• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.217-225
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• 2021

The family Platycephalidae is a taxonomic group of economically important demersal flathead fishes that predominantly occupy tropical or temperate estuaries and coastal environments of the Indo-Pacific oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we for the first time analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the flathead Platycephalus cultellatus Richardson, 1846 from Vietnam by Next Generation Sequencing method. Its mitogenome was 16,641 bp in total length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene composition and order of the mitogenome were identical to those of typical vertebrates. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the concatenated nucleotide sequence matrix of 13 PCGs and the partial sequence of a DNA barcoding marker, cox1 in order to determine its molecular phylogenetic position among the order Scorpaeniformes. The phylogenetic result revealed that P. cultellatus formed a monophyletic group with species belonging to the same family and consistently clustered with one nominal species, P. indicus, and two Platycephalus sp. specimens. Besides, the cox1 tree confirmed the taxonomic validity of our specimen by forming a monophyletic clade with its conspecific specimens. The mitogenome of P. cultellatus analyzed in this study will contribute valuable information for further study on taxonomy and phylogeny of flatheads.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

All-solid-state batteries are one of the promising candidates for next-generation batteries and are drawing attention as a key component that will lead the future electric vehicle industry. This study analyzes 10,280 comments on Reddit, which is a global social media, in order to identify policy issues and public interest related to all-solid-state batteries from 2016 to 2021. Text mining such as frequency analysis, association rule analysis, and topic modeling, and sentiment analysis are applied to the collected global data to grasp global trends, compare them with the South Korean government's all-solid-state battery development strategy, and suggest policy directions for its national research and development. As a result, the overall sentiment toward all-solid-state battery issues was positive with 50.5% positive and 39.5% negative comments. In addition, as a result of analyzing detailed emotions, it was found that the public had trust and expectation for all-solid-state batteries. However, feelings of concern about unresolved problems coexisted. This study has an academic and practical contribution in that it presented a text mining analysis method for deriving key issues related to all-solid-state batteries, and a more comprehensive trend analysis by employing both a top-down approach based on government policy analysis and a bottom-up approach that analyzes public perception.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.176-183
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• 2021

Purpose: The introduction of smart factories that reflect the 4th industrial revolution technologies such as AI, IoT, and VR, has been actively promoted in Korea. However, in order to solve various problems arising from existing file-based operating systems, this research will focus on identifying and verifying non-file system-based data protection technology. Method: The research will measure security storage that cannot be identified or controlled by the operating system. How to activate secure storage based on the input of digital key values. Establish a control unit that provides input and output information based on BIOS activation. Observe non-file-type structure so that mapping behavior using second meta-data can be performed according to the activation of the secure storage. Result: First, the creation of non-file system-based secure storage's data input/output were found to match the hash function value of the sample data with the hash function value of the normal storage and data. Second, the data protection performance experiments in secure storage were compared to the hash function value of the original file with the hash function value of the secure storage after ransomware activity to verify data protection performance against malicious ransomware. Conclusion: Smart factory technology is a nationally promoted technology that is being introduced to the public and this research implemented and experimented on a new concept of data protection technology to protect crucial data within the information system. In order to protect sensitive data, implementation of non-file-type secure storage technology that is non-dependent on file system is highly recommended. This research has proven the security and safety of such technology and verified its purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

The development of non-flammable all-solid-state batteries (ASSLBs) has become a hot topic due to the known drawbacks of commercial lithium-ion batteries. As the possibility of applying sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) for electric vehicle batteries increases, efforts for the low-cost mass-production are actively underway. Until now, most studies have used high-energy mechanical milling, which is easy to control composition and impurities and can reduce the process time. Through this, various SSEs that exceed the Li⁺ conductivity of liquid electrolytes have been reported, and expectations for the realization of ASSLBs are growing. However, the high-energy mechanical milling method has disadvantages in obtaining the same physical properties when mass-produced, and in controlling the particle size or shape, so that physical properties deteriorate during the full process. On the other hand, wet chemical synthesis technology, which has advantages in mass production and low price, is still in the initial exploration stage. In this technology, SSEs are mainly manufactured through producing a particle-type, solution-type, or mixed-type precursor, but a clear understanding of the reaction mechanism hasn't been made yet. In this review, wet chemical synthesis technologies for SSEs are summarized regarding the reaction mechanism between the raw materials in the solvent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2023

The ferroelectricity in Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ (HZO) thin films is one of the most interesting topics for next-generation nonvolatile memory applications. It is known that a crystallization process is required at a temperature of 400℃ or higher to form an orthorhombic phase that results in the ferroelectric properties of the HZO film. However, to realize the integration of ferroelectric HZO films in the back-end-of-line, it is necessary to reduce the annealing temperature below 400℃. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the ferroelectric properties according to the annealing temperature (350-500℃) and time (1-5 h) using a furnace as a crystallization method for HZO films. As a result, the ferroelectric behaviors of the HZO films were achieved at a temperature of 400℃ or higher regardless of the annealing time. At the annealing temperature of 350℃, the ferroelectric properties appeared only when the annealing time was sufficiently increased (4 h or more). Based on these results, it was experimentally confirmed that the optimization of the annealing temperature and time is very important for the ferroelectric phase crystallization of HZO films and the improvement of their ferroelectric properties.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2022

Solid-state supercapacitors with high safety and robust mechanical properties are attracting global attention as next-generation energy storage devices. As an electrode of a supercapacitor, an economical carbon-based electrode is widely used. However, when an aqueous electrolyte is introduced, the charge transfer resistance increases because the interfacial contact between the hydrophobic electrode surface and aqueous electrolyte is not good. In this regard, we propose a method to obtain higher electrochemical performance based on improved interfacial properties by treating the electrode surface with oxygen plasma. The surface hydrophilization induced by the enriched oxygen functionalities was confirmed by the contact angle measurement. As a result, the degree of hydrophilization was easily adjusted by controlling the power and duration of the oxygen plasma treatment. As the electrolyte of the supercapacitor, PVA/H₃PO₄, which is a typical solid-state aqueous electrolyte, was used. Free-standing membranes of PVA/H₃PO₄ electrolyte were prepared and then pressed onto the electrode. The optimal condition was to perform oxygen plasma treatment for 5 seconds with a low power of 15 W, and the energy density of the supercapacitor increased by about 8%.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.57-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to review the practicality of Christian education for sustainable development in a rapidly changing world. The first part of this study identify the concept, meaning, and direction of implementation of "Sustainable Development," which has been studied and published around UNESCO since the early 1980s, and present practical strategies for the sustainable development of Christian education. This study chronologically selected five major reports published by UNESCO--"Our Common Future"(1987), "Agenda 21"(1992), "UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development 2005-2014"(2002), "Roadmap for Implementing the Global Action Programme for Education for Sustainable Development 2015-2019"(2014) and "Education for Sustainable Development 2030"(2020)--and examined the concept and meaning of "Sustainable Development"(SD). At the same time, in relation to "Education for Sustainable Development"(ESD), the occurrence, change, and implementation method of "Sustainable Development Goals"(SDGs) were examined and presented. This study derived three Christian educational implications necessary to properly establish the next generation of faith, based on a leadership development strategy using the concept of sustainable development, For the sustainability of Christian education, the foundation of education based on the correct biblical interpretation of cultural mandate is first examined, and then the need for curriculum development and class design is proposed using various types of indicators and educational modules. Finally, specific practices for the development of educational leadership to revitalize Christian education are presented through a multi-dimensional approach.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2024

During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology was used for surveying infectious diseases. In this study, wastewater surveillance was employed to monitor COVID-19 outbreaks. Wastewater influent samples were collected from four sewage treatment plants in Ulsan (Gulhwa, Yongyeon, Nongso, and Bangeojin) between August 2022 and August 2023. The samples were concentrated using the polyethylene glycol-sodium chloride pretreatment method. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was extracted and detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next generation sequences was used to perform correlation analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and COVID-19 cases and for COVID-19 variant analysis. A strong correlation was observed between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and COVID-19 cases (correlation coefficient, r = 0.914). The COVID-19 variant analysis results were similar to the clinical variant genomes of three epidemics during the study period. In conclusion, monitoring COVID-19 via analyzing wastewater facilitates early recognition and prediction of epidemics.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.79
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• pp.197-217
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• 2024

Research purpose : The purpose of this study is to support specialized education in the fields of Christian broadcasting, culture, video, and art to provide learning opportunities for content production and creators, and to inform prospective creators of Christian content production and talent cultivation, church education, and the correct values ??of Christianity through media. Research content and method : With this purpose, we will first examine the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Korean church. Then, we will present the results of supporting specialized education in the fields of broadcasting, culture, video, and art implemented by the Campustown Business Group of Church Induk University to provide youth with learning opportunities for content production and creators, and to see how it helped in the creation of prospective creators and the cultivation of talent. Next, at this point, churches should actively accept media, educate and actively utilize it in church ministry, and provide media education. Finally, media education will prepare for the untact era that will come in the future, and convey the correct values ??of the church. Conclusion and Suggestion : The Korean church needs to reconstruct the YouTube environment by educating the MZ generation on YouTube production and upload. The reason is that the Korean church currently needs to restore the essential function of church education. Once again, transitioning to a growing and mature church requires new religious

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.78
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• pp.191-212
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• 2024

Purpose of the study: The purpose of developing this youth mission education material is to enable youth to understand the fundamental truths and values of Christianity based on the Bible, comprehend mission work, and practice it in their lives. Research Content and Method: In this study, we examined the concept and necessity of mission education for youth, and presented cases of mission education. The development process of the the materials involved prototype development and conducting FGI, first and second rounds of materials development, expert review and proofreading, and revisions and enhancements to produce the final version. Conclusions and Suggestions: This paper presents the development of mission education materials structured in 12 lessons, specifically designed for youth engagement within churches and Christian alternative schools. These materials include editions for teachers, students, and instructional resources. The contents of mission education are designed from the perspective of Bible, history, culture, and strategy, and are organized into modules so that they can be flexibly utilized in any order in the Christian education field. Additionally, each lesson includes three mission activities to enhance student engagement and motivation. This youth mission education material can serve as a foundational resource for conducting mission education suitable for the next generation in local churches and Christian alternative schools and for continuing mission work.