Microbial Flora of Normal and Abnormal Cervical Mucous Discharge Associated with Reproductive Performance of Cows and Heifers in Estrus
![]() ![]() |
Ata, Ayhan
(Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Theriogenology and Artificial Insemination)
Turutoglu, Hulya (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Microbiology) Kale, Mehmet (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Virology) Gulay, Mehmet Sukru (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Physiology) Pehlivanoglu, Faruk (Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Departments of Microbiology) |
1 | Sheldon, I. M., D. E. Noakes, A. N. Rycroft, D. U. Pfeiffer and H. Dobson. 2002. Influence of uterine bacterial contamination after parturition on ovarian dominant follicle selection and follicle growth and function in cattle. Reproduction 123:837-845. DOI ScienceOn |
2 | Sheldon, I. M. and D. E. Noakes. 1998. Comparison of three treatments for bovine endometritis. Vet. Rec. 142:575-579. DOI |
3 | Studer, E. and D. A. Morrow. 1978. Postpartum evaluation of bovine reproductive potential: comparison of findings from genital tract examination per rectum, uterine culture, and endometrial biopsy. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 172:489-494. |
4 | Williams, E. J., D. P. Fischer, D. U. Pfeiffer, G. C. W. England, D. E. Noakes, H. Dobson and I. M. Sheldon. 2005. Clinical evaluation of postpartum vaginal mucus reflects uterine bacterial infection and the immune response in cattle. Theriogenology 63:102-117. DOI ScienceOn |
5 | LeBlanc, S. J., T. F. Duffield, K. E. Leslie, K. G. Bateman, G. P. Keefe, J. S. Walton and W. H. Johnson. 2002. Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2223-2236. DOI ScienceOn |
6 | Loeffler, S. H., M. J. de Vries, Y. H. Schukken, A. C. de Zeeuw, A. A. Dijkhuizen, F. M. de Graaf and A. Brand. 1999. Use of technician scores for body condition, uterine tone and uterine discharge in a model with disease and milk production parameters to predict pregnancy risk at first AI in Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology 51:1267-1284. DOI ScienceOn |
7 | Mahmoudzadeh, A. R., M. Tarahomi and H. Fotoohi. 2001. Effect of abnormal vaginal discharge at oestrus on conception rate after artificial insemination in cows. Anim. Sci. 72:535-538. |
8 | Matner, P. E. 1973. The cervix and its secretions in relation to fertility in ruminants. In: The Biology of the Cervix (Ed. R. J. Blandau and K. Moghissi). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. pp. 339-350. |
9 | Nebel, R. L. and S. M. Jobst. 1998. Evaluation of systemtic breeding programs for lactating dairy cows: a review. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1169-1174. DOI ScienceOn |
10 | Panangala, V. S., N. A. Fish and D. A. Barnum. 1978. Microflora of the cervico-vaginal mucus of repeat breeder cows. Can. Vet. J. 4:83-89. |
11 | Bishop, M. W. H. 1964. Paternal contribution to embryonic death. J. Reprod. Fertil. 30:383-396. |
12 | Peter, A. T. and W. T. K. Bosu. 1987. Effects of intrauterine infection on the function of the corpora lutea formed after first postpartum ovulations in dairy cows. Theriogenology 27:593-609. DOI ScienceOn |
13 | Peter, A. T. and W. T. K. Bosu. 1988. Relationship of uterine infections and folliculogenesis in dairy cows during early puerperium. Theriogenology 30:1045-1051. DOI ScienceOn |
14 | Peter, A. T., W. T. K. Bosu and R. J. DeDecker. 1989. Suppression of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in heifers after intrauterine infusions of Escherichia coli endotoxin. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50:368-373. |
15 | Bonnett, B. N., S. W. Martin and A. H. Meek. 1993. Associations of clinical findings, bacteriological and histological results of endometrial biopsy with reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows. Prev. Vet. Med. 15:205-220. DOI |
16 | Dohmen, M. J. W., J. A. C. M. Lohuis, G. Huszwnicza, P. Nagy and M. Gacs. 1995. The relationship between bacteriological and clinical findings in cows with subacute/chronic endometritis. Theriogenology 43:1379-1388. DOI ScienceOn |
17 | Farin, P. W., L. Ball, J. D. Olson, R. G. Mortimer, R. L. Jones, W. S. Adney and A. E. McChesney. 1989. Effect of Actinomyces pyogenes and gram-negative bacteria on the development of bovine pyometra. Theriogenology 31:979-989. DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Ferguson, J. D., D. T. Galligan and N. Thomsen. 1994. Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 77:2695-2703. DOI |
19 | Gilbert, R. O., S. T. Shin, C. L. Guard, H. N. Erb and M. Frajblat. 2005. Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology 64:1879-1888. DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Griffin, J. F. T., P. J. Hartigan and W. R. Nunn. 1974. Non-specific uterine infection and bovine fertility. II. Infection patterns and endometritis before and after service. Theriogenology 1:107-115. DOI ScienceOn |
21 | Hafez, E. S. E. and H. Kanagawa. 1972. Scanning electron microscopy of cervix uteri of cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33:2469-2474. |
22 | Koneman, E. W., S. D. Allen, V. R. Dovell, W. M. Janda, H. M. Sommers and W. C. Winn. 1988. Color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. 3rd ed. J. P. Lippincott Comp, Philadelphia. |
![]() |