• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2010

This paper describes the development of a low-power electrocardiogram (ECG) touch sensor intended for the use with two dry metal electrodes. An equivalent ECG extraction circuit model encountered in a ground-free two-electrode configuration is investigated for an optimal sensor read-out circuit design criteria. From the equivalent circuit model, (1) maximum sensor resolution is derived based on the electrode's background thermal noise, which originates from high electrode-skin contact impedance, together with the input referred noise of instrumentation amplifier (IA), (2) 60 Hz electrostatic coupling from mains and motion artifact are also considered to determine minimum requirement of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and input impedance of IA. A dedicated ECG read-out front end incorporating chopping scheme is introduced to provide an input referred circuit noise of 1.3 ${\mu}V_{rms}$ over 0.5 Hz ~ 200 Hz, CMRR of IA > 100 dB, sensor resolution of 7 bits, and dissipating only 36 ${\mu}W$. Together with 8 bits synchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, the sensor IC chip is implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and integrated on a 5 cm $\times$ 8 cm PCB with two copper patterned electrodes. With the help of proposed touch sensor, ECG signal containing QRS complex and P, T waves are successfully extracted by simply touching the electrodes with two thumbs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.691-696
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• 2015

소프트웨어 결함에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 기업은 소프트웨어를 개발하는 조직, 고객대응 조직, 품질관리 조직 등 다양한 방법과 채널을 이용하여 개선을 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 이렇게 수집된 결함 데이터 들을 그 조건과 용도에 맞게 분석하여 소프트웨어 결함을 최소화하고 나아가 제품품질 향상에 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 기업용 소프트웨어의 결함 추이를 테스트 성숙도 모델을 기반으로 분석하여 결함 예방 프로세스를 수립하고 프로젝트에 적용하여 106개의 결함이 16개로 감소하였다. 본 연구는 소프트웨어 품질활동 중 기본이 되는 기존결함에 관심을 가짐으로서 최소한의 자원을 활용하여 소프트웨어 제품 품질을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는데 의의를 가진다.

• Composites Research
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

본 논문 MSC/NASTRAN을 사용하여 Ka 와 Ku 대역 위성 탑재형 안테나 구조물의 자유진동현상 및 정현파 강제 진동 응답에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하였다 안테나 구조물과 위성 버스체간의 동적 연성을 피하고, 기본 강성 조건을 입증하기 위해 최소 고유진동수 조건을 만족하도록 설계하였다. 정현파 강제 진동의 경우, Large mass 방법을 사용하여 기저 진동형태로 해석하였고, X-, Y-, Z- 축에 대해 독립적으로 입력 가속도에 대한 응답 가속도들을 관찰하였다. 유한요소해석을 통해 얻어진 결과들은 실제 위성 안테나 검증 실험에 있어서 검증 및 비교 자료로 사용될 수 있고, 시험 계획 수립에도 응용될 수 있다

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.997_998
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• 2009

Nowadays DC-DC converter has been used widely in electronic production. It has a high requirement in wide input voltage, load variations, stability, providing a fast transient response and the most important thing is that it can be applied easily and efficiently. However, it is not easy to be controlled because of nonlinear system. This study introduces a fuzzy linear control design method for nonlinear systems with optimal $H^{\infty}$ robustness performance. First, the Takagi and Sugeno fuzzy linear model is employed to approximate a nonlinear system. Next, based on the fuzzy linear model, a fuzzy controller is developed to stabilize the nonlinear system, and at the same time the effect of external disturbance on control performance is attenuated to a minimum level. Thus based on the fuzzy linear model, ��$H^{\infty}$ performance design can be achieved in nonlinear control systems. Linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques are employed to solve this robust fuzzy control problem. PI control structure is used and the control gains are determined based on $H^{\infty}$ control.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2018

A compact heat exchanger is one of critical components in a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR). Alloy 617 (Ni-Cr-Co-Mo) is considered as one of leading candidates for this application due to its excellent thermal stability and strengths in anticipated operating conditions. On the basis of current ASME code requirements, sixty sheets of this alloy are prepared for diffusion welding, which is the key technology to have a reliable compact heat exchanger. Optical microscopic analysis show that there are no cracks, incomplete bond, and porosity at/near the interface of diffusion weldment, but Cr-rich carbides and Al-rich oxides are identified through high resolution electron microscopic analysis. In high-temperature tensile testing, superior yield strengths of the diffusion weldment compared to the code requirement are obtained up to 1223 K ($950^{\circ}C$). However, both tensile strength and ductility drop rapidly at higher temperature due to the insufficient grain boundary migration across the interface of diffusion weldment. Best fit curves for minimum yield strength and average tensile strength are drawn from the experimental tensile results of this study.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2014

Airworthiness authorities specify the technical standards of airworthiness that propose minimum requirement of the commercial transport category and apply the rules in the certification process to ensure the safety of the aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration and other national airworthiness authorities define the fatal accident risk levels for the safety assessment of the aircraft system and establish standard procedures to apply both qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. However, an accident or incident may occur by the combination of various factors, although the aircraft is designed in accordance with the strict standards and approval by the Airworthiness Authorities. There are some key factors, such as human error, unpredictable complex system failures, degradation of the components reliability, improper maintenance task and intervals. Risk can be reduced by reflecting aircraft operational experience with similar types of aircraft in the process of aircraft development and safety assessment. Result of the root cause analysis for the Airbus A300-600 incident in which the aircraft engine reverser was deployed in the air have been introduced to reflect the design of system and related components. Also, this paper suggests to create a big-database in order to provide a feed-back to the FAR Part 25 transport category design and safety assessment of the operational experience.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2016

In this paper, component sizing and analysis of the novel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configuration is conducted. Newly proposed powertrain configuration in prior study has an internal combustion engine and two electric motors. To optimize component size of the vehicle system and reduction gear ratio, component sizing methodology is proposed and conducted. Required power for vehicle's dynamic performance is calculated to decide minimum power requirement of powertrain component combination. Component size of engine and electric motor are optimized using vehicle simulation to maximize fuel economy performance. Optimized powertrain configuration and vehicle simulation results present validation of newly proposed vehicle system.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.383-394
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• 2007

Due to the clutch's non-linear dynamics, time-delays, external disturbance and parameter uncertainty, the automated clutch is difficult to control precisely during the launch process or automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) vehicles. In this paper, an enhanced fuzzy sliding mode controller (EFSMC) is proposed to control the automated clutch. The sliding and global stability conditions are formulated and analyzed in terms of the Lyapunov full quadratic form. The chattering phenomenon is handled by using a saturation function to replace the pure sign function and fuzzy logic adaptation system in the control law. To meet the real-time requirement of the automated clutch, the region-wise linear technology s adopted to reduce the fuzzy rules of the EFSMC. The simulation results have shown hat the proposed controller can achieve a higher performance with minimum reaching time and smooth control actions. In addition, our data also show that the controller is effective and robust to the parametric variation and external disturbance.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1978-1987
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• 2014

Power requirement to the induction heating system varies during the heating process. A closed loop control is required to have a smooth control over the power. In this work, a constant frequency pulse density modulation based power tracking control scheme for domestic induction heating system is developed using the Fuzzy Logic Controller. In the conventional power modulation schemes, the switching losses increase with the change in the load. The proposed pulse density modulation scheme maintains minimum switching losses for the entire load range. This scheme is implemented for the class-D series resonant inverter system. Fuzzy logic controller based power tracking control scheme is developed for domestic induction heating power supply for various power settings. The open loop and closed loop simulation studies are done using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation tool. The control logic is implemented in hardware using the PIC16F877A microcontroller. Fuzzy controller tracks the set power by changing the pulse density of the gate pulses applied to the inverter. The results obtained are used to know the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic controller to achieve the set power.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.831-850
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• 2013

The high strength materials have been more widely used in reinforced concrete structures because of the benefits of the mechanical and durable properties. Generally, it is known that the ductility decreases with an increase in the strength of the materials. In the design of a reinforced concrete beam, both the flexural strength and ductility need to be considered. Especially, when a reinforced concrete structure may be subjected an earthquake, the members need to have a sufficient ductility. So, each design code has specified to provide a consistent level of minimum flexural ductility in seismic design of concrete structures. Therefore, it is necessary to assess accurately the ductility of the beam sections with high strength materials in order to ensure the ductility requirement in design. In this study, the effects of concrete strength, yield strength of reinforcement steel and amount of reinforcement including compression reinforcement on the complete moment-curvature behavior and the curvature ductility factor of doubly reinforcement concrete beam sections have been evaluated and a newly prediction formula for curvature ductility factor of doubly RC beam sections has been developed considering the stress of compression reinforcement at ultimate state. Based on the numerical analysis results, the proposed predictions for the curvature ductility factor are verified by comparisons with other prediction formulas. The proposed formula offers fairly accurate and consistent predictions for curvature ductility factor of doubly reinforced concrete beam sections.