• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1007-1012
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• 2010

The aim of the present study was to describe whether abnormal cervical mucus discharge (A-CMD) or pathogens in cervical mucus discharge (CMD) have effects on reproductive performance of cows and heifers in estrus. Animals having clear discharges (68 cows, 38 heifers) with normal viscosity and without bad odor were grouped as normal cervical mucous discharge (N-CMD) group. The other animals (84 cows, 32 heifers) were grouped as A-CMD group. Microorganisms isolated from samples were divided into three groups as uterine pathogens (UP), potential uterine pathogens (PUP) or opportunistic uterine pathogens (OUP). Presence of PUP was associated with A-CMD for both cows (p<0.01) and heifers (p<0.02). First service conception rates (FS-CR) were lower in cows positive for PUP (p<0.01). Moreover, presence of PUP and OUP affected FS-CR in heifers (p<0.01). Although A-CMD significantly affected FS-CR in cows (p<0.04), it did not affect FS-CR in heifers. Differences in average open day for cows (p<0.02) and first service age for heifers (p<0.01) were significant between N-CMD and A-CMD groups, respectively. The current study suggested that CMD should be evaluated more carefully when there are infertility problems. In addition to the known microorganism that causes sterility and infertility in the UP group, pathogens in the PUP group should be considered for their potential to cause infertility.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.436-445
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• 2020

Objective: Ensiling is a simple and effective method for long-term preservation; however, less information exists about the ensilability characteristics of garlic stalk (GS). Therefore, the objectives were to examine the ensiling feasibility of GS. Methods: The GS was ensiled alone or inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum KU5 in the presence or absence of 5% molasses and ensiled for 7, 14, and 28 d. As an alternative storage method, GS was co-ensiled with wet citrus pulp (CP) at different proportions (GS:CP: 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60). Analysis was made on physicochemical, fermentative, and nutritional parameters. Results: The GS was found to be a biomass which is difficult to ensile. A combination of microbial inoculant and molasses was successful in the improvement of the silage fermentation quality of GS. Co-ensiling of GS with wet CP at the mixing ratio of 50:50 provided the most desirable silage fermentation parameters, including the substantial lactic acid formation, low final pH, minor effluent loss, and the more favorable organoleptic properties. Conclusion: Co-ensiling GS with CP appears to be a simple and viable method of conservation, enabling the more efficient utilization of these by-product resources over a prolonged period.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2012

Resveratrol, a natural compound, has been shown to possess anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective activities. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative and cytotoxicity properties of resveratrol in Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells; although it's molecular mechanisms for the biological effects are not fully defined. Here, we examined the cellular cytotoxicity of resveratrol by cell viability assay, antiproliferation by BrdU assay, DNA fragmentation by DNA ladder assay, activation of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins were detected by western blot analyses. The results of our investigation suggest that resveratrol increased cellular cytotoxicity of Rat B103 neuroblastoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner with $IC_{50}$ of 17.86 ${\mu}M$ at 48 h. On the other hand, incubation of neuroblastoma cells with resveratrol resulted in S-phase cell cycle arrests which dose-dependently and significantly reduced BrdU positive cells through the downregulation of cyclin D1 protein. In addition, resveratrol dose-dependently and significantly downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein includes Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 and also activates cleavage caspase-9 and-3 via the downregulation of procaspase-9 and -3 in a dose-dependent manner which indicates that involvement of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol increases cellular cytotoxicity and inhibits the proliferation of B103 neuroblastoma cells by inducing mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase dependent pathway which suggests this natural compound could be used as therapeutic purposes for neuroblastoma malignancies.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.144-153
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• 2014

Both docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) have attracted increasing attention since the first epidemiological report on the importance of n-3 essential fatty acids. Lipids in microbial cells play various biological roles and, consequently, much research has been carried out on their role in cell physiology. The lipid composition of microorganisms can exhibit considerable variations depending on environment. The effects of culture conditions, temperature (15, 20, 24, 28, 32 and $36^{\circ}C$), salinity (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 psu), pH (pH5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), rotation speeds (50, 100, 150 and 200 rpm), carbon sources, nitrogen sources and C/N ratio on the production of docosahexaenoic acid, fatty-acid profiles, and acids secreted to the broth culture by the oleaginous microorganism, Schizochytrium mangrovei (KCTC 11117BP), were studied. Temperature (initially $28^{\circ}C$), salinity (20 psu), pH (pH7), rotation speeds (100 rpm), organism fatty acids, and secreted acids in the broth were varied during cultivation of S. mangrovei. At pH 7.0, S. mangrovei was able to accumulate lipids up to 40% of its biomass, with 13% (w/w) DHA content. The monosaccharides glucose and fructose, and yeast extract were suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. The primary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid produced was docosahexaenoic acid.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1604-1613
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• 2018

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is a probiotic commonly used in fermented dairy products. In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed to unravel the effects of acid stress on LGG. The transcriptomic data revealed that the exposure of LGG to acid at pH 4.5 (resembling the final pH of fermented dairy products) for 1 h or 24 h provoked a stringent-type transcriptomic response wherein stress response- and glycolysis-related genes were upregulated, whereas genes involved in gluconeogenesis, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were suppressed. Notably, the pilus-specific adhesion genes, spaC, and spaF were significantly upregulated upon exposure to acid-stress. The transcriptomic results were further confirmed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Moreover, acid-stressed LGG demonstrated an enhanced mucin-binding ability in vitro, with 1 log more LGG cells (p < 0.05) bound to a mucin layer in a 96-well culture plate as compared to the control. The enhanced intestinal binding ability of acid-stressed LGG was confirmed in an animal study, wherein significantly more viable LGG cells (${\geq}2log\;CFU/g$) were observed in the ileum, caecum, and colon of acid-stressed LGG-treated mice as compared with a non-acid-stressed LGG-treated control group. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that acid stress enhanced the intestine-binding ability of LGG through the induction of pili-related genes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.471-481
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• 2011

Clove has been frequently used as anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic drug and remedies for stomachache by coldness. In this study, the antioxidant activity of extract from Clove was studied in vitro methods by measuring the antioxidant activity by TEAC, measuring the scavenging effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) [superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical] and on reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [nitric oxide and peroxynitrite] as well as measuring the inhibitory effect on $Cu^{2+}$-induced human LDL oxidation. Anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombotic effects of Clove extracts were studied ex vivo methods by mesuring the inhibitory effect on thrombin induced platelet aggregation and the fibrinolytic activity. The Clove extracts were found to have a potent scavenging activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on LDL oxidation in vitro. Moreover Clove extracts were exhibited remarkable inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and fibrinolytic activity. In conclusion, the Clove extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic effects in vitro and ex vivo system, which can be used for developing pharmaceutical drug against oxidative stress and atherosclerosis.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.219-231
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• 2007

The effects of intraduodenal administration of Clostridium perfringens type D whole culture in goats were evaluated to develop a reliable experimental model of enterotoxemia in this species and the eventual evaluation of treatment with different drug preparations was also carried out. A total of 28 conventionally reared healthy unvaccinated black bangle goat kids of 6-12 months of age were dosed intraduodenally with whole cultures of C peliringens type D. Four kids were used as controls and received sterile, nontoxic culture medium intraduodenally. All animals received starch solution into the abomasum. The clinical signs developed within 12 hours of post inoculation that were similar to those observed in naturally occurring cases. Among the clinical signs, diarrhea was most common (96.43%) followed by dyspnea (53.57%) and central nervous system (CNS) signs (25.0%). The most striking postmortem findings consisted of necrotizing pseudomembranous colitis (100.0%), lung edema (69.23%) and fluid filled intestines (61.53%). The protocol thus provided a reasonable model of naturally occurring enterotoxemia in goats, producing a range of clinical signs and postmortem changes similar to those observed in the natural disease. Beside this, treatment trial with different drug preparations showed penicillin combined with antitoxin was most effective (100.0%), followed by combination of oxytetracyclin with antitoxin, and combined preparation of antitoxin and sulfur drugs both showed 75% recovery rate. On the other hand, treatment with antitoxin, penicillin and oxytetracycline singly could protect goat enterotoxaemia only 25.0%, 50.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Thus in the present study, it eas observed that antisera in combination of antibiotics gave better recovery rate than the antitoxin or antibiotics alone.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

Secondary metabolites in the culture filtrates of lactic acid bacteria offer varied chiral moieties, making them a valuable resource for drug design scaffolding. Our previous methodology included using a combination of anion exchange resins, Amberlite IRA-67 and Purolite A420S, to purify significant quantities of Lactobacillus plantarum LBP-K10 peptidyl compounds. However, current experimental evidence regarding the impact of native culture extracts and/or filtrates on pathogenic fungi in vivo/in vitro is insufficient. This study analyzed the antifungal properties of two different probiotic cultures: the CH₂Cl₂-extracted filtrate of Chinese cabbage kimchi (CH₂Cl₂-extracted CCK_WLB and CH₂Cl₂-extracted CCK_WOLB) and the non-extracted filtrate of Chinese cabbage kimchi (non-extracted CCK_WLB and non-extracted CCK_WOLB). The samples were divided into two groups: one group was inoculated with probiotics while the other group remained non-inoculated. Filtrates from both experimental groups were utilized for antifungal assays. The treatments employing CCK_WLB, with an initial inoculation of Lb. plantarum LBP-K10 as a starter, demonstrated significant antifungal activity under various experimental conditions. Our study offers new perspectives on the antifungal properties of CH₂Cl₂-extracted kimchi filtrates, which are naturally produced by lactobacilli. The efficacy of antifungal compounds is supported by substantial evidence demonstrating their efficient uptake by cells and the antifungal properties exerted by metabolites.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2024

This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers and investigate changes in intestinal microbiota in the feces of healthy participants following administration of Lactococcus lactis GEN-001. GEN-001 is a single-strain L. lactis strain isolated from the gut of a healthy human volunteer. The study was conducted as a parallel, randomized, phase 1, open design trial. Twenty healthy Korean males were divided into five groups according to the GEN-001 dosage and dietary control. Groups A, B, C, and D1 received 1, 3, 6, and 9 GEN-001 capsules (1 × 10¹¹ colony forming units), respectively, without dietary adjustment, whereas group D2 received 9 GEN-001 capsules with dietary adjustment. All groups received a single dose. Fecal samples were collected 2 days before GEN-001 administration to 7 days after for untargeted metabolomics and gut microbial metagenomic analyses; blood samples were collected simultaneously for immunogenicity analysis. Levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and tryptophan were significantly increased at 5-6 days after GEN-001 administration when compared with predose levels. Compared with predose, the relative abundance (%) of Parabacteroides and Alistipes significantly decreased, whereas that of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus increased; Lactobacillus and tryptophan levels were negatively correlated. A single administration of GEN-001 shifted the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers to a more balanced state as evidenced by an increased abundance of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, and higher levels of the metabolites that have immunogenic properties.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2023

Purpose: Edible insect extracts have been used as an alternative source for medicinal supplements due to their significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent studies have reported that anti-microbial peptides from insects have neuroprotective effects on dopamine toxins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective functions of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) extract (MWE) on N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced cellular toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Methods: Cellular toxicity induced by the MPTP toxin and the impact of MWE on cell survival were analyzed using MTT assays. DAPI staining was performed to observe apoptotic phenomena caused by MPTP. Changes in caspase-3 activity and protein expression were observed using enzyme activity assays and western blot assays, respectively. Results: MWE exerted significant antioxidant activity, which was measured by both DPPH and ABTS radical assays, with a dose-dependent relationship. Furthermore, MWE resulted in cellular proliferation in SHSY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, MWE pretreatment significantly inhibited MPTP-induced cytotoxicity, with a dose-dependent relationship. The morphological characteristics of apoptosis and increased reactive oxygen species induced by MPTP were also significantly reduced by MWE pretreatment. Conclusion: MWE treatment significantly attenuated MPTP-induced changes in the levels of proteins associated with apoptosis, such as caspase-3 and PARP. These findings suggest that MWE exerts neuroprotective effects on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells subject to MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration.