• 호남수학학술지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.591-602
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• 2011

In this paper we establish the central limit theorem and the strong law of large numbers for linear random fields generated by identically distributed linear negative quadrant dependent random variables on $\mathbb{Z}^2$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제28권1_2호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2010

In this paper we prove the almost sure convergence of partial sums of identically distributed and negatively associated random variables with infinite expectations. Some results in Kruglov[Kruglov, V., 2008 Statist. Probab. Lett. 78(7) 890-895] are considered in the case of negatively associated random variables.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2008

For an array of dependent random variables satisfying a new notion of uniform integrability, weak laws of large numbers are obtained. Our results extend and sharpen the known results in the literature.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

Petrov(1996) examined the connection between general moment conditions and the applicability of the strong law lf large numbers to a sequence of pairwise independnt and identically distributed random variables. In this note wee generalize Theorem 1 of Petrov(1996) and also show that still holds under assumption of pairwise negative quadrant dependence(NQD).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Propofol is an anesthetic commonly used to provide sedation or to induce and maintain an anesthetic stated. However, there are reports which indicate propofol may cause psychological dependence or be abused. In the present study, we used various behavioral tests including climbing test, jumping test, conditioned place preference, and self-administration test to assess the dependence potential and abuse liability of propofol compared to a positive control (methamphetamine) or a negative control (saline or intralipid). Among the tests, the conditioned place preference test was conducted with a biased method, and the selfadministration test was performed under a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule, 1 h per session. No difference was found in the climbing test and jumping test, but propofol (30 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the rewarding effect in the conditioned place preference test, and it showed a positive reinforcing effect compared to the vehicle. These results indicate that propofol tends to show psychological dependence rather than physical dependence, and it seems not to be related with dopaminergic system.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2018

This study aimed to identify specific psychological and brain activation responses relating to the processing of negative emotions in patients with alcohol dependency. The authors hypothesized that patients with alcohol dependency would demonstrate the abnormal functioning of brain regions involved in negative emotions. Eleven male patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence in an inpatient alcohol treatment facility and 13 social drinkers with similar demographics were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they viewed film clips that evoked negative emotions. During exposure to negative emotional stimuli, the control group evinced significantly greater activity in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in comparison to patients with alcohol dependency. Correlation analyses demonstrated a negative association in the relationship between beta values from the right ACC and amygdala in participants classified in the control group. No statistically significant relationship was observed for blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) changes between the two regions in the patient group during the elicitation of negative emotions. On the other hand, patients exhibited a greater activation of the amygdala as negative emotions were induced. These results suggest that alcoholism presents pathophysiology of brain activation that is distinct from the responses of healthy individuals functioning as controls.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.604-609
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• 2014

The thermoelectric power and dc conductivity of $La_{2/3+x}TiO_{3-{\delta}}$ (x = 0, 0.13) were investigated. The thermoelectric power was negative between 80K and 300K. The measured thermoelectric power of x = 0.13 increased linearly with increased temperatures and was represented by $S_0+BT$. The x = 0 sample exhibited insulating behavior, while the x = 0.13 sample showed metallic behavior. The electric resistivity of x = 0.13 had a linear temperature dependence at high temperatures and a T3/2 dependence below about 100K. On the other hand, the electric resistivity of x = 0 has a linear relation between $ln{\rho}/T$ and 1/T in the range of 200 to 300K, and the activation energy for small polaron hopping was 0.23 eV. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power and the resistivity of x = 0 suggests that the charge carriers responsible for conduction are strongly localized. This temperature dependence indicates that the charge carrier (x = 0) is an adiabatic small polaron. These experimental results are interpreted in terms of spin (x = 0.13) and small polaron (x = 0) hopping of almost localized Ti 3d electrons.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.123-143
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• 1998

The aim of this paper is to investigate the women's apparel distribution channel in the well-known department stores located in the central Seoul area. Since the department store has its reputation, information and enormous buying power, it is the one of the major leading retails in the women's apparel industry. In doing so, the relationship between the channel members in terms of the level of dependence, power sources and perceived conflict and manifest conflict has been studied. Particularly, based on French and Raven's power sources, position source is added. It refers to a channel member's (Merchandizer in the department store) source over another based on the expection the former (Merchandizer in the department store) will be able to allocate the location and size of the store influencing the latter's sale and profit. The key informants are the merchandizers who work in the apparel companies contracting with major department stores. Finally, of the 284 questionnaires collected, 235 are usable. The hypotheses are tested through LISREL. The results of statistical analysis support that : Dependence has a positive effect on noncoercive bases of power. Coercive bases of power have a positive effect on manifest conflict as well as perceived conflict while noncoercive bases of power have a negative effect mainly on manifest conflict. Thus, the relation between the major department stores and the women's apparel companies in there seems to have bilateral dependence rather than highly unilateral dependence.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship among brand dependence, brand attitude, brand satisfaction and repurchase intention of online golf goods consumers. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on consumers who had experience in purchasing golf goods online by visiting golf driving ranges in Seoul and Kyeonggi area. A total of 200 people were surveyed and 197 data were used for the final data processing. SPSS 23 and AMOS 23 were used for data processing. We obtained the following results. First, brand dependence had a positive effect on brand attitude, but it did not have a significant effect on repurchase intention.Second, brand attitude had a positive effect on brand satisfaction and repurchase intention; third, brand satisfaction had a positive effect on repurchase intentionFirst, face has been shown to have a significant impact on symbolic consumption propensity. Second, symbolic consumption tendencies have a significant impact on product satisfaction and intention to purchase new products. Third, product satisfaction has been shown to have a negative impact on the intention of purchasing new products.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2020

무역은 국가 경제에 중요한 경제활동이다. 특히, WTO 출범 이후 2001년 중국의 WTO 가입, 다자간 무역체계의 확립, 자유무역협정(FTA) 등으로 무역의 범위가 확대되고, 국가 간 무역장벽의 완화 및 통합화로 인해 무역시장의 규모가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 무역시장 규모가 확대됨에도 불구하고, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기, 2016년 브렉시트, 2018년 미·중 무역전쟁과 같은 극단적인 사건 발생하여 무역시장이 직접적으로 타격받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 무역활동을 대변하는 변수인 국제 해운 운임지수와 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성 사이의 의존구조를 분석 하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수 조합의 결합분포가 각각 Frank copula, rotated Clayton copula 270°으로 나타나, 미국, 중국 국가별로 동일한 분포 구조를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, Kendall's tau 상관관계를 살펴보면, 국제 해운 운임지수와 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성 사이에 음(-)의 의존성을 갖지만, 의존성 정도는 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수의 조합에서 더 크게 나타났다. 즉, 전 세계 수요와 무역 불확실성의 의존성은 미국보다 중국이 더 강하다는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 꼬리 의존성 결과를 살펴보면, 미국, 중국 무역 불확실성과 국제 해운 운임지수가 서로 독립적인 관계로 나타났다. 이는 무역 불확실성의 극단적인 사건 혹은 국제 해운 운임지수의 극단적인 사건이 발생해도 서로 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 의미한다.