• 제목/요약/키워드: multiple-threshold

검색결과 405건 처리시간 0.025초

MULTIPLE FLUX SYSTEMS AND THEIR WINDING ANGLES IN HALO CME SOURCE REGIONS

  • Kim, Hye- Rim;Moon, Y.J.;Jang, Min-Hwan;Kim, R.S.;Kim, Su-Jin;Choe, G.S.
    • 천문학회지
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    • 제41권6호
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 2008
  • Recently, Choe & Cheng (2002) have demonstrated that multiple magnetic flux systems with closed configurations can have more magnetic energy than the corresponding open magnetic fields. In relation to this issue, we have addressed two questions: (1) how much fraction of eruptive solar active regions shows multiple flux system features, and (2) what winding angle could be an eruption threshold. For this investigation, we have taken a sample of 105 front-side halo CMEs, which occurred from 1996 to 2001, and whose source regions were located near the disk center, for which magnetic polarities in SOHO/MDI magnetograms are clearly discernible. Examining their soft X-ray images taken by Yohkoh SXT in pre-eruption stages, we have classified these events into two groups: multiple flux system events and single flux system events. It is found that 74% (78/105) of the sample events show multiple flux system features. Comparing the field configuration of an active region with a numerical model, we have also found that the winding angle of the eruptive flux system is slightly above $1.5{\pi}$.

3치 논리 게이트를 이용한 3치 순차 논리 회로 설계 (The Design of the Ternary Sequential Logic Circuit Using Ternary Logic Gates)

  • 윤병희;최영희;이철우;김흥수
    • 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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    • 제40권10호
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    • pp.52-62
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    • 2003
  • 본 논문에서는 3치 논리 게이트, 3치 D 플립플롭과 3치 4-디지트 병렬 입력/출력 레지스터를 제안하였다. 3치 논리 게이트는 n 채널 패스 트랜지스터와 뉴런 MOS(νMOS) 임계 인버터로 구성된다. 3치 논리 게이트들은 다양한 임계 전압을 갖는 다운 리터럴 회로를 사용하였고 전송함수를 바탕으로 설계되었다. 뉴런 MOS 트랜지스터는 다치 논리 구현에 가장 적합한 게이트이고 다양한 레벨의 입력 신호를 갖는다. 3치 D 플립 플롭과 3치 레지스터는 3치 데이터를 임시로 저장할 수 있는 저장 장치로 사용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 3.3V의 전원 전압을 사용하였고 0.35um 공정 파라미터를 이용하여 모의 실험을 통해 그 결과를 HSPICE로 검증하였다.

판별 함수를 이용한 문턱치 선정에 의한 약분류기 개선 (Improving Weak Classifiers by Using Discriminant Function in Selecting Threshold Values)

  • 샴 아디카리;유현중;김형석
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제10권12호
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    • pp.84-90
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    • 2010
  • Viola와 Jones가 사용한 Haar-like 특징 기반 약분류기의 분별력을 개선하기 위하여, 2차 판별식에 기반한 판정 경계(decision boundary) 결정 방법을 제안한다. Viola와 Jones가 부스팅된 약분류기 앙상블을 사용해서 강분류기를 만들 때 사용한 단일 판정 경계 기반 약분류기는 특징 공간을 지나치게 단순하게 해석한 산물이어서 대부분의 경우 최적이 아니며, 객체 클래스와 배경 클래스 간을 효율적으로 분별하기에 흔히 너무 약하다. 이 논문에서 제안하는 2차 판별식 분석에 기반한 방법은 객체 클래스와 배경 클래스 사이에 다중 판정 경계를 사용하는 약분류기를 만들어준다. 1000개의 positive 샘플과 3000개의 negative 샘플을 훈련에 사용하고, 500개의 positive와 500개의 negative를 테스트에 사용한 차량 검출 실험을 통해서, 기존의 단일 문턱치 기반 약분류기 방식에 비해, 제안 기법이 더 적은 수의 분류기를 사용하면서도 더 우수한 분류 성능을 제공하는 것을 확인하였다.

Spinal Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs) are Involved in the Melittin-induced Nociception in Rats

  • Cho, Chul-Hyun;Shin, Hong-Kee
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제12권5호
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    • pp.237-243
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    • 2008
  • Intraplantar injection of melittin has been known to induce sustained decrease of mechanical threshold and increase of spontaneous flinchings. The present study was undertaken to investigate how the melittin-induced nociceptive responses were modulated by changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity. Changes in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), number of flinchings and paw thickness were measured at a given time point after injection of melittin ($10{\mu}g$/paw) into the mid-plantar area of rat hindpaw. To observe the effects of mGluRs on the melittin-induced nociceptions, group I mGluR (AIDA, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$), $mGluR_1$ (LY367385, $50{\mu}g$ and $100{\mu}g$) and $mGluR_5$ (MPEP, $200{\mu}g$ and $300{\mu}g$) antagonists, group II (APDC, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$) and III (L-SOP, $100{\mu}g$ and $200{\mu}g$) agonists were intrathecally administered 20 min before melittin injection. Intraplantar injection of melittin induced a sustained decrease of mechanical threshold, spontaneous flinchings and edema. The effects of melittin to reduce mechanical threshold and to induce spontaneous flinchings were significantly suppressed following intrathecal pre-administration of group I mGluR, $mGluR_1$ and $mGluR_5$ antagonists, group II and III mGluR agonists. Group I mGluR antagonists and group II and III mGluR agonists had no significant effect on melittin-induced edema. These experimental findings indicate that multiple spinal mGluRs are involved in the modulation of melittin-induced nociceptive responses.

다중 이진화를 이용한 컨테이너 BIC 부호 영역 추출 및 인식 방법 (Container BIC-code region extraction and recognition method using multiple thresholding)

  • 송재욱;정나라;강현수
    • 한국정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.1462-1470
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    • 2015
  • 컨테이너 BIC-code란 국제 운송 및 복합적인 운송환경에서의 편의성을 위해 사용하고 있는 약속된 규약이다. BIC-code는 해상운송 컨테이너의 식별 부호이며 국가 code와 다양한 조작 등의 내용을 포함하고 있다. 해가 거듭될수록 항공, 해양을 통한 물류운송은 계속 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 해당 물류를 처리하는 항만에서는 신속하고 정확한 처리가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 컨테이너의 BIC-code를 다중 이진화를 통해 영역을 추출하고 개별 code를 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 코드 인식에 있어서, 기후 요소, 빛, 카메라 위치, 컨테이너의 색과 같은 다양한 요인으로 인해 고정된 임계값을 사용할 수 없다. 따라서 제안된 방법에서는 각 영상에 대해 다양한 임계값으로 인식을 수행하여 가장 우수한 인식 결과를 선택한다. 각 임계값에 대한 이진화, 레이블링, close연산을 통해 BIC-code의 가로, 세로 여부를 판단하여 잡음을 제거하고, 개별 code를 분리한다. 분리된 개별 code는 데이터베이스의 기본 자료와 템플릿 매칭을 통해 인식한다. 각 임계값에 대한 인식결과의 신뢰도를 측정하여 가장 신뢰도가 높은 결과를 선택하게 된다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 방법이 조명상황에 관계없이 컨테이너 BIC-code를 효과적으로 추출하고 인식함을 보인다.

Robust Relay Design for Two-Way Multi-Antenna Relay Systems with Imperfect CSI

  • Wang, Chenyuan;Dong, Xiaodai;Shi, Yi
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2014
  • The paper investigates the problem of designing the multiple-antenna relay in a two-way relay network by taking into account the imperfect channel state information (CSI). The objective is to design the multiple-antenna relay based upon the CSI estimates, where the estimation errors are included to attain the robust design under the worst-case philosophy. In particular, the worst-case transmit power at the multiple-antenna relay is minimized while guaranteeing the worst-case quality of service requirements that the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at both sources are above a prescribed threshold value. Since the worst-case received SNR expression is too complex for subsequent derivation and processing, its lower bound is explored instead by minimizing the numerator and maximizing the denominator of the worst-case SNR. The aforementioned problem is mathematically formulated and shown to be nonconvex. This motivates the pursuit of semidefinite relaxation coupled with a randomization technique to obtain computationally efficient high-quality approximate solutions. This paper has shown that the original optimization problem can be reformulated and then relaxed to a convex problem that can be solved by utilizing suitable randomization loop. Numerical results compare the proposed multiple-antenna relay with the existing nonrobust method, and therefore validate its robustness against the channel uncertainty. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed design and the associated influencing factors are discussed by means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations.

Multi-Parameter Based Scheduling for Multi-user MIMO Systems

  • Chanthirasekaran, K.;Bhagyaveni, M.A.;Parvathy, L. Rama
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제10권6호
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    • pp.2406-2412
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    • 2015
  • Multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) system has attracted the 4th generation wireless network as one of core technique for performance enrichment. In this system rate control is a challenging problem and another problem is optimization. Proper scheduling can resolve these problems by deciding which set of user and at which rate the users send their data. This paper proposes a new multi-parameter based scheduling (MPS) for downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system under space-time block coding (STBC) transmissions. Goal of this MPS scheme is to offer improved link level performance in terms of a low average bit error rate (BER), high packet delivery ratio (PDR) with improved resource utilization and service fairness among the user. This scheme allows the set of users to send data based on their channel quality and their demand rates. Simulation compares the MPS performance with other scheduling scheme such as fair scheduling (FS), normalized priority scheduling (NPS) and threshold based fair scheduling (TFS). The results obtained prove that MPS has significant improvement in average BER performance with improved resource utilization and fairness as compared to the other scheduling scheme.

다중 프레임 병합을 이용한 스포츠 비디오 자막 영역 추출 (Caption Region Extraction of Sports Video Using Multiple Frame Merge)

  • 강오형;황대훈;이양원
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.467-473
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    • 2004
  • 비디오내에서의 자막은 비디오 내용을 전달하는 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 기존의 자막 영 역 추출방법들은 잡음에 민감하여 배경에서 자막 영역의 추출이 어려웠다. 본 논문에서는 다중 프레임 병합과 영역 최소 사각형을 이용하여 스포츠 비디오에서 자막 영역을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 전처리과정으로서 명암 대비 스트래칭과 Othu Method를 이용하여 적응적 임계치를 추출할 수 있다. 다중 프레임 병합에 의하여 자막 프레임 구간을 추출하고, 자막 영역은 미디언 필터링, 형태학적 불림, 영역 레이블링, 후보 문자영역 필터링, 영역 최소 사각형 검출에 의하여 효율적으로 추출된다.

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Spatial spectrum approach for pilot spoofing attack detection in MIMO systems

  • Ning, Lina;Li, Bin;Wang, Xiang;Liu, Xiaoming;Zhao, Chenglin
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.941-949
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    • 2021
  • In this study, a spatial spectrum method is proposed to cope with the pilot spoofing attack (PSA) problem by exploiting the of uplink-downlink channel reciprocity in time-division-duplex multiple-input multiple-output systems. First, the spoofing attack in the uplink stage is detected by a threshold derived from the predefined false alarm based on the estimated spatial spectrum. When the PSA occurs, the transmitter (That is Alice) can detect either one or two spatial spectrum peaks. Then, the legitimate user (That is Bob) and Eve are recognized in the downlink stage via the channel reciprocity property based on the difference between the spatial spectra if PSA occurs. This way, the presence of Eve and the direction of arrival of Eve and Bob can be identified at the transmitter end. Because noise is suppressed by a spatial spectrum, the detection performance is reliable even for low signal-noise ratios and a short training length. Consequently, Bob can use beamforming to transmit secure information during the data transmission stage. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme compared with conventional methods.

AN M/G/1 VACATION QUEUE UNDER THE $P_{\lambda}^M-SERVICE$ POLICY

  • Lee, Ji-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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    • 제36권2호
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    • pp.285-297
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    • 2007
  • We consider the $P_{\lambda}^M-service$ policy for an M/G/1 queueing system in which the workload is monitored randomly at discrete points in time. If the level of the workload exceeds a threshold ${\lambda}$ when it is monitored, then the service rate is increased from 1 to M instantaneously and is kept as M until the workload reaches zero. By using level-crossing arguments, we obtain explicit expressions for the stationary distribution of the workload in the system.