and prevalence of preterm delivery and pregnancy induced hypertension were not different among the four groups. The incidence of small for gestational age infant was higher in the PCOS groups than the tubal factor groups ($p$ <0.02). On the other hand, the morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was not high in the non-obese PCOS group but was in the obese groups. And in the obese PCOS group, the newborns were heavier than in the other groups ($p$ <0.02). Conclusion: Non-obese PCOS presents many differences compared with obese PCOS, not only in the IVF-parameters but also in the morbidity of adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in GDM and fetal macrosomia.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The result of the study for essential oil(Bergamot, Grapefruit essential oil)'s Anaiysis of Blood Serum Epidermis proteins by exposure of nature lays on treatments are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference between control group and the groups treated by essential oil in feed efficiency, but in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. Water intake of the groups treated by Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oil without treatment by sun cream is higher than that of any other group. It is presented that the effect of losing water of the surface of skin is related to the balance effect of water. 2. As a result of serum analysis without applied UV-rays, the total cholesterol in the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is higher than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil. It is showed that the dissolution of cellulite of Grapefruit essential oil is stronger than that of Bergamot essential oil. After applied UV-rays, however, the change of total cholesterol of the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is lower than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, namely, the group treated by Bergamot essential oil drops is used to make sebum membrane on the surface of skin, so the quantity of influx into blood vessel was low. With the result that, atherosclerotic index(A.I) also was low in the group treated by Grapefruit essential oil. In the aspect of increasing cholesterol for obesity treatment, it was judged that the effect of treatment with Bergamot essential oil is somewhat slower than that with Grapefruit essential oil, but it is safer than the effect of treatment with Grapefruit essential oil in the aspect of health. 3. As a result of protein analysis, the groups applied UV-rays in the group of treated by Bergamot essential oil, the biggest change of protein's band was appeared under part of 20.0 1Kd in the change pattern of protein. As the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was similar to that of the groups of the control, it was showed that the effect of sun cream can prevent the change of the composition of skin. In the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, after the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil applied UV-rays, the biggest change of protein's bend was appeared the upper part of 43Kd in the change pattern of protein. It was also judged that it means the change of the composition of skin. However, the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was also similar to that of the groups of the control. Eventually, it was also showed that it can prevent the change of the composition of skin by the effect of sun cream.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluated musculoskeletal subjective symptoms and the degree of stress of industrial workers to present fundamental materials of preventive oriental medicine for improving their health and quality of life. During the medical examination with oriental medicine method, presence of subjective symptoms of musculoskeletal pain, Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) and life style were checked by using questionnaire method in 474 industrial workers. The collected data were analyzed with crosstabs, ANOVA and T-test. The results were as follows; 1. In general differences according to musculoskeletal subjective symptoms, education level of high school graduation had significantly higher distribution than that of below middle school or above university graduation in the pain present group. 2. In the musculoskeletal subjective symptoms and the degree of stress, all of Factor1, Factor2. Factor3, Factor4. and PWI had higher score in pain present group than in pain free group and the difference was statistically significant. 3. According to degree of stress and general character of subjects, single and education level of high school graduation had high score in Factor2, Factor3 and PWI. Factor1 and Factor3 was high in income group of low 1.49 million won. Factor2, Factor4, and PWI was high significantly in income group of 1.50 - 2.99 million won. In job type, manufacturing worker group had significantly high score in Factor3. 4. In degree of stress and life style difference, there was significant difference in PWI score in the field of alcohol chinking, smoking, exercise, obesity except sleeping hours. In the present study. as a result, it is found out that musculoskeletal subjective symptoms present group had higher score in psychosocial stress across the fields than symptom-free group and it is recommended that continuous studies on the relationship of job-related musculoskeletal disorders and psychosocial stress should be performed for improvement and prevention of mental and physical health of industrial worke

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.49-63
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight control behaviors, the degree of fatness and dance major on behalf of finding the effects of eating disorders. 779 female high school students, 283 dance major students and 496 general major students, were participated in the study. A self-reporting type of questionnaire survey was conducted during the period from $6^{th}$ May to $18^{th}$ April of 2005. Collected data were processed using SPSSW in 12.0; they were analysed through frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows : 1. With regard to the level of eating disorders(EAT-26), 33.9% of risk group of eating disorder female dance students, and 13.7% of risk group of eating disorder female general major students. Weight-control behaviors in this research were 1) weight control concerns, 2) weight control trial, 3) weight control methods (prescription of M.D., ways of weight control), 4) eating habits. First, 56.6% of subjects had high concerns about weight control, and 92% of subjects had tried weight control. Second, only 5.1% of subjects were prescribed by M.D. Third, subjects had been using wrong methods(25.7%) of weigh control such as fasting, using drugs, vomiting, wearing laps etc. Fourth, 42.7% of the subjects had bad eating habits. The degree of fatness was as follows: 1) BMI(Body Mass Index), 2) self report about weight 3) distorted body image. Depending upon the BMI, the subjects with obesity were not found in female dance students; Comparatively, 36.9% of dance students were fat and 1.4% of the students were very fat. In terms of distorted body image, only 14.9% of all subjects were the same between the subjective degree of fatness and the objective degree of fatness. 2. As a result of multiple regression, six variables were found significant($R^2=11.6%$, P < 0.01). Concerns about the weight control significantly influenced on eating disorders(EAT-26). At the same time, major(dance), wrong methods of weight control, distorted body image, prescription of M.D, and eating habits had significantly influenced on eating disorders. This results indicates that the risk of eating disorders among female dancer students was very high. Therefore, professional intervention is needed for female dance students to prevent the eating disorders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.544-552
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the correlation among bone mineral density (BMD), hair and nail calcium and magnesium contents, and nutrient intakes in preschool children in Chungnam district. A total of 111 preschool children (61 boys, 50 girls) measured the anthropometric characteristics, the bone mineral density of carpus using DEXA and hair and nail calcium and magnesium contents were analyzed by ICP spectrometer. The average ages of the study subjects were 55.7 months in boys and 53.0 months in girls (3.8${\~}$7 years). The birth height and weight of subjects were 51.0 cm and 3.3 kg in boys and 50.3cm and 3.2kg in girls, respectively. The average height, weight, $\%$ body fat, and obesity index were 111.6 cm, 19.6 kg, $15.0\%,\;96.1\%$ in boys and 108.6 cm, 18.5 kg, $17.5\%,\;98.1\%$ in girls, respectively. The bone mineral density in carpus was $0.25 g/cm^2$ in boys and $0.24 g/cm^2$ in girls. The hair calcium and magnesium contents were 440.9 ppm, 16.4 ppm in boys and 373.2 ppm, 28.9 ppm in girls. The nail calcium and magnesium contents were 9.4 ppm, 2.1 ppm in boys and 10.4 ppm, 2.4 ppm in girls. The intakes of energy, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A. niacin, and vitamin C did not meet the Korean RDAs. The ultradis and average carpus BMD were positively correlated to the plant calcium intake (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). And the ultradis, distal, and average carpus BMD were positively correlated to the plant iron intake (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, p < 0.05). The average bone mineral density in the carpus was positively correlated to the nail magnesium content (p < 0.05). Therefore, more systematic studies to investigate the roles of iron and calcium intakes, nail magnesium content in bone development of preschool children were required.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.432-444
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) on anthropometric measurements, quality of diets, and blood parameters through the weight loss program in over weight or obese women. The subjects (n=76, $age\;31.1{\pm}8.4y,\;weight\;70.3{\pm}7.9kg,\;BMI\;27.2{\pm}2.4kg/m^2$) without medical disease were treated with MNT 5 times for 12 weeks by dietitian. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, fat mass, lean body mass, triceps and thigh skin-fold thickness, mid-arm, waist, hip and thigh circumference. Dietary assessments were accomplished using 3-days food records, diet quality index (DQI), and dietary pattern. The dietary pattern was assessed by daily energy intakes from breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks of calorie density, and numbers of eating. Blood levels of leptin, lipid profiles (total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol), and insulin were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements decreased significantly after MNT (p<0.001). Waist circumference was reduced most rapidly and tricep skin-fold thickness was reduced most effectively after 12 weeks of MNT. Daily energy intake, calorie density and numbers of eating incidence decreased significantly $0796.4{\pm}395.5\;vs\;1402.9{\pm}217.8\;kcal/day,\;162.3{\pm}56.5\;vs\;113.4{\pm}30.1,\;5.0{\pm}1.4\;vs\;3.8{\pm}0.4$, respectively, p<0.05). The daily energy intake from breakfast and snacks significantly decreased (p<0.001). Calories from snack, calorie density of snack and numbers of snacking also decreased (p<0.05). The mean scores of DQI significantly increased ($7.6{\pm}2.1\;vs\;6.5{\pm}1.6$, p<0.05). The plasma levels of total lipid, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and leptin decreased significantly after MNT ($489.8{\pm}100.4\;vs\;447.0{\pm}87.3mg/dL,\;187.7{\pm}34.0\;vs\;175.9{\pm}31.5mg/dL,\;115.2{\pm}29.2\;vs\;109.2{\pm}26.7mg/dL,\;15.7{\pm}7.6\;vs\;12.4{\pm}5.9ng/mL$, respectively, p<0.05). These results indicate that MNT efficiently reduced the body weight through the changes in dietary intake, dietary patterns and dietary quality. MNT also changed body composition and reduced the levels of plasma lipid, cholesterol and leptin.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.477-493
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• 2005

식사장애(eating discorder)는 비교적 최근에 와서 관심과 흥미의 대상이 되었는데 최근 20년간 이들의 발생빈도의 증가 자체가 이 질병에 대한 전문적이거나 일반적인 관심의 증가를 가져왔다. 이러한 장애는 마른 것에 대한 지나친 욕망이 특징인 신경성 식욕 부진증(anorexia nervosa)과 살찌는 것에 대한 두려움이 특징인 신경성 대식증(bulima nurvosa)으로 나뉘어 진다. 이들 장애에 대한 역학사는 조사방법 및 대상에 따라 차이가 많으나 일반인에서의 신경성 식욕 부진증의 유병율은 $1.0\%\~4.0\%$정도이며 신경성 대식증은 $2\%$ 정도라고 보고되었고 우리나라에서는 일반 대학생을 대상으로 한 연구에서 신경성 식욕부진증이 $0.7\%$, 거식증이 $0.8\%$라고 보고한 바 있으며 이들은 대부분 식습관이 나쁘거나 식사태도 역시 나쁜 경향이 높다고 시사한 바 있다. <중략> 이에 본 연구에서는 식사장애의 유형들을 알아보고 신체적, 정신적으로 올바른 영양섭취와 성장이라는 중요한 시기에 있는 청소년들을 대상으로 식사장애에 대한 위의 두 가지 대표적인 경우를 혼합적으로 문항을 구성하고 이를 체크하여 언제나 확인할 수 있는 식사장애 자가진단 시스템을 구현해 보고자 한다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2019

프래더윌리 증후군과 심장수술 병력을 가진 4세 환아가 외상으로 본과에 내원하였으며 임상검사결과 다발성 우식증과 상악 좌측 유전치의 측방탈구기 관찰되었다. 내원 당일 예방적 항생제 복용 하에서 측방탈구치아를 발치하였고, 구강내의 우식증은 약 4개월에 걸쳐 외래 하에서 보호안정장치 하에서 안정적으로 치료하였다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제 7기 2016년~2018년 자료를 활용하여, 만 12~18세 남녀 청소년 1,068을 대상으로 영양표시 이용여부에 따른 식습관 및 영양소 섭취와 건강행태 등을 비교하여 영양표시 이용과 올바른 식생활 관리를 위한 기초자료로 제공하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과 전체적으로 영양표시를 인지하는 비율은 91.9%였고, 이들 중 영양표시를 이용하는 청소년은 27.9%로 인지율에 비해 이용률이 낮았다. 아침결식률과 외식빈도, 음주, 흡연, 주관적 건강상태의 경우는 영양표시 이용군과 비이용군별 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 영양소 섭취량의 경우 무기질인 칼슘, 인, 칼륨 섭취량은 이용군이 비이용군의 섭취량 보다 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 영양표시 이용군에게서 섭취 영양소 중 단백질(p<0.05), 칼슘(p<0.01), 인(p<0.01), 칼륨(p<0.01)의 섭취기준 비율이 비이용군에 비해 높게 나타났다. EQ-5D index로 분석한 건강 관련 삶의 질 점수는 영양표시 이용군은 0.97점, 비이용군은 0.96점으로 영양표시 이용군의 삶의 질 점수가 비이용군 보다 더 높았다(p<0.001). 이상의 연구결과 청소년들의 식생활 개선과 영양표시제 관련 영양교육이 매우 필요하며, 청소년들의 합리적인 식품선택을 도와주고 영양표시 활용도를 높일 수 있는 체계적인 영양 교육이 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 청소년의 올바른 영양표시 이용과 식생활 관리를 위한 영양교육의 기초자료를 마련하는데 유용한 정보로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.