• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine determine the relations relationship between the child's characteristics (i.e. temperament) and maternal behaviors (parenting and the content of demands) and the child's compliance. Data were gathered from 153 mothers of toddlers in Seoul, via questionnaires. The major principal results of this study were as follows: Neither gender nor age differences was found were observed in toddlers' compliance. Correlation analyses revealed significant relations relationships between both a child's emotionality and the mother's parenting, and a child's compliance. That is, in cases in which the child's emotional reactivity and the mother's authoritarian parenting were high, the child evidenced lower compliance, the child showed whereas the higher the mother's authoritative parenting were was, the higher compliance the child showed displayed. The hierarchical regressions analysis indicated that maternal demands on 'caring' was constituted the most significant variable to predict for the prediction of toddlers' compliance, and child activity level and maternal authoritative parenting behavior were also significant variables.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 1995

The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the relations between infant-mother attachment and maternal sensitivity, maltreatment, stress, and childhood experience, and (2) relations between infant-mother attachment and infant temperament. The subjects of the study were 55 14 to 20 month-old infants (27 boys and 28 girls) and their mothers in Seoul. In order to assess the patterns of infant-mother attachment, each infant-mother dyad was videotaped in the modified Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Each dyad was filmed for 3 minutes in the Questionnaire Situation of Smith and Pederson(Smith, & Pederson, 1988) to assess maternal sensitivity responding to infant's cues. Each mother also was interviewed by using a semi-structured questionnaire made by author to measure maternal maltreatment. Each mother was asked to complete three Likert-type questionnaires, containing Parenting Stress Index (PSI) (Abidin, 1990) to measure the maternal stress, Mother-Father Peer Scale (MFPS) (Epstein, 1983) to measure childhood experience, and Emotionality, Activity, Sociality (EAS) (Buss, & Plomin, 1984) to measure infant's temperament. The statistical procedures used for data analyses were correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient. The results showed that (1) mothers of insecure-avoidant infants maltreated their infants more than mothers of secure infants, and (2) in the multiple regression analysis, maternal maltreatment was predicted by maternal education, maternal stress (parent domain), and maternal childhood experience in relation to her own mother (acceptance vs. rejection).

• 한국간호교육학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.91-100
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the longitudinal effects of children's temperament on maternal depression. Methods: Data from a longitudinal cohort of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. The survey included 1,721 mother-child dyads. The mothers reported on their children's temperament and on maternal depression. The children's temperament was measured by the Emotionality, Activity and Sociability-Temperament Survey for Children-Parental Ratings, while maternal depression was measured by the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale. Results: The results showed that both children's temperament and maternal depression were relatively stable when the children were between the ages of 2 to 4. The mean maternal depression scores were 11.83 in 2010, 11.88 in 2011, and 11.75 in 2012. There were significant negative correlations between the maternal depression scores and children's ages, and sociability and activity subdomain scores ranged from r=-.05 to -.11 (p<.05). There was a significant positive correlation between children's emotionality subdomain scores and maternal depression scores (r=.35, p<.001). Children's temperament rament (emotionality: β=0.26, activity: β=-0.07, and sociability: β=-0.03) were significant factors in maternal depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate the need for the early assessment of and intervention for children's temperament and maternal depression. The results of this study will provide basic data for the development of nursing education programs related to early assessment and intervention to improve the health and quality of life of young children and mothers.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.47-65
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 영아와 어머니의 배경변인에 따라 어머니의 양육태도에는 어떠한 차이가 있으며 어머니의 양육태도와 영아의 기질 및 조화적합성이 보육시설에서의 적응에 어떠한 영향과 요인들 간의 미치는 상대적 영향력은 어떠한지를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위한 연구대상은 현재 서울과 경기도 및 제주특별자치도 지역에 소재한 총 8개 보육시설에 재원중인 만2세 영아 165명과 어머니, 그리고 보육시설에서의 영아의 담임교사들을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구결과 영아의 성별과 출생순위, 보육경험과 하루 평균 보육시설 이용시간, 그리고 어머니의 연령, 어머니 직업의 배경변인에는 차이가 없으나 어머니의 교육수준, 가정의 윌 평균 수입과 어머니의 주당 근로시간(일주일)에 따라 어머니의 양육태도는 차이가 있고, 보육시설 적응에 미치는 영향은 어머니의 통제적 태도와 긍정적 태도 그리고 영아의 규칙적 기질이었으며 보육시설에서의 전체적응에 미치는 상대적 영향력은 어머니의 통제적 태도와 긍정적 태도로 나타났다. 즉 어머니의 통제적 태도, 긍정적 태도가 높을수록 보육시설 전체 적응력이 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 어머니가 자녀를 엄격하게 통제하거나 자녀행동에 대해 통제하고자 하는 강한 엄포 분위기를 조성하기보다는 어머니가 자녀와 긍정적인 관계를 맺으며 개개 자녀에게 맞는 규칙과 훈육 및 적절한 통제성을 제시하여 자녀에 대해 긍정적으로 평가하는 양육태도로서 영아가 가정에서 어릴 적부터 부모로부터 긍정적 모자관계 형성을 통해 옳고 그름의 적절한 통제와 규칙과 규율을 배우면서 기본생활의 습관화 교육을 받은 자녀가 보육시설에서도 적응에 어려움이 없다는 의미로 해석 할 수 있다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.147-164
• /
• 2015

The purpose of the present study was to examine the trajectories of children's negative emotionality and mother's social parenting over a 3-year period (for children at ages 1-3) and to then analyze the bidirectional effects between the two variables. The longitudinal casual relationship among children's negative emotionality, mother's social parenting and peer interaction at age 3 was also examined. The data, taken from the Panel Study on Korean Children, were analyzed using latent growth modeling. The results were as follows. First, the level of negative emotionality was seen to have increased by 2 years of age, whereas the level of mother's social parenting decreased by this point. Second, higher initial negative emotionality predicted decreases in mother's social parenting, However, higher initial mother's social parenting predicted increases in children's negative emotionality. The initial level and slope of mothers' positive parenting predicted peer interaction at age 3, while only the slope of negative emotionality predicted peer interaction. These findings suggest that temperament and parenting predict changes in each other and peer interaction.

• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.715-728
• /
• 2012

This research aims at examining the relationships between mother-toddler interaction and its related variables. A total of 49 toddlers and their mothers were participated and observed in the child lab during free play. The main results of this study are as follows. First, among the mother-toddler interaction, 'involvement' was frequently used in comparison with the 'rejection' was the hardly used in their interaction. Second, the mothers' sensitivity, parenting stress, and the mother-toddler interaction had no significant difference by the mothers' job status or gender of toddlers. However, their parenting stress was lower in working mothers or mothers who have girls. Third, mother-toddler interaction was significantly correlated with the mothers' sensitivity, parenting stress, parenting style, and the temperament of toddlers. On the basis of this results, the implication related to the variables influencing mother-toddler interaction was discussed.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1997

This research was focused on the identification of difficult temperament of childhood. In order to identify the difficult temperament of childhood 336 of 3 and 6 graders were investigated. the difficult temperament of childhood was defined as the cahracteristics which were perceived as difficult for taking care of by mothers related to negative mother's attitude and related to the children's low competence. Mothers felt difficult in caring for the children with high activity and negative mood. Mothers showed negative attitude to the children with negative mood and low persistence. And the children with unpredictability and low persistence had lower perceived competence. In short high activity unpredictability negative mood and low persistence might be said as difficult temperament of childhood, These temperament categories-activity predictability mood and persistence-appeared as one factor in factor analysis. unpredictability negative mood and low persistency were shown as the difficult temperament in other studies but high activity should be examined more carefully.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.77-100
• /
• 2007

This study investigated child's self-esteem by the mediational role of mother's parenting self-efficacy and its relations to perceived social support, parenting behavior, and stress, and to child's temperament and gender. Participants were 403 Korean children(188 boys, 215 girls) and their mothers living in Seoul. Structural equation modeling for boys and girls and their mothers indicated that parenting self-efficacy mediated the relation between social support and parenting behaviors including Warmth-Acceptance and Rejection-Restriction. In these models, parenting self-efficacy related to child's self-esteem through parenting behavior. Child's temperament related to self-esteem directly in three parenting behavior models. In Permissiveness-Nonintervention, parenting self-efficacy mediated between social support and self-esteem in both boy's and girl's models, between child's temperament and self-esteem in only boy's model.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2007

Participants in this study on links between toddlers' compliance and variables were 97 toddlers and their mothers. Instruments were the Toddler Behavior Assessment Questionnaire (Goldsmith, 1988) and the Child Rearing Practice Report-Q Sort (Block, 1981). Toddlers' compliance was observed on clean-up and behavior-delay tasks. Data analysis was by logistic and regression analyses. Results on the clean-up task indicated lower compliance by difficult children and higher compliance by girls. On the behavior-delay task, boys with less difficult temperament showed higher compliance by mother's higher punishment attitudes, whereas highly difficult boys were more compliant by mother's lower punishment attitudes. Girls' compliance was higher than boys in the low inhibition group whereas boys' compliance was higher than girls in the high inhibition group.

• 대한가정학회지
• /
• 제42권12호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify how characteristics of young children (sex, age, birth order, temperament), parents (education level, employed or unemployed mother, mother's parenting behavior), and family (income) relate to young children's stress levels and to examine the relative effects of these variables on young children's stress. The subjects for this study were 287 young children, aged from 3 to 5 years old, selected from kindergartens and day-care centers in Busan. Data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression. The results were as follows. (1) Young children's stress was correlated with young children's sex, age, birth order and temperament. (2) Young children's stress was correlated with parenting behaviors. (3) Young children's stress was not correlated with income. (4) Children's emotionality and maternal overprotective behavior were the most significant variables affecting the stress experienced by boys and girls, respectively. (5) Maternal overprotective behavior variable affected both sibling and only children's stress.