Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회지)

The Korean Home Economics Association (대한가정학회)
권호 표지

Variables related to Toddler's Compliance : Child's Gender, Age, Temperament, Mother's Parenting and the Content of Demands

걸음마기 아동의 순종행동에 관련된 변인들 : 아동의 성, 연령, 기질, 어머니의 양육태도 및 요구내용을 중심으로

  • Park, Seong-Yeon (Deparntment of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Program in Child Development, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Shin, Young-Ah (Graduate school, Ewha Womans University)
  • 박성연 (이화여자대학교 심리학과 및 아동학연계/협동과정) ;
  • 신영아 (이화여자대학교 대학원 아동학)
  • Published : 2007.07.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine determine the relations relationship between the child's characteristics (i.e. temperament) and maternal behaviors (parenting and the content of demands) and the child's compliance. Data were gathered from 153 mothers of toddlers in Seoul, via questionnaires. The major principal results of this study were as follows: Neither gender nor age differences was found were observed in toddlers' compliance. Correlation analyses revealed significant relations relationships between both a child's emotionality and the mother's parenting, and a child's compliance. That is, in cases in which the child's emotional reactivity and the mother's authoritarian parenting were high, the child evidenced lower compliance, the child showed whereas the higher the mother's authoritative parenting were was, the higher compliance the child showed displayed. The hierarchical regressions analysis indicated that maternal demands on 'caring' was constituted the most significant variable to predict for the prediction of toddlers' compliance, and child activity level and maternal authoritative parenting behavior were also significant variables.

Keywords

References

  1. 곽혜경, 조복희(1999). 유아의 기질, 어머니의 통제책략과 유아의 자기통제 행동과의 관계. 아동학회지, 20(1), 165-176
  2. 김미정(2001). 어머니의 양육가치, 양육목표, 양육신념 및 조정행동과 유아의 순응행동간의 관계. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위논문
  3. 민혜영(1999). 교사-유아 상호작용 유형과 기질에 따른 유아의 사회성 발달에 관한 연구. 미래유아교육학회지, 6(1), 63-88
  4. 윤상근(2004). 자녀양육방식 자아존중감 및 정치적 효력감과 집합적 사회행동. 부산대학교 대학원 박사학위 논문
  5. 전수연(2002). 아동 기질과 부모 양육형태에 따른 행동발달의 차이. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문
  6. 홍계옥(2001). 어머니의 자기-지각, 양육행동 및 유아의 기질과 유아의 사회적능력, 아동학회지, 22(2), 2-14
  7. Baumrind, Diana.(1991). 'Parenting Styles and Adolescent Development.' pp. 746-758 in Richard M. Lerner, Anne C. Peterson, and Jeanne Brooks-Gunn(eds.). Encyclopedia of adolescence. Garland Pub. Co. : New York & London
  8. Becker, Wesley C.(1972). 'Consequences of Different Kinds of Parental Discipline.' pp29-72 in David R. Heise(ed.). Personality and Socialization. Rand Mcnally & company, Chicago
  9. Braungart-Rieker, J., Garwood, M. M., & Stifter, C. A.(1997). Compliance and noncompliance: The roles of maternal control and child temperament. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 18, 411-428 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(97)80008-1
  10. Buss, A. H., & Plomin, R.(1984). Temperament: Early developing personality traits. Hillside, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
  11. Chen, X., Li, W., Chen, H., & Liu, M.(2002). Noncompliance and child-rearing attitudes as predictors of aggressive. A longitudinal study in Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 26, 225-233 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000012
  12. Chen, X., Rubin, K. H., Liu, M., Chen, H., Wang, L., Li, D., Gao, X., Cen, G., Gu, H., & Li, B.(2003). Compliance in Chinese and Canadian toddlers: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Behavioral Development. 27, 428-436 https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000046
  13. Crockenberg, S., & Litman, C.(1990). Autonomy as competence in 2-year-olds: Maternal correlates of child defiance, compliance, and self-assertion. Developmental Psychology, 26, 961-971 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.961
  14. Feldman, R., & Klein. P. S.(2003). Toddlers' self-regulated compliance to mothers; caregivers, and fathers: Implications for theories of socialization. Developmental Psychology, 39, 680-692 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.4.680
  15. Gralinski, J. H., & Kopp, C. B.(1993). Everyday rules for behavior: Mothers' requests to young children. Developmental Psychology, 29, 573-584 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.3.573
  16. Grolinick, W. S., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M.(1997). Internalization within the family: The self-determination theory perspective. In J. E. Grusee & Kuczynski(Eds.), Parenting and children's internalizations of values : A handbook of contermporart theory(pp. 135-161). New York: Wiley
  17. Grusec, J. E., & Goodnow, J. J.(1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child's internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4-19 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.1.4
  18. Ho, D. Y. F.(1986). Chinese pattern of socialization: A critical review. In M. H. Bond(Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people(pp.1-37). New York: Oxford University Press
  19. Hoffman, M. L.(1970). Moral development. In. P. H. Mussen(Ed.), Carmichael's manual of child psychology(Vol. 2, pp. 261-360). New York: Wiley
  20. Kaler, S. R., & Kopp, C. B.(1990). Compliance and comprehension in very young toddlers. Child Development, 61, 1997-2003 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130853
  21. Kochanska, G.(1997b). Mutually responsive orientation between mothers and their young children: Implications for early socialization. Child Development, 68, 94-112 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131928
  22. Kochanska, G.(2002). Committed compliance, moral self, and internalization: A mediational model. Developmental Psychology, 38, 339-351 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.3.339
  23. Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N.(1995). Mother-child mutually positive affect, the quality of child compliance to requests and prohibitions, and maternal control as correlates of early internalization. Child Development, 66, 236-254 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131203
  24. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., & Koenig, A. L.(1995). A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers' conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization. Child Development, 66, 1752-1769 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131908
  25. Kochanska, G., Coy, K. C., & Murray, K. T.(2001). The development of self-regulation in the first four years of life. Child Development, 72, 1091-1111 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00336
  26. Kochanska, G., Murray, K., & Coy, K. C.(1997). Inhibitory control as a contributor to conscience in childhood: From toddler to early school age. Child Development, 68, 263-277 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131849
  27. Kochanska, G., Tjebkes, T. L., & Forman, D. R.(1998). Children's emerging regulation of conduct: Restraint, compliance, and internalization from infancy to the second year. Child Development, 69, 1378-1389 https://doi.org/10.2307/1132272
  28. Kopp, C. B.(1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199-214 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199
  29. Kuczynski, L.(1982). Intensity and orientation of reasoning: Motivational determinants of children's compliance to verbal rationales. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 34, 357-370 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0965(82)90066-2
  30. Kuczynski, L.(1983). Reasoning prohibitions and motivations for compliance. Developmental Psychology, 19, 126-134 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.19.1.126
  31. Kuczynski, L., & Kochanska, G.(1990). Development of children's noncompliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology, 26, 398-408 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.3.398
  32. Kuczynski, L., & Kochanska, G.(1995). Function and Content of Maternal Demands: Developmental Significance of Early Demands for Competent Action. Child Development, 66, 616-628 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131938
  33. Kuczynski, L., Kochanska, G., Radke-Yarrow, M., & Girnius-Brown, O.(1987). A developmental interpretation of young children's noncompliance. Developmental Psychology, 23, 799-806 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.6.799
  34. Lepper, m.(1973). Dissonanace, self-perception, and honesty in children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 65-74 https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034269
  35. Lerner, J. V.(1993). The influence of child temperamental characteristics on parent behaviors. In T. Luster, & L. Okagaki(Eds.), Parenting: An ecological perspective(pp.101-120). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  36. Lewis, J.(1977). The relation of individual temperament to initial social behavior. In R. C. Smart & M. S. Smart(Eds.), Reading in child development and relationships. New York: Macmillan
  37. Loeber, R.(1982). The stability of antisocial and delinquent child behavior: A review. Child Development, 53, 1431-1466 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130070
  38. Loeber, R., & Schmaling, K. B.(1985). Empirical evidence for overt and covert patterns of antisocial conduct problems: A metaanalysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13(2), 337-352 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00910652
  39. Maccoby, E. E.(1990). Gender and relationships. American Psychologist, 45, 513-520 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.4.513
  40. Maccoby, E. E.(1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1008-1017
  41. Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N.(1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press
  42. McLaughlin, B.(1983). Child compliance to parental control techniques. Developmental Psychology, 19, 667-673 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.19.5.667
  43. Minton, C., Kagan, J., & Levine, J. A.(1971). Maternal control and obedience in the two-year-old. Child Development, 42, 1873-1894 https://doi.org/10.2307/1127592
  44. Parker-Cohen, N. Y., & Bell, R. Q.(1988). The relationship between temperament and social adjustment to peer. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 3, 179-192 https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-2006(88)90021-X
  45. Patterson, G. R.(1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castilia
  46. Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B., & Ramsey, E.(1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 329-335 https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.329
  47. Power, T. G., & Chapieski, M. L.(1986). Childrearing and impulse control in toddlers: A naturalistic investigation. Developmental Psychology, 22, 271-275 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.2.271
  48. Robinson, Clyde, Barbara Mandleco, Susanne Frost Olsen, and Craig H. Hart.(1995). 'Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting Practices: Development of a New Measure.' Psychological Reports, 77 : 819-830 https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
  49. Rothbart, M., & Derryberry, D.(1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In M. E. Lamb, & A. L. Brown(Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology(pp.37-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
  50. Rothbart, M. K.(1989). Temperament in childhood: A framework. In G.A. Kohnstamm & J. E. Bates(Eds.), Temperament in childhood(pp.59-73). Chichester, UK: Wiley
  51. Rothbaum, F., & Crockenberg, S.(1995). Maternal control and two-year-olds' compliance and defiance. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 18, 193-210 https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549501800201
  52. Schneider-Rosen, K., & Wenz-Gross, M.(1990). Patterns of compliance from eighteen to thirty months of age. Child Development, 61, 104-112 https://doi.org/10.2307/1131051
  53. Shaw, D. S., Keenan, K., & Vondra, J. I.(1994). Developmental precursors of externalizing behavior: Ages 1 to 3. Developmental Psychology, 30, 355-364 https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.30.3.355
  54. Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Hwang, C. P., Broberg, A., Ketterlinus, R. D., & Bookstein, F. L.(1991). Does out-at-home care affect compliance in preschoolers? International Journal of Behavioral Development, 14, 45-65 https://doi.org/10.1177/016502549101400103
  55. Stifter, C. A., Spinrad, T. L., & Braungart-Rieker, J. M.(1999). Toward a developmental model of child compliance: The role of emotion regulation in infancy. Child Development, 70, 21-32 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00003
  56. Vaughn, B. E., Kopp, C. B., & Krakow, J. B.(1984). The emergence and consolidation of self-control from 18 to 30 months of ages: Normative trends and individual differences. Child Development, 55, 990-1004 https://doi.org/10.2307/1130151
  57. Whiting, B. B., & Edwards, C. P.(1988). Children of different worlds: The formation of social behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press