• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기관식도과학회 1981년도 제15차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
• /
• pp.39.2-39
• /
• 1981

지난 약 반세기에 걸쳐서 Penicillin을 비롯하여 많은 항생제 및 화학요법제의 등장으로 급성 혹은 만성중이염의 치료에 많은 도움을 주었다. 그런데, 근래에 이같은 약제의 무절제한 사용 및 오용으로 인한 내성균의 출현과 균교대현상 등으로 치료에 곤란을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 연자 등은 만성적인 이루를 주소로 하여 내원한 만성중이염 환자 50례를 대상으로 무균상태하에서 이루를 채취하여 균을 배양 및 동정하였으며 pipemidicacid를 비롯한 여러 항생제에 대한 감수성검사를 시행하였다. 그결과 중이염환자 50례에서 staphylococcus aureus 및 epidermidis, pseudomonas aeruginosa 및 putrefasciens, proteus mirabilis, $\alpha$-hemolytic streptococcus, klebsiella pneumonia, unproved gramnegative rod, serratia marcescens, corynebacterium이 검출되었으며, pipemidic acid를 투여하여 pseudomonas와 proteus에 의한 중이염에 좋은 치료효과를 보였으며 staphylococcus를 비롯한 다른 감염균에도 괄목할만한 치료효과를 나타냈다. Pipemidic acid는 piromidic acid의 새로운 유도체로서 gram양성균 뿐만 아니라 pseudomonas를 포함한 gram음성체에도 저명한 항균효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.219-224
• /
• 2008

Clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were exposed to subinhibitory concentration of DW286, DW-224a, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin during 26- to 39-days period. Subculturing led to resistance development, and most of the selected mutants were above susceptible breakpoints. Selected mutants had broad cross resistance to other quinolone antibiotics and only one mutant was completely susceptible to all fluoroquinolones. Twenty five among 42 mutants revealed mutations on DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV by sequencing. Also 16 mutants had fluoroquinolones MICs that were 4-32 times lower in the presence of reserpine. In conclusion, alterations in DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV and action of efflux pumping out system are the resistance mechanisms of DW-224a.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2011

현재, 사람들은 많은 병에 노출되어 있다. 산업화의 빠른 변화는 생산시설의 자동화, 정보 통신 산업기술의 발달로 삶의 질이 향상되었으나, 신체활동의 감소와 환경오염으로 인해 환경적 스트레스와 병원균 감염 반응에 대한 인간의 면역체계가 악화되었다. 아울러 현재 약물의 오 남용으로 다재약물내성을 갖는 미생물들(multidrug-resistant microbes)과 암세포(tumor)의 출현으로 인해 새로운 항생제 개발이 시급하다. 그들 중 하나가 항생 펩타이드(antibiotic peptide)로 기존 약물과 비교하면 약물저항성이 거의 일어나지 않는다. 여러 가지 항생활성을 가지는 펩타이드들은 다양한 생명체로부터 동정되고 있다. 이 논문은 항생 펩타이드들의 활성과 적용분야에 대해 논하려 한다.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.397-414
• /
• 2021

The steady growth in population has led to an enhanced water demand and immense pressure on water resources. Pharmaceutical residues (PRs) are unused or non-assimilated medicines found in water supplies that originate from the human and animal consumption of antibiotics, antipyretics, analgesics etc. These have been detected recently in sewage effluents, surface water, ground water and even in drinking water. Due to their toxicity and potential hazard to the environment, humans and aquatic life, PRs are now categorized as the emerging contaminants (ECs). India figures in the top five manufacturers of medicines in the world and every third pill consumed in the world is produced in India. Present day conventional wastewater treatment methods are ineffective and don't eliminate them completely. The use of nanotechnology via advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is one of the most effective methods for the removal of these PRs. Present study is aimed at reviewing the presence of various PRs in water supplies and also to describe the process of AOP to overcome their threat. This study is also very important in view of World Health Organization report confirming more than 30 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This will lead to an alleviated use of antibiotics, antipyretics etc. and their subsequent occurrence in water bodies. Need of the hour is to devise a proper treatment strategy and a decision thereof by the policymakers to overcome the possible threat to the environment and health of humans and aquatic life.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.277-287
• /
• 2023

Since the first discovery of antibiotics, introduction of new antibiotics has been coupled with the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Rapid dissemination of ARB and ARGs in the aquatic environments has become a global concern. ARB and ARGs have been already disseminated in the aquatic environments via various routes. Main hosts of most of ARGs were found to belong to Gammaproteobacteria class, including clinically important potential pathogens. Transmission of ARGs also occurs by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms between bacterial strains in the aquatic environments, resulting in ubiquity of ARGs. Thus, a few of ARGs and MGEs (e.g., strA, sul1, int1) have been suggested as indicators for global comparability of contamination level in the aquatic environments. With ARB and ARGs contamination, the occurrence of critical pathogens has been globally issued due to their widespread in the aquatic environments. Thus, active surveillance systems have been launched worldwide. In this review, we described advancement of methodologies for ARGs detection, and occurrence of ARB and ARGs and their dissemination in the aquatic environments. Even though numerous studies have been conducted for ARB and ARGs, there is still no clear strategy to tackle antibiotic resistance (AR) in the aquatic environments. At least, for consistent surveillance, a strict framework should be established for further research in the aquatic environments.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 1982

Streptomyces griseorubiginosus var. soyoensis 에 의하여 두가지의 항진균성 항생물질이 생성되었는데 하나는 trans-cinnamamide 이었고 다른 하나는 UV, IR, NMR, mass spectrum 및 화학반응의 결과로 새로운 tetraene계 화합물임이 밝혀져 이 물질을 Tetraene KM-A라 하였다. 본 물질의 항균성을 조사한 결과 곰팡이 및 효모류에 대하여는 강한 항진균성을 나타내었으나 항세균성은 없었다. 배지에 sterol류를 첨가하였을때 Tetraene KM-A의 항균력이 없어지는 것으로 보아 stesoid와 결함함을 알수 있고 항균작용도 이와 관련이 있는 것으로 판단하였다. Tetraene KM-A의 mouse 및 rat에 대한 복강주사에 의한 $LD_{50}$ 은 각각 84.3과 90.4mg/kg이였으며 mouse에 대만 경구독성은 1503mg/kg이었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.1195-1198
• /
• 2006

The importance of wild plant resources along with the development of high biotecyhnology is highlighted for exploitation of new materials which can make the added value. The goal of this study is providing fundamental data bases for developing new materials through the analyses of morphological characteristics, antibiotics and molecular cytogenetics in Baegseon (Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.). Baegseon has several characteristics; there are two types of flower color, pink and white, the seed germination starts about February 20th, the maximum flowering season is around May 17th in southern Korea, the growth period is about 60 days. The number of chromosomes are 2n=2x=36, the size of chromosomes in metaphase is $4.2{\sim}8.1{\mu}m$. The amount of 2C nuclear DNA is 1.93pg, and there is no variation of genome size amoung varieties. The extraction juice of baegseon young roots has the excellent antibiotic activity against the mold (Botrytis cinerea).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.730-739
• /
• 2022

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe infections and poses a global healthcare challenge. The utilization of novel molecules which confer synergistical effects to existing MRSA-directed antibiotics is one of the well-accepted strategies in lieu of de novo development of new antibiotics. Thymol is a key component of the essential oil of plants in the Thymus and Origanum genera. Despite the absence of antimicrobial potency, thymol is known to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation. However, the anti-MRSA activity of thymol analogs is not well characterized. Here, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of several thymol derivatives and found that 4-chloro-2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol (chlorothymol) has antimicrobial activity against MRSA and in addition it also prevents biofilm formation. Chlorothymol inhibited staphyloxanthin production, slowed MRSA motility, and altered bacterial cell density and size. This compound also showed a synergistic antimicrobial activity with oxacillin against highly resistant S. aureus clinical isolates and biofilms associated with these isolates. Our results demonstrate that chlorinated thymol derivatives should be considered as a new lead compound in anti-MRSA therapeutics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.1416-1426
• /
• 2022

The need to discover new types of antimicrobial agents has grown since the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that threaten human health. The world's oceans, comprising complex niches of biodiversity, are a promising environment from which to extract new antibiotics-like compounds. In this study, we newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. NIBR-H-19 from the gut of the sea roach Ligia exotica and present both phenotypes and genomic information consisting of 6,184,379 bp in a single chromosome possessing a total of 5,644 protein-coding genes. Genomic analysis of the isolated species revealed that numerous genes involved in antimicrobial secondary metabolites are predicted throughout the whole genome. Moreover, our analysis showed that among twenty-five pathogenic bacteria, the growth of three pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus hominis and Rhodococcus equi, was significantly inhibited by the culture of Pseudomonas sp. NIBR-H-19. The characterization of marine microorganisms with biochemical assays and genomics tools will help uncover the biosynthesis and action mechanism of antimicrobial metabolites for development as antagonistic probiotics against fish pathogens in an aquatic culture system.