• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2019

This paper intends to introduce a near-tip grid refinement and to explore its usefulness in the crack analysis by the natural element method (NEM). As a sort of local h-refinement in FEM, a NEM grid is locally refined around the crack tip showing the high stress singularity. This local grid refinement is completed in two steps in which grid points are added and Delaunay triangles sharing the crack tip node are divided. A plane-state plate with symmetric edge cracks is simulated to validate the proposed local grid refinement and to examine its usefulness in the crack analysis. The crack analysis is also simulated using a uniform NEM grid for the sake of comparison. The near-tip stress distributions and SIFs that are obtained using a near-tip refined NEM grid are compared with the exact values and those obtained using uniform NEM grid. The convergence rates of global relative error to the total number of grid points between the refined and non-refined NEM grids are also compared.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.680-683
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• 1998

In case of the infinite body containing a rigid inclusion with line crack shape, stress intensity factor is determined and the relation between stress intensity factor and stress distribution near a crack tip is developed. Also, the relation between stress intensity factor and Kolosoff stress function is developed. Finally, these results are compared with those that the crack surface is under no traction.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 1983

Plastic plane stress solutions are given for a center cracked strip, characterized by the Ramberg-Osgood plastic index, under bi-axial tension. Using a power law hardening stress-strain relation, an incremental plasticity finite element formulation is developed, and simple formulation is given for computing J-integral with nodal displacements. The near tip angular distribution of von Mises effective stress doesn't differ significantly in magnitude according to the change of loading stress and bi-axial load combination factor. But, for smaller plastic index, the location of its maximum value moves vertically at a head of crack. J-integral value, in the plastic zone near crack tip, decreases with load combination factor for large and small plastic index.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.902-909
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• 2004

A steady-state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulation was conducted to investigate the distribution of the Reynolds stress tensor inside tip leakage vortex of a linear compressor cascade. Two different inlet flow angles ${\beta}=29.3^{\circ}$(design condition) and $36.5^{\circ}$(off-design condition) at a constant tip clearance size of $1\%$ blade span were considered. Classical methods of solid mechanics, applied to view the Reynolds stress tensor in the principal direction system, clearly showed that the high anisotropic feature of turbulent flow field was dominant at the outer part of tip leakage vortex near the suction side of the blade and endwall flow separation region, whereas a nearly isotropic turbulence was found at the center of tip leakage vortex. There was no significant difference in the anisotropy of the Reynolds normal stresses inside tip leakage vortex between the design and off-design condition.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2019

본 논문은 균열선단 그리드 세분화기법을 소개하고 자연요소법을 이용한 균열해석에 이 기법을 적용함으로서 그 유효성을 고찰하였다. 유한요소법에 있어서의 국부적 h-세분화와 같이 높은 응력 특이성을 보이는 균열선단 주위를 따라 자연요소법 그리드를 국부적으로 세분화하였다. 본 논문에서 소개되는 그리드 세분화기법은 2단계로 구성되며, 1단계에서는 그리드 점들이 추가되고 2단계에서는 균열선단 절점을 공유하는 델라우니 삼각형들이 나뉘게 된다. 제안하는 그리드 세분화기법의 타당성과 균열해석에서의 유효성을 입증하기 위해 대칭 엣지 균열을 갖는 평면 변형률 상태의 사각 평판을 해석하였다. 수치해석 결과의 상대비교를 위해 균일한 자연요소 그리드를 이용한 균열해석도 수행하였으며, 균열선단이 세분화된 그리드는 균일한 그리드와는 달리 이론해와 조밀한 그리드와 유사한 균열선단 응력분포를 나타내었다. 또한, 총 그리드 절점수에 대한 해석결과의 전역 상대오차에서도 세분화된 그리드가 균일한 그리드에 비해 높은 수렴율 나타내었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1988

This paper reports on the elatic-plastic analysis and fracture behavior of cylinder with outer surface crack which is under external or internal pressure. For the studuty of crack length effects in cylinder, ratios of crack lengths to finite thickness (a/t) are dertermined 0.3, 0.4, 0.5. For the study of curvature effects in cylinders, ratios of mean diameter to finite thicknees (Rm/t) are determined 10.0, 15.0, 20.0. Analysis is conduceted using the theory of fracture mechanics and two dimensional finite element solution assuming the axi-symmetrical plane strain conditon. Main results of this study are as follows. 1) It is known from this paper that elastic-plastic strain is initiated near crack tip and enlarged between crack tip and inner side of cylinder. 2) $K_{1}$ of cylinder under external or internal pressure is evaluated memebrane stress .root..pi.* crack length. The results of this study are inclined to Lomacky's results and Kobayshi's result. 3) Distribution of stress near crack tip is looked higher than of other zone, as crack length of equal model is longer, and as diameter of cylinder is longer. 4) When other conditions are equal, displacemenet near crack tip is looked duller, as length is longer.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-261
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• 2013

The bearing mechanism of pile during installation and loading process which controls the deformation and distribution of strain and stress in the soil surrounding pile tip is complex and full of much uncertainty. It is pointed out that particle crushing occurs in significant stress concentrated region such as the area surrounding pile tip. The solution to this problem requires the understanding and modeling of the mechanical behavior of granular soil under high pressures. This study aims to investigate the sand behavior around pile tip considering the characteristics of sand crushing. The numerical analysis of model pile loading test under different surcharge pressure with constitutive model for sand crushing is presented. This constitutive model is capable of predicting the dilatancy of soil from negative to positive under low confining pressure and only negative dilatancy under high confining pressure. The predicted relationships between the normalized bearing stress and normalized displacement are agreeable with the experimental results during the entire loading process. It is estimated from numerical results that the vertical stress beneath pile tip is up to 20 MPa which is large enough to cause sand to be crushed. The predicted distribution area of volumetric strain represents that the distributed area shaped wedge for volumetric contraction is beneath pile tip and distributed area for volumetric expansion is near the pile shaft. It is demonstrated that the finite element formulation incorporating a constitutive model for sand with crushing is capable of producing reasonable results for the pile loading problem.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.335-342
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• 2001

In this paper, an improved Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) method is proposed by adding enrichment function to the standard EFG approximation and a discontinuity function is implemented in constructing the shape function across the crack surface. In this method, the singularity and the discontinuity of the crack are efficiently modeled by using initial node distribution to evaluate reliable stress intensity factor, though the standard EFG method requires placing additional nodes near the crack tip. The proposed method enables the initial node distribution to be kept without any additional nodal d.o.f. and expresses the asymptotic stress field near the crack tip successfully. Numerical example verifies the improvement and the effectiveness of the method.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1373-1380
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 전보에서 실험역학적으로 도출한 .DELTA.A가 재료 및 하중크기에 의존하는 점에 착안하여, SNC631-A, SNC631-B, S45C, A12024-T3 및 A17075-T6 등 5종 류 재료를 응력비 R=0.1, 0.3, 0.5에서 피로크랙전파속도시험을 실시하고, 피로크랙팁 의 국소피로변형률장의 상태를 정량적으로 나타낼 수 있는 피로변형률확대계수 .DELTA.A(m, P)를 이용하여 크랙전파속도 da/dN을 통일적으로 평가하고, 그 결과의 유용성을 명백 히 하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2024

This study delves into the interaction dynamics between lateral notches and inclusions, providing valuable insights for more effective engineering of structural components. By employing the finite element method, the research analyzes how inclusions affect the dimensions and contours of the plastic zone under confined plasticity conditions. Several parameters were investigated, including loading influence, the distance between the inclusion and notch tip, inclusion stiffness, and the distribution of Von Mises stress, as well as normal stresses σxx and σyy, and Comparison between different stresses. Examining stress distributions under varying loading conditions reveals a significant intensification, particularly near the crack tip. Moreover, the presence of an inclusion near the notch base reduces both the size and shape of the plastic zone. The distribution of the stresses for different loads knows an increase in intensity, especially near the crack head, which is the most requested by the tensile forces on its upper part, which can cause either the crack's initiation or opening, inducing significant stresses.