• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2017

Camp Page, which has been located in front of Chuncheon Station for about 50 years since 1958, recently opened to the public. Chuncheon City is currently struggling to construct a park on this site due to an uncertainty of general plans and financial difficulties. Accordingly, this research conducted a cognitive survey about site usage with Camp Page users in order to clarify directions for efficient establishment of parks within the former military base. The course of research includes analytical methods such as a survey targeting Chuncheon citizens and tourists both in the field and online, a frequency analysis of 1,360 index samples, a cross analysis and t-test. As a result, firstly, Chuncheon citizens recognized the image of Chuncheon as a city with a fresh, clean lakeshore whereas tourists think of it as a city for sightseeing and leisure. Hence, it was justifiable to conclude that the city should organize various programs for people to enjoy leisure activities while at the same time protecting the environment. Second, the awareness of tourists about Camp Page was relatively low and both citizens and tourists recognize that it was not sufficient enough for enjoyment of free time. The majority answered "space for culture and art and for experiencing the natural environment" when asked about the direction of space creation at Camp Page, which indicates that the site will need to be available both for cultural art and nature experiences. Lastly, it was thought that the direction of developing leisure facilities in Chuncheon city should include the improvement of worn out installations and developing chain products among programs. This research will be able to use fundamental data for the efficient utilization of the returned U.S. military camps that are constantly merging.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Transgenic zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) expressing the bar gene inserted in the plant genome has been generated previously through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The GM zoysiagrass (event: JG21) permits efficient management of weed control of widely cultivated zoysiagrass fields, reducing the frequency and cost of using various herbicides for weed control. Now we have carried out the environmental risk assessment of JG21 prior to applying to the governmental regulatory agency for the commercial release of the GM turf grass outside of test plots. The morphological phenotypes, molecular analysis, weediness and gene flow from each test plot of JG21 and wild-type zoysiagrasses have been evaluated by selectively analyzing environmental effects. There were no marked differences in morphological phenotypes between JG21 and wild-type grasses. The JG21 retained its stable integration in the host plant in T1 generation, exhibiting a 3:1 segregation ratio according to the Mendelian genetics. We confirmed the copy number (1) of JG21 by using Southern blot analysis, as the transgenic plants were tolerant to ammonium glufosinate throughout the culture period. From cross-fertilization and gene flow studies, we found a 9% cross-pollination rate at the center of JG21 field and 0% at distances over 3 m from the field. The JG21 and wild-type zoysiagrass plants are not considered "weed" because zoysiagrasses generally are not dominant and do not spread into weedy areas easily. We assessed the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of the transgene DNA to soil microorganisms from JG21 and wild-type plants. The bar gene was not detected from the total genomic DNA extracted from each rhizosphere soil of GM and non-GM Zoysia grass fields. Through the monitoring of JG21 transgene's unintentional release into the environment, we found no evidence for either pollen mediated gene flow of zoysiagrass or seed dispersal from the test field within a 3 km radius of the natural habitat.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.699-705
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• 2015

Aircraft needs high lift-to-drag ratio and weight reduction of the structure for long endurance flight with a small power. Generally high aspect ratio wing is applied to HALE(High Altitude Long Endurance) aircraft. Also high modulus, and high strength CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) has been used in primary structures. and thin mylar(membrane material) film has been applied to skin of wing. As a result, wing is more flexible than the other structures. and the stiffness of thin mylar film has an affect on dynamic stability. In this study, the membrane characteristic of mylar film has been simulated using nonlinear gap elements. And equivalent modeling method using shell elements is presented using the nonlinear simulation result. The linear equivalent model has verified using the results of nonlinear membrane method. Proposed linear equivalent shell model has applied to mode analysis for estimate the effect of mylar mechanical properties on natural frequency.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.214-227
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• 2016

This study was conducted to classify the vegetation structure of the Geumsan in Namhae-gun. Using the phytosociological method and DCCA ordination, the vegetation was classified into 10 communities of natural forests (Quercus serrata, Carpinus tschonoskii, Q.mongolica, Pinus densiflora, P.thunbergii, C. turczaninowii, Q. variablis, Zelkova serrata, C.laxifora and Corylopsis gotoana var. coreana) and 2 communities of plantation forests (Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica). Among the communities other than the plantation forests, the importance value of Q. serrata (45.7) was found to be the highest. According to the results of DBH analysis among the species with high importance values, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica and C. tschonoskii showed normal patterns in the size-frequency distribution, suggesting that these species will continue to hold their current dominance. The average soil pH in the communities ranged from 4.28 to 4.76. The results of DCCA ordination analysis showed that Q. serrata was evenly distributed in the high and low elevation habitats. P. thunbergii and P. densiflora communities were mainly distributed in the lowest elevation habitats on the southern slope.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2017

In this paper, the floor vibration of an example concert hall building was measured and floor safety criteria were analytically checked through comparison between experimental and analytical results. The floor bottom plate model was constructed considering the composite effect and the analytical model was modified to have the natural frequency identical to the measured one. Also, time history analysis was conducted using the dynamic loads induced by human rhythmic movement during a musical performance, and the analytically calculated floor accelerations were similar to the measured one. Based on this model, the floor vibration level due to the group activities of about 400 persons, maximum available persons for the concert hall, was estimated. It was confirmed that the human induced dynamic loads applied to the column and beam would be much lower than the design strength. In addition, the horizontal acceleration level is just 2% of the design seismic load, so the concert hall is safe in both vertical and horizontal excitations by human rhythmic movements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to figure out the place characteristics of preferable city tourist attractions through the contents analysis of non-academic literatures such as tourist guidebooks and web materials. The most preferable Seoul tourist attractions were selected by their frequency in literatures including Namsan and Hangang as 'natural' places, Dugsu Palace and Gyungbok Palace as 'historical' places, Itaewon and Daehak-ro as 'lively-cultural' places that were classified by their relativistic character. The main findings of the research are as follows. The essential place characteristics of tourist attractions were synthesized in urban, regional and place scale respectively. While 'contrast' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the urban context, 'connectivity' was found to be the most distinguished character of the tourist attractions in the regional context. In addition, both 'visibility' and 'experience' were found to be the most distinguished characters of the tourist attractions in the place context. The characteristics of these places seem to be the universal fascination factors of city tourist attractions currently recognized by ordinary citizens. We expect to further strengthen the city identity and the city tourism effect by adopting those research results systematically to the urban environment. Therefore, it is needed to vitalize the urban tourist attractions that we make them to be more 'contrasting' with urban areas surrounding them, more 'connective' with vicinity areas and more 'visibly fascinating' and 'experienced actively and meaningfully' in each place of tourist attractions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.601-611
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• 2016

The research, development and use of seismic isolation systems have been increasing with the gradual development of structure safety assurance methods for earthquakes. The High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB), one type of seismic isolation system, is a Laminated Rubber Bearing using special High Damping Rubber. However, as its damping function is slightly lower than that of the Lead Rubber Bearing, a similar seismic isolation system, its utilization has not been high. However, the HDRB has a superior damping force to the Natural Rubber Bearing, which has similar materials and shapes, and the existing Lead Rubber Bearing has a maleficence problem in that it contains lead. Thus, studies on HDRBs that do not use lead have increased. In this study, a test targeting the HDRB was done to examine its various dependence properties, such as its compressive stress, frequency and repeated loading. To evaluate the HDRB's seismic performance in response to several earthquake waves, the shaking table test was performed and the results analyzed. The test used the downscaled bridge model and the HDRB was divided into seismic and non-seismic isolation. Consequently, when the HDRB was applied, the damping effect was higher in the non-seismic case. However, its responses on weak foundations, such as in Mexico City, represented increased shapes. Thus, its seismic isolator.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2011

What kinds of environmental adaptation did people during the Chosun era take when climate change due to drought was perceived and natural disasters occurred? Research hypotheses is 'More environmental improvement projects were conducted when climate disasters were experienced than rituals for rain calling. In this study, frequency samples for Rituals for Rain (RR, 祈雨祭) defined as abnormal climate of drought, Climate Disaster(CD) and Environmental Improvement Projects(EIP) were extracted from "Chosunwangjoshillok(朝鮮王朝實錄)". The analysis among RR, CD, and EIP were studied for a regression model. Research hypothesis was statistically tested. RR took placed the order of Sejong(世宗), Sukjong(肅宗) and Youngjo(英祖), while climate disasters were extracted under the Jungjong(中宗), Sungjong(成宗) and Taijong(太宗). EIP were most active under Youngjo(英祖), Sungjong(成宗) and Taijong(太宗). During the former part of the Chosun dynasty, abnormal climate was more seriously considered than climate disasters, while the opposite pattern was shown during the latter part. In a regression analysis between EIP and CD, the equation of EIP = 0.632CD was determined. As a test result, the study hypothesis the entire Chosun dynasty was dismissed. However, it is possible to statistically support that more EIP were conducted in order to adapt to the climate change during the latter part of the dynasty when climate disaster were experienced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

The Ministry of Environment of Korea has been releasing Asiatic black bears since 2004 at Jirisan National Park. It exceeded the target number of Asiatic black bears in 2018. As of July 2020, in addition to 67 traceable bears, many Asiatic black bears are dispersed outside Jirisan National Park. Jirisan National Park is a very dense place with more than 3 million visitors every year. In this study, the roads and trails through Jirisan National Park were considered to be the main dispersion factors of Asiatic black bears, and the fragmentation analysis was conducted. As of July 2017, the length of roads and trails in Jirisan National Park was 363.4km. Based on this, Jirisan National Park was fragmented into 163 patches. There is only one place that maintains a single area of more than 50㎢ that is suitable for large mammals to inhabit, and 141 places are less than 5㎢. There are 6 patches of 24 to 200㎢ area suitable for living of large mammals including Asiatic black bears, in Jirisan National Park. Compared to the announcement made by the Korea National Park Service in 2014, activities of Asiatic black bears were rare in areas below 5㎢ area and the frequency of activities was high in more than 20㎢ area. This shows that human activities in protected areas such as national parks can directly affect the activities of wild animals, including Asiatic black bears. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the habitat of Asiatic black bears by reducing the pressure of visiting for Jirisan National Park. In addition, as a result of analyzing the fragmentation of the park's natural conservation zone 107.7km, 45% of the trail of Jirisan National Park, was opened, which is more fragmentation than other use zones. The park nature conservation zone accounts for about 32% of the total area of Jirisan National Park, but the average patch area is only 2.93㎢ and seven large shelters are located. Therefore the Asiatic black bears are negatively affected. This is the result of inconsistent national park use zone setting and actual park management. In overseas countries, research is active on the negative effects of human activity on ecosystems in protected areas. However, there is a lack of research of that in Korea. Thus, that research is required for protection area management in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR) is a technology that analyzes human speech sound into speech signals and then automatically converts them into character strings that can be understandable by human. Speech recognition technology has evolved from the basic level of recognizing a single word to the advanced level of recognizing sentences consisting of multiple words. In real-time voice conversation, the high recognition rate improves the convenience of natural information delivery and expands the scope of voice-based applications. On the other hand, with the active application of speech recognition technology, concerns about related cyber attacks and threats are also increasing. According to the existing studies, researches on the technology development itself, such as the design of the Automatic Speaker Verification(ASV) technique and improvement of accuracy, are being actively conducted. However, there are not many analysis studies of attacks and threats in depth and variety. In this study, we propose a cyber attack model that bypasses voice authentication by simply manipulating voice frequency and voice speed for AI voice recognition service equipped with automated identification technology and analyze cyber threats by conducting extensive experiments on the automated identification system of commercial smartphones. Through this, we intend to inform the seriousness of the related cyber threats and raise interests in research on effective countermeasures.