• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.120-127
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• 1994

To establish an efficient herbicide screening method for purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus) control, its sprouting characteristics, tuber production and responses on several herbicides were investigated under greenhouse condition. The tubers stored at $4^{\circ}C$ after sterilization with the diluted prochloraz(Spotac) solution showed higher sprouting than the non-sterilized did. The harvested tubers were not dormant, and the sterilized tubers which stored at low temperature had a sprouting capability of about 80% after 6 months. If the fresh weight of purple nutsedge tubers was decreased to below 48%, they could not sprout. However, the tubers soaked in water and then stored at low temperature could sprout by 88% even 6 months later. Sprouting and initial growth of tuber were much better at $35^{\circ}C$-day/$25^{\circ}C$-night than at 30/$20^{\circ}C$ or 25/$15^{\circ}C$. The half-sected tubers, which were prepared by setting the intact tuber of above 1.2g latitudinally, were shown similar initial growth to the intact but those sected crucifically were not. These results suggest that the half-sected tuber itself can be used as a material on herbicide screening. About 1000 tubers could be harvested when 10 tubers planted in a pot($56{\times}35{\times}16cm$) filled with the artificial soil were cultivated in greenhouse of $35^{\circ}C$-day/$25^{\circ}C$-night for 3 months(April-July, 1993). Chlorimuron, Bentazon and Norflurazon were selected as the standards for the screening because of providing relatively effective control on purple nutsedge in both soil-surface and foliar spray treatment.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2010

The goal of this study was to characterize the quality and physiological functionality of some traditional rice wines in Chungnam province, Korea. Non-sterilized and commercial sterilized traditional rice wines from five traditional rice wine factories of Chungnam province were collected and investigated for nutritional components, noxious compounds and physiological functionality. Ethanol content ranged from 16.1~18.3% and pH ranged from 3.27~4.76, and they also contained 0.15% to 0.55% of total acid. All traditional rice wines contained 10.15~139.9 mg% of amino nitrogen and 2.5~25.7% of total sugar. Among organic acids, lactic acid was contained 7.4~29.6 mg%, and succinic acid and propionic acid was also contained 0.2~2.7 mg% and 0.7~8.3 mg%, respectively. Antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity were showed 37.0~86.0% in all rice wines, however, fibrinolytic activity, antioxidant activity, SOD-like activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were low or not detected.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.274-279
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• 2013

Slightly acidic hypochlorous water (SAHW) is well known for having a powerful and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, and is harmless to the environment and humans. SAHW (pH 5~6.5, 20~30 ppm available chlorine concentration) was generated by electrolysis of dilute solution of HCl (4%) in a chamber of a non-membrane electrolytic cell. Our objective was to determine SAHW has a potential fungicidal activity on some phytopathogenic fungi. Spores of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora capsici were not culturable on agar media at approximately 10 seconds after treatment by SAHW. However, inactivation of Penicillium hirsutum was required over 3 min. Dilution of SAHW with sterilized distilled water (SDW) at the ratio of 1:1 (SAHW:SDW) against C. acutatum showed 100% inactivation but, the efficacy in 1:2 decreased until 63.2%. Control value of SAHW was 70.4% against C. acutatum on pepper fruits when applied upto 24 h postinoculation. SAHW has a powerful and wide spectrum antifungal activity and could be applied as a potential alternative to fungicidal agent for control of plant disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2001

For the production of healthy shrimp(Penaeus chinensis, Penaeus japonicus) seedlings free from the white spot baculovirus(WSBV), we tried to disinfect shrimp eggs with iodine. A relative hatching rate of over 50% has resulted from the treatments of fertilized eggs of fresh shrimps(P. chinensis) with an effective povidon-iodine concentration of 20-200 ppm for 30 seconds and 60 seconds, respectively. The 60 sec treatment group with a 20 ppm effective povidon-iodine concentration showed nearly a 50% relative hatching rate. The over 50 ppm treatment group, however, did not result in hatching show a relative hatching rate. These hatching rates were similar to those in the fertilized eggs of kuruma prawns treated with povidon-iodine solutions. In case of washing fertilized eggs with UV-irradiated seawater 33.3% relative hatching rate in fresh shrimps was much lower than 55.2% in kuruma shrimps. Treatment fertilized eggs of 2 species of shrimp with 200 ppm iodine for 30 sec did not affect the survival rate of the larvae until the early stage of the post larvae even though the hatching rates were low. In order to produce healthy shrimp seedlings non-infected by WSBV, the shrimp eggs should be washed with UV-irradated seawater and sterilized with a low povidon-iodine concentration for a short time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1984

Alternaria tenuis, Arthrobotrytis sp., Aspergillus spp., Cephalosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Fusarium equiseti, F. moniliforme, F. semitectum, F. solani, Penicillium spp., Rhizopus sp. were saprophytic fungi and Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum truncatum, Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae and Fusarium oxysporum were pathogenic fungi detected from 14 seed samples of soybean. Initial symptoms caused by C. kikuchii, C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae and F. oxysporum on seedlings from naturally infected seed by the test tube agar method have been described and discussed. Soybean seeds infected with C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae and F. oxysporum reduced germination of seeds and have influenced on the growth of soybean seedling caused by C. kikuchii. Surface-sterilized soybean seedlings became diseased in the test tube agar artificially inoculated with C. kikuchii, C. truncatum and D. phaseolorum sojae isolated from naturally infected soybean seeds. F. oxysporum showed very weak pathogenicity. Seed disinfectants of Benlate-T, Homai, Tecto and Sisthane have effective to C. kikuchii, C. truncatum, D. phaseolorum sojae and F. oxysporum. Arasan, Captan, Busan-30 and Mercron were inferior to C. kikuchii but effective against others. Seed disinfectants treated in this experiment have increased seed germination campared with non-treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.436-444
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• 2010

Methanol extracts of the aerial and rhizome parts obtained from ten species of ferns has been screened for antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Antimicrobial activities were carried out using broth microdilution method and paper disc diffusion assay and the extracts which showed clear zones more than 15mm in concentration of 2 mg/disc were tested for its antimicrobial activities at the $0.125{\sim}2\;mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ concentration of each extract for three days. The non-sterilized crude methanol extracts of Osmunda cinnamomea var. fokiensis rhizome showed the highest antimicrobial activities on B. subtilis(39%), E. coli (33%) and L. monocytogenes(58%) at the concentration of $2\;mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ after 72 hours. In P. acnes, frond extract of O. cinnamomea var. fokiensis showed most vigorous antimicrobial activities in the all extracts but it showed weak activity(clear zone diameters below 15 mm). All extracts has the antimicrobial activities on Streptococcus, but they exhibited weak activity. At the concentration of $2\;mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, only Osmunda japonica rhizome extracts showed 28 and 39% of antimicrobial activities on S. mutans and S. sobrinus after 72 hours and the other extracts showed below 10% of antimicrobial activities on S. mutans and S. sobrinus.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate contamination level and effective clinical disinfection methods of dental air/water syringes (AWS) by using microbial incubation. This study used AWS of ten dental unit chairs of Hospital. Total 180 samples were obtained. There are six groups of samples: non-sterilized (group 1), sanitized with wet-gauze (group 2), sanitized with 78% ethanol sponge for 10 seconds (group 3), sanitized with 78% ethanol sponge for 20 seconds (group 4), sanitized with 1 : 100 diluted High Level Disinfectant$^{(R)}$ (group 5), autoclaved (group 6). Group 1 and 2 showed statistically significant level of CFUs than Group 4, 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). Group 4, 5 and 6 did not show any noticeable CFU. Sanitizing AWS tips with ethanol and High level Disinfectant$^{(R)}$ proves to be a useful and practical method for preventing cross-infections.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.644-652
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Resonance frequency analysis is evaluated as the non-invasive and objective method for the evaluation of implant stability and has been increasingly used. It is necessary to evaluate the factors affect the ISQ measurement stability. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the autoclave sterilization and reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ on ISQ measurement. Material and methods: $SmartPeg^{TM}$ (Integration Diagnostics Ltd., $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) of autoclave group (A) was autoclave sterilized 9 times and $Smartpeg^{TM}$ of reuse group (R) was reused 9 times. Ten $SmartPeg^{TM}s$ were allocated to each group and after each autoclave sterilization and reuse, implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were measured 3 times from the two directions a and b at a right angle. $Osstell^{TM}$ mentor (Integration Diagnostics Ltd. $G\ddot{o}teborg$, Sweden) was used and type 1 (article no. 100353) $Smartpeg^{TM}$ was selected according to $Smartpeg^{TM}$ reference list. Osstem Implant US II future (Osstem Co., Seoul, Korea) in $4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$ was embedded in the self-curing acrylic resin ($Orthojet^{(R)}$, Lang Dental, U.S.A.). Data was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA $({\alpha}=.05)$ and scheffe test was done where a significant difference exist. Correlation test was also done between ISQ value and the number of autoclave sterilization or reuse. Results: 1. In autoclave group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before autoclave sterilization were $84.97{\pm}0.41,\;84.93{\pm}0.74$ at direction a and b. There was significant differences between autoclave groups at direction a and b (P=.000). 2. In reuse group, the means and sd. of ISQ value before reuse were $85.40{\pm}0.62,\;85.50{\pm}0.57$ at direction a and b. There was no significant difference between reuse groups at direction a and b (P>.05). 3. There was a weak positive correlation between the number of reuse and ISQ value at direction a and b (${\gamma}=.207$ and .246, P<.01). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were drawn. Till ninth reuse of $Smartpeg^{TM}$, the ISQ measurement stability did not be affected. After twice autoclave sterilization of $Smartpeg^{TM}$ the ISQ measurement stability was affected.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2005

The radio-sensitivity of pathogens and the effect of irradiation on microbiologican safety and mutagenicity of meat products such as seasoned and cooked beef and ham were investigated. Samples were radiation-sterilized and inoculated at 10/sup 7/ cfu/g with each of the four pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylcoccus aureus, and Listeria ivanovii. No viable cells of pathogens were observed in the sample irradiated with 3 kGy. The D/sub 10/ value of inoculated pathogens in seasoned and cooked beef and ham were 0.24∼0.48 and 0.39∼0.45, respectively. Results of Ames test performed with non-irradiated and irradiated seasoned and cooked beef and ham were both negative at the level of 625, 1,250, 2,500, 50,000, and! 10,000 ㎍ sample/plate, respectively. Results indicate that low dose (2∼3 kGy) irradiation is effective to ensure safety for seasoned and cooked beef and ham with toxicological wholesomeness.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.346-353
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• 2009

Viral, bacterial, and fungal infection can be transmitted from donor to recipient via transplantation of human amniotic membrane. Therefore human amniotic membrane for transplantation should be disinfected and sterilized before use. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of the disinfection process and sterilization processes used at human tissue bank in the inactivation of viruses, bacteria, and fungi. A variety of experimental model viruses, bacteria, and fungus for human pathogens, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were all selected for this study. Enveloped viruses such as HIV-1, BHV, and BVDV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment, gamma irradiation process, and ethylene oxide (EO) gas sterilization process. Also non-enveloped viruses such as HAV and PPV were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by gamma irradiation and EO gas treatment. However HAV and PPV showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment. E. coli and C. albicans were effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by 70% ethanol treatment, gamma irradiation process, and EO gas treatment. Also B. subtilis was effectively inactivated to undetectable levels by gamma irradiation process and EO gas treatment. However it showed high resistance to 70% ethanol treatment.