• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2000

In order to decolorize disperse dyes by using biological treatment process, a strain which has potential ability to degrade disperse dyes was isolated from natural system. To increase the removal efficiency of decolorization in the aqueous solutions, the optimal condition of decolorization by this strain was investigated, and continuous plant test was also developed. The optimal culture conditions of temperature and pH were found to be 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.5~9, respectively. When yeast extract was mixed with polypeptone at the mixing ratio of 1:1 as a nitrogen source, decolorization efficiency was highest(93%) among the nitrogen sources. The strain to be screened was excellent to adjust to pH, and it seems to be have ability to control pH needed to growth. The optimal culture conditions in concentration of $MgSO_4\cdot{7H}_2O$ and $KH_2PO_4$ were 0.1%(w/v) and 0.2%(w/v). The result of continuous plant process using wastewater was as following : $COD_{Mn}$ removal efficiency was over than 50%, and this strain was very excellent in decolorization-efficiency for the wastewater of Taegu dyeing complex.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2021

The use of the supernatant from a Bacillus subtilis culture mixed with sodium bicarbonate was explored as a means of controlling stem brown spot disease in dragon fruit plants. In in vitro experiments, the B. subtilis supernatant used with sodium bicarbonate showed a strong inhibition effect on the growth of the fungus, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the agent causing stem brown spot disease and was notably effective in preventing fungal invasion of dragon fruit plant. This combination not only directly suppressed the growth of N. dimidiatum, but also indirectly affected the development of the disease by eliciting the dragon-fruit plant's defense response. Substantial levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and glucanase, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes, peroxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase, were triggered. Significant lignin deposition was also detected in treated cladodes of injured dragon fruit plants in in vivo experiments. In summary, B. subtilis supernatant combined with sodium bicarbonate protected dragon fruit plant loss through stem brown spot disease during plant development in the field through pathogenic fungal inhibition and the induction of defense response mechanisms.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2001

The decay of the Old Chinese Dynasty, Tang in the 10th century caused the collapse of the political order of Southeast Asia and the neighboring countries began to try to go their own way. Japan abolished the system called "Yudangsa" and nourished the culture of Japanese style. The fang age had a respect of the′Japanese Character Culture", in which when we expressed the sound, they developed the Japanese letters ,that is, reduced Chinese characters, and systematized them as linguistic symbols and developed them into one of letter design styles. The Japanese letters which was mainly the media of the expression of the female literature were delicately shaped ′as natural materials, which finally resulted in Japan′s oldest letter modeling, Asite Letter Design Style. The Japanese letters were blended with ′Reeds around the Lake", "Sea Birds", "Birds′flying", and "Rocks", mixed with the overall shapes of the objects and assimilated into one part, and became a means for the main entertainment of the nobility such as "Singing Festival", "Conference", and "Ceremonial Events" According to the relics, the Japanese feeling of a small cosmos was represented with the fabulous skills of artifacts. In audition, "Play Painting"in the countryside is also a kind of Asite the ordinary people accepted as wit and satire. What we will have to notice is about exchange of the Chinese letter designs, when the thought focused ′on the letter design, Jobcheso was popular. The letter design Jobcheso is -a kind of letter design which represents -natural objects and was popular at the time of Yukjo Dynasty, and there are some documents of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the origin of the letter designs in the Chinese character culture circle, in terms of the letter design of Jobcheso.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.642-652
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the concept of a sexual image and verify the method of its design expression through case studies of the sexual image evening dress shown in an Haute Couture Collection over the last 10 years (2005~2014). The results of analysis are as follows: First, "expression by the seeing through of the natural body" expressed a natural sexual image that combined fashion of the previous times with the beauty of the natural body by using a see-through material and classic or ethnic image. Second, "expression of a sexual-image look that emphasizes romantic detail" illustrated a romantic sexual image that emphasizes feminine sensitivity by mixing various ornamental elements such as see-through material and symbolism of underwear image. Third, "creation of a nude look using skin color" expressed sexual image of an evening dress by inducing erotic sexual association through a combination of opaque material of skin color and design shape that is intended for body exposure. Fourth, "combination of sexual symbol and heterogeneous elements" expressed a decadent, avant-garde and futuristic sexual images by using women's underwear and a sexual symbol as design motif and mixed with mismatching elements. Fifth, "use of a fantastic black image" expressed an exclusive and refined sexual image and a decadent and primitive sexual image by using a fantastic image of black color. The results of this study are expected to be used for the design process of the evening-dress industry that aims for quality improvement.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2000

남은 음식물을 기질로 생균효모사료를 만들기 위해 Kluyveromyces marxianus 효모의 호기적 액상발효가 $35^{\circ}C$에서 시도되었다. 먼저 액상으로 시료를 충분히 마쇄시킨 시료의 효모 생균수를 증가시키기 위한 적정발효조건이 진탕배양을 통해 연구되었다. 시료로 사용된 남은 음식물의 고형분 함량을 수분첨가로 5%, 10%와 15%로 다르게 조정하여 발효시킨 결과 고형분 함량 10%에서 생균수가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 효모의 생균농도를 증가시키기 위하여 Aspersillus oryzae를 2리터용 jar fermenter를 이용하여 혼합배양한 결과 증식속도를 증가시켜 주었으나 최고 생균수는 $3.5{\times}10^9/ml$로서 단독 배양시보다 근소하게 높은 결과를 보여주었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2010

This study was conducted to restore our traditional Cheongtaejeon tea and to develop the special products. We inoculated Cheongtaejeon tea with lactobacilli (Lactobacillus plantarum CHO 25) and the mixed microbial strains (L. plantarum CHO 25 + Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CHO 104). We also examined the sensuous characteristics and physiological activity of Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced by the inoculation of microbial strains. The external appearance of Cheongtaejeon teas were not significant among the teas which were produced with or without the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25 and the mixed microbial strains. The taste of the tea increased most in Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced without the inoculation of microbial strains. The taste and liking of Cheongtaejeon tea which was inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger decreased significantly, and it was not suitable to drink. Total phenolics compound contents, total flavonoid contents and DPPH ($\alpha,\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picryl-hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity of Cheongtaejeon tea extracts increased much more in the order of that produced with the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25, control and that with the mixed microbial strains. However, nitrite radical scavenging activity in 1,000 mg/L Cheongtaejeon tea hot water extracts were in the order of the control (94.4%), the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25 (93.6%) and the mixed microbial strains (91.1%). Overall results indicated that the sensuous characteristics increased most in Cheongtaejeon tea which was produced without the inoculation of microbial strains, and those physiological activities in tea with the inoculation of L. plantarum CHO 25.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2022

Natural and synthetic forms of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) have been widely used in bone repair and augmentation. The major challenge of injectable CPC is to deliver the cells without cell death in order to regenerate new bone. The study objective was to investigate for the potential of stem cell-laden gelatin fibers containing injectable, nanocrystalline CPC to function as a delivery system. Gelatin noddle fiber method was developed to delivered cells into nCPC. Experimental groups were prepared by mixing cells with nCPC, mixing cell-laden gelatin fibers with nCPC and mixing cell-laden gelatin fibers containing BMP-2 with nCPC. Media diffusion test was conducted after dissolving the gelatin fibers. SEM examined the generated channels and delivered cell morphology. Fibers mixed with nCPC showed physical setting and hardening within 20 min after injection and showed good shape maintenances. The gelatin fibers mixed nCPC group had several vacant channels generated from the dissolved gelatin. Particularly, proliferation and attachment of the cells were observed inside of the channels. While live cells were not observed in the cell mixed nCPC group, cells delivered with the gelatin fibers into the nCPC showed good viability and increased DNA content with culture. Cell-laden gelatin fiber was a novel method for cell delivery into nCPC without cell damages. Results also indicated the osteogenic differentiation of gelatin fiber delivered cells. We suggest that the cell-laden gelatin fibers mixed with nCPC can be used as an injectable cell delivery vehicle and the addition of BMP-2 to enhances osteogenesis.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제41권
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• pp.177-197
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• 2015

연구를 통해 로살리아 데 카스트로의 "바다의 딸"은 스페인 갈리시아의 소도시 묵시아와 피니스티에레 곶의 자연의 구성 요소들인 바다의 움직임, 해변의 풍경, 폭풍우, 생명력 넘치는 식물들 등을 배경으로 하는 갈리시아인들의 생활상의 세밀한 묘사라는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 작품에 묘사되는 갈리시아의 자연은 그곳 사람들에게 한편으로는 공포의 대상이기도 하지만, 다른 한편으로는 온갖 종류의 나무들과 꽃들의 향기로 가득한 어부들과 농부들의 아름다운 삶의 터전이기도 하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 한편 자연 환경묘사와 더불어 갈리시아인들이 보존하고 있는 전통적 유산의 일부인 망자의 장례과정을 통해 가톨릭의 종교의식과 미신적 제의식이 혼합된 갈리시아만의 독특한 문화가 융합된 지역임도 확인시켜준다. 또한 작가는 갈리시아 어부들의 과도한 음주문화와 주신제나 살주식에 대한 언급을 통해서도 갈리시아가 오래되고 심오한 풍속의 땅이고, 특별한 문화를 간직하고 있는 땅임을 확인시켜준다. 이렇듯 로살리아는 갈리시아 사람들의 일상 속에 언제나 존재하면서도 깊이 있게 조명되지 않았던 자연환경과 인간들의 삶의 모습을 문학작품을 통해 그림으로써 갈리시아의 외적 현실과 갈리시아 정체성의 일부를 우리들에게 확인할 수 있는 공간을 제공한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

This study has intended to evaluate rural subjective landscape through participation of residents and visitors according to space types, and to perform comparative analysis of evaluation results between residents and visitors. This study has employed a survey method for which 58 residents of 8 villages within Seondong region at Gochang-gun and 70 visitors to Green Barley Field Festival in the target region have participated. 42 landscape view points were selected according to landscape scopes and space types, and then the preference was evaluated using landscape adjectives after showing pictures already taken for each landscape view point. This study has found the following results. First, whereas residents gave high points to natural landscape and artificial one at the historical culture areas in comparison with other landscape scopes, visitors gave them low points on the other hand. Second, visitors evaluated the cultivated area among space types of mixed landscapes with high value. Third, based on t-test for comparative analysis, the statistically significant differences of evaluation results appeared at 6 places among 8 natural landscapes, 3 places among 12 artificial landscapes, and 3 places among mixed landscapes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2010

Most orchids are propagated by tissue culture. To survey the viral infection of tissue cultured Orchids, total RNA was extracted from in vitro Cymbridium and Phalaenopsis spp. collected from companies producing tissue-cultured orchids, and RT-PCR analysis was conducted with primer pairs specific to Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ring spot virus(ORSV), which are infecting wide range of orchid genera. The bulb size of Cymbidium infected with CymMV and ORSV was compared with healthy one at 10 months after planting in vitro orchids in the glasshouse. The CymMV or ORSV infection in 97 Cymbidium and 55 Phalaenopsis plants was 84.5 and 89.1 %, respectively. Mixed infection was found in 52.6 and 47.3% of Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis tested, whereas virus-free orchids were 15.5 and 10.9%, respectively. The CymMV and ORSV reduced the bulb size by 2.7-50% depending on the cultivars of Cymbidium. The both viruses caused yellowing, mottle and mosaic with or without necrosis in 4 Cymbidium cultivars.