• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 1991

Tne mathematical modeling and analysis results of a dataflow logic solving processor(DFLSP) for programmable logic controller(PLC) are proposed in this paper. The logic program language is formalized using a dataflow graph model. From this dataflow graph, the instruction precedence relationship, and deadlock problems, which are major properties of a logic program, are described.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06b
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• pp.357-360
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• 2001

As SOC design methodology becomes popular, processors, the essential core in embedded system are required to be designed fast and supported to customers with expansive behavior description. This paper presents new methodology to meet such goals with designer configurable instruction set simulator for processors. This paper proposes new language called PML(Processor Modeling Language), which is based on microprogramming scheme and is also successful in most behavior of processors. By using this, we can describe scalar processor very efficiently with by-far faster simulation speed in compared with HDL model.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.93-117
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• 2019

Considering precedent studies in which research subjects are mainly confined to secondary school students or higher grade students of elementary schools, we can notice that there has been implicit agreement that instruction of mathematical modeling is quite difficult to lower grade students of elementary schools. Compared to this tendency, this study aims to examine the possibility of instruction of mathematical modeling for all of school ages, and more specifically, the applicability of mathematical modeling tasks to lower graders. To do this, we developed a mathematical modeling task proper to cognitive characteristics of lower graders and applied this task to the second graders. Based on the research results by lesson observation and the teacher's reflection, some didactical suggestions were induced for teaching the lower grade elementary school students mathematical modeling.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-40
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• 1996

In the last 20 years, educators have made significant advances in their thinking about how students learn and what it is that teachers ought to teach. They attempted to teach thinking s kills and designed instructional programs to facilitate learning. The purpose of this study was to review metacognitive approaches in reading comprehension instruction, and to provide some practical implications to school teachers. First, this study reviewed the concept of metacognition. Metacognition can be divided by metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences. Metacognitive knowledge consists of knowledge or beliefs about what factors interact to affect the outcome of cognitive enterprises. Metacognitive experiences are executive control of one's own cognitive process, which include planning, monitorning and evaluating. Second, this study attempted to investigate the processes of reading comprehension in the metacognitively based view. Third, this study reviewed three kinds of reading comprehension instruction. In the metacognitive approaches, instruction is viewed as constructive process in which teachers and students mediate and negotiate meaning from the instructional environment. In order to enhance reading comprehension, teachers should use examples, explicit instruction, modeling, and elaboration to provide sufficient scaffolding to students. The scaffolding gradually diminishes as students learn to use and apply the reading strategies on their own. Also, students should be encouraged to attribute successful reading to the use of appropriate strategies.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.201-225
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• 2022

This paper details case study vignettes that focus on enhancing the teaching and learning of geometry and measurement in the elementary grades with attention to pedagogical practices for teaching through problem solving with rigor and centering equitable teaching practices. Rigor is a matter of equity and opportunity (Dana Center, 2019). Rigor matters for each and every student and yet research indicates historically disadvantaged and underserved groups have more of an opportunity gap when it comes to rigorous mathematics instruction (NCTM, 2020). Along with providing a conceptual framework that focuses on the importance of equitable instruction, our study unpacks ways teachers can leverage their deep understanding of geometry and measurement learning trajectories to amplify the mathematics through rigorous problems using multiple approaches including learning by doing, challenged-based and mathematical modeling instruction. Through these vignettes, we provide examples of tasks taught through rigorous problem solving approaches that support conceptual teaching and learning of geometry and measurement. Specifically, each of the three vignettes presented includes a task that was implemented in an elementary classroom and a vertically articulated task that engaged teachers in a professional learning workshop. By beginning with elementary tasks to more sophisticated concepts in higher grades, we demonstrate how vertically articulating a deeper understanding of the learning trajectory in geometric thinking can add to the rigor of the mathematics.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.434-454
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• 2023

This study explored the composition and attributes of modeling instructions and factors of teacher competence in elementary science classes. The study also examined educational research papers regarding modeling instruction cases in elementary schools and elementary teachers' perceptions of modeling instructions using qualitative meta-analysis, which can integrate findings from qualitative research. This investigation led to creating a small group to compose modeling instructions. Furthermore, the modeling approach was demonstrated to go through the process of generating, evaluating, and modifying the model. The attributes of modeling instructions can be divided into factors that affect modeling instructions and competence factors necessary for students participating in modeling instructions. The factors affecting modeling instructions included "small group interactions" and "time limitation in classes." The competence factors necessary for students participating in modeling instructions included "scientific knowledge," "meta-modeling knowledge," and the "ability to control emotions." The teacher competence factors in modeling instructions regarding knowledge, function, and attitude were explored. The teacher competence factors in elementary modeling instructions included "meta-modeling knowledge," "knowledge of modeling assessment," "emotional support for students," and the "awareness of modeling value." Accordingly, this study offered some recommendations for effective modeling instructions.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.181-196
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• 2011

In mathematical modeling tasks, where students are exposed to model-eliciting for real and open problems, students are supposed to formulate and use a variety of mathematical skills and tools at hand to achieve feasible and meaningful solutions using appropriate problem solving strategies. In contrast to problem solving activities in conventional math classes, math modeling tasks call for varieties of mathematical ability including mathematical creativity. Mathematical creativity encompasses complex and compound traits. Many researchers suggest the exhaustive list of criterions of mathematical creativity. With regard to the research considering the possibility of enhancing creativity via math modeling instruction, a quantitative scheme to scale and calibrate the creativity was investigated and the assessment of math modeling activity was suggested for practical purposes.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.167-202
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• 2023

A central problem of mathematics teaching worldwide is probably the insufficient adaptive handling of tasks-especially in computational practice phases and modeling tasks. All students in a classroom must often work on the same tasks. In the process, the high-achieving students are often underchallenged, and the low-achieving ones are overchallenged. This publication uses different modeling of the tennis serve as an example to show a possible solution to the problem and develops and discusses one adaptive task each for middle school, high school, and college using three mathematical models of the tennis serve each time. From model to model within the task, the complexity of the modeling increases, the mathematical or physical demands on the students increase, and the new modeling leads to more realistic results. The proposed models offer the possibility to address heterogeneous learning groups by their arrangement in the surface structure of the so-called parallel adaptive task and to stimulate adaptive mathematics teaching on the instructional topic of mathematical modeling. Models A through C are suitable for middle school instruction, models C through E for high school, and models E through G for college. The models are classified in the specific modeling cycle and its extension by a digital tool model, and individual modeling steps are explained. The advantages of the presented models regarding teaching and learning mathematical modeling are elaborated. In addition, we report our first teaching experiences with the developed parallel adaptive tasks.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

"In computer-assisted learning (CAL), small group problem-solving instruction is efficient. CAL should shift the focus of school mathematics toward goals for problem solving and mathematical modeling. For the shift, the roles and responsibilities for teachers are very important in CAL" (Heid et al. 1990).

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 2016

In this study, modeling pedagogies were employed to re-design and teach the unit of Seasonal Changes in the $6^{th}$ grade science curriculum. The effects of the modeling-based program were investigated in both the conceptual and affective domains using an approach of mixing quantitative and qualitative techniques. The result showed that the students in the modeling-based science inquiry classroom gained a higher mean score in a conceptual achievement test than their counterparts in a traditional science classroom. The number of the conceptual resources activated to explain the causes of the seasons, as well as the types of student explanations developed through the combination of the resources activated, were greater in the modeling-based classroom. The modeling-based science inquiry was also effective in improving student attitudes toward science lessons. It was revealed, however, that the students experienced both positive and negative epistemic feelings during the modeling-based science inquiry. Implications of these findings for science education and relevant research were suggested and discussed.