• 제목/요약/키워드: microbial community structure

검색결과 208건 처리시간 0.027초

Effects of Disease Resistant Genetically Modified Rice on Soil Microbial Community Structure According to Growth Stage

  • Sohn, Soo-In;Oh, Young-Ju;Ahn, Jae-Hyung;Kang, Hyeon-jung;Cho, Woo-Suk;Cho, Yoonsung;Lee, Bum Kyu
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.185-196
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    • 2019
  • BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of rice genetically modified to be resistant against rice blast and rice bacterial blight on the soil microbial community. A comparative analysis of the effects of rice genetically modified rice choline kinase (OsCK1) gene for disease resistance (GM rice) and the Nakdong parental cultivar (non-GM rice) on the soil microbial community at each stage was conducted using rhizosphere soil of the OsCK1 and Nakdong rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil chemistry at each growth stage and the bacterial and fungal population densities were analyzed. Soil DNA was extracted from the samples, and the microbial community structures of the two soils were analyzed by pyrosequencing. No significant differences were observed in the soil chemistry and microbial population density between the two soils. The taxonomic analysis showed that Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were present in all soils as the major phyla. Although the source tracking analysis per phylogenetic rank revealed that there were differences in the bacteria between the GM and non-GM soil as well as among the cultivation stages, the GM and non-GM soil were grouped according to the growth stages in the UPGMA dendrogram analysis. CONCLUSION: The difference in bacterial distributions between Nakdong and OsCK1 rice soils at each phylogenetic level detected in microbial community analysis by pyrosequencing may be due to the genetic modification done on GM rice or due to heterogeneity of the soil environment. In order to clarify this, it is necessary to analyze changes in root exudates along with the expression of transgene. A more detailed study involving additional multilateral soil analyses is required.

온도가 화산회토양의 질소무기화와 미생물군집이동에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Temperature Condition on Nitrogen Mineralization and Soil Microbial Community Shift in Volcanic Ash Soil)

  • 좌재호;문두경;고상욱;현해남
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.467-474
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 토양과 온도조건이 질소무기화율, 인지질 지방산유래 미생물 분포와 군집구조에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 수행하였다. 화산회토양 30 g에 입상유기질비료, 음식물퇴비, 돈분퇴비를 각각 2 g씩 잘 혼합한 후 $10^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$에서 항온배양을 하면서 질소 무기화율과 인지질 지방산 함량을 분석하였다. 질소 무기화율은 온도와 비례하여 증가하였으며 음식물퇴비>입상유기질비료>돈분퇴비 순으로 질소무기화율이 높았다. 지방산 유래 미생물 그룹의 분포는 온도, 유기물종류에 따라 차이를 보였으며 시간이 경과 할수록 미생물의 밀도는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. G-/G+, F/B, Unsat/sat 비는 온도가 $10^{\circ}C$씩 올라갈수록 감소하였고 cy19:0/$18:1{\omega}7c$비는 음식물퇴비와 돈분퇴비에서 증가하였다. PLFA 함량을 이용한 주성분 분석 결과 초기 (75일)는 $10^{\circ}C$, 후기 (270일)는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 온도요인에 따라 뚜렷하게 미생물 군집을 보였으며 시간이 경과 할수록 군집이동이 나타냈다.

Salinity affects microbial community structure in saemangeum reclaimed land

  • Kim, Kiyoon;Samaddar, Sandipan;Ahmed, Shamim;Roy, Choudhury Aritra;Sa, Tongmin
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.364-364
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    • 2017
  • Saemangeum reclaimed land is a part of Saemangeum Development Project. Most of the persistent problems of Saemangeum reclaimed land remain to be related to soil salinity. Soil salinity is a major abiotic factor related to microbial community structure and also fungi have been reported to be more sensitive to salinity stress than bacteria. The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil salinity levels on the microbial communities in Saemangeum reclaimed land using 454 pyrosequencing analysis. Soil samples was collected from 12 sites of in Saemangeum reclaimed land. For pyrosequencing, 27F/518R (bacteria) and ITS3/ITS4 (fungi) primers were used containing the Roche 454 pyrosequencing adaptor-key-linker (underlined) and unique barcodes (X). Pyrosequencing was performed by Chun's Lab (Seoul, Korea) using the standard shotgun sequencing reagents and a 454 GS FLX Titanium sequencing System (Roche, Inc.). In the soil samples, Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi) shows the highest relative abundance in all the soil sample sites. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Parcubacteria were shown to have significantly higher abundance in high salinity level soils than low salinity level soils, while Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae has significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The abundance of fungal, Ascomycota has the highest relative abundance in soil samples, followed by Basidiomycota, Chlorophyta, Zygomycota and Chytridiomycota. Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota and Cerozoa were show significantly higher relative abundance in low salinity level soils. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and correlation analysis shown to salinity-related soil parameters such as ECe, Na+, SAR and EPS were affected to bacterial and fungal community structure. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Plantomycetes exhibited significantly positive correlation with soil salinity, while Acidobacteria exhibited significantly negative correlation. In the case of fungal community, Basidiomycota and Zygomycota were seen show significantly negative correlation with salinity related soil parameters. These results suggest that provide understanding effect of soil salinity on microbial community structure and correlation of microbial community with soil parameters in Saemangeum reclaimed land.

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대수층 지하수 미생물의 생태 (Ecology of Groundwater Microorganisms in Aquifers)

  • 김영화;안영희
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제27권9호
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    • pp.1086-1095
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    • 2017
  • 기후변화로 인한 지표수 자원의 손실에 대비하기 위해 지하수 자원에 대한 관심이 대두되고 있다. 지하수 오염에 대한 모니터링 및 평가뿐 아니라 지하수 자원 관리를 위해 대수층 미생물 군집에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 대수층에서 미생물은 지하수에 부유하는 것보다 대부분이 대수층 퇴적토 입자 표면에 부착해서 서식한다. 하지만 대수층 퇴적토 시료 채취가 쉽지 않으므로 대부분의 대수층 미생물 군집 연구는 관정으로부터 채취한 지하수 시료의 부유 세포를 이용하였다. 오염된 대수층에서 미생물 군집에 대한 연구는 비교적 많으나, 오염되지 않은 대수층에서의 미생물 다양성과 수질개선을 위한 그들의 역할에 대한 정보는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 대수층 지하수 내에 존재하는 세균의 생태와 군집 구조에 관해 기술하였다. 지금까지 보고된 연구에 의하면 오염되지 않은 대수층 지하수 미생물 군집은 대부분 Proteobacteria가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 이들은 대수층 내의 기질(광물, 유기물 등)의 농도나 분포, 지하수의 성상, 인간의 활동 등에 영향을 받는다. 오염되지 않은 대수층 지하수 미생물 군집에 관한 연구는 지하수의 수질 개선에 관련된 생지화학적 과정을 더 잘 이해하기 위해 중요하며, 또한 대수층 오염에 따른 군집 변화를 모니터링 하기 위한 기초 자료로 이용될 수 있다.

군부대와 주유소 주변에서 채취한 토양에서의 미생물 군집구조와 우점종의 파악 (Findings of Microbial Community Structure and Dominant Species in Soils Near Army Bases and Gas Stations)

  • 김재수
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.227-233
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    • 2010
  • 각종 오염지역의 오염토양의 시료를 채취해 DGGE를 이용한 미생물군집구조를 서로 비교함으로써 어떤 요인이 영향을 많이 미치는지를 알아보았다. 미생물군집의 유사도 비교에서 TPH 오염 말고는 대부분의 오염정도가 심하지 않아서 오염 특성보다는 토양시료가 채취된 지역에 따라 더 유사함을 보여주었고 TPH 오염도가 가장 높았던 시료에서만 지역적 특성을 넘어 유사도 차이를 보여 주었다. 이와 같이 오염요인이 너무 크지 않은 경우에는 미생물군집구조가 지역특성 즉 여러 다른 환경요인에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받는 것을 이 연구를 통해 알 수가 있었다. 모든 오염토양의 우점종(배양성 세균) 조사에서 firmicutes와 high GC Gram+에 속하는 세균들이 주로 발견되었고 유류오염이 심한 토양에서 이미 보고된 Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Methylobacterium, Clavibacter, Streptomyces, Nocardia와 아직 보고되지 않은 Leifsonia가 발견되었다.

제주도 인근 해양퇴적물 내의 미생물 군집 구조분석 (Microbial community structure analysis from Jeju marine sediment)

  • 고현우;라니 선다스;황한빛;박수제
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제52권3호
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    • pp.375-379
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에서는 차세대염기서열분석 기법을 활용하여 제주도 인근 해양퇴적물의 상층부와 하층부내의 미생물 군집구조와 다양성을 조사하였다. 상층부와 하층부의 미생물 군집구조는 상이하였으며, Proteobacteria 문을 제외하고, 상층부에서는 Bacteroides 문이, 하층부에서는 Chloroflexi와 Acidobacteria 문이 각각 우점하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 흥미롭게도 질소순환에 관여하는 것으로 알려진 Nitrospinae와 Nitrospirae 문도 서식하고 있음이 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 통하여, 아직 발굴되지 않은 새로운 미생물의 자원으로서의 가능성과 해양퇴적물내의 기본적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

A Study of Arctic Microbial Community Structure Response to Increased Temperature and Precipitation by Phospholipid Fatty Acid Analysis

  • Sungjin Nam;Ji Young Jung
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.86-94
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    • 2023
  • Climate change is more rapid in the Arctic than elsewhere in the world, and increased precipitation and warming are expected cause changes in biogeochemical processes due to altered microbial communities and activities. It is crucial to investigate microbial responses to climate change to understand changes in carbon and nitrogen dynamics. We investigated the effects of increased temperature and precipitation on microbial biomass and community structure in dry tundra using two depths of soil samples (organic and mineral layers) under four treatments (control, warming, increased precipitation, and warming with increased precipitation) during the growing season (June-September) in Cambridge Bay, Canada (69°N, 105°W). A phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis method was applied to detect active microorganisms and distinguish major functional groups (e.g., fungi and bacteria) with different roles in organic matter decomposition. The soil layers featured different biomass and community structure; ratios of fungal/bacterial and gram-positive/-negative bacteria were higher in the mineral layer, possibly connected to low substrate quality. Increased temperature and precipitation had no effect in either layer, possibly due to the relatively short treatment period (seven years) or the ecosystem type. Mostly, sampling times did not affect PLFAs in the organic layer, but June mineral soil samples showed higher contents of total PLFAs and PLFA biomarkers for bacteria and fungi than those in other months. Despite the lack of response found in this investigation, long-term monitoring of these communities should be maintained because of the slow response times of vegetation and other parameters in high-Arctic ecosystems.

Illumina를 이용한16S rRNA 기반 미생물생태분석에서 분변의 동결건조에 의한 인공적인 시퀀스 생성 감소효과 (Freeze-drying feces reduces illumina-derived artefacts on 16S rRNA-based microbial community analysis)

  • 김정만;운노타쯔야
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제59권4호
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    • pp.299-304
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    • 2016
  • PCR 산물을 이용한 시퀀싱방법 중 Illumina 플랫폼으로 시퀀싱을 수행하면 100개 이상의 인위적인 시퀀스가 생겨나며, 그러한 인위적으로 형성되는 시퀀스에 의해 Operational taxonomic units를 기반으로 한 미생물생태 변화 및 네트워크 분석에 영향을 미친다. 이러한 문제점이 있음에도 불구하고 분변미생물생태를 분석하는데 Illumina에서 제공하고 있는 시퀀싱을 주된 방법으로 사용하고 있으며, 또한 그러한 시퀀스 기반의 분변미생물 생태분석 결과는 분변샘플상태(i.e., 분변 보관 기간, 분변양, 분변의 신선도)에 따라 상이하게 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 분변샘플의 동결건조가 시퀀스 데이터의 퀄리티를 향상시키는지 관해 조사하였으며, 이를 통해 분변샘플에 동결건조처리는 전체적인 미생물생태구조를 변화시키지는 않지만 인위적으로 형성되었을 가능성이 있는 시퀀스의 수를 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서, 분변으로부터 DNA를 추출하기 이전에 동결건조처리하는 방법을 Illumina 기반의 분변미생물생태분석에 사용하는 것을 권장한다.

청계천 복원구간 내 분변오염도 평가와 미생물 군집 연구 (Assessment of Fecal Pollution and Bacterial Community Structure in Restored Section of Cheonggyecheon Stream)

  • 박영빈;이희태;김세윤;고광표
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.76-83
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    • 2009
  • In 2005, the 5.84-Km length of Cheonggyecheon stream, previously covered with concrete road, was uncovered in the middle of Seoul, Korea. We investigated microbial water quality in various sites in Cheonggyecheon stream. We took water samples on three different days. The sampling sites included inflow water from upper stream (Mojeongyo), midstream (Ogansugyo), and downstream (Muhakgyo). Fecal pollution indicator microorganisms were measured by both IDEXX $Colilert^{(R)}$ and $Enterolert^{(R)}$. Microbial community from these sampling sites was also characterized based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The average concentrations of total coliform are 5 CFU/100 mL, 1474 CFU/100 mL, and 1776 CFU/100 mL at Mojeongyo, Ogansugyo, and Muhakgyo, respectively. The average concentrations of fecal coliform were 28 CFU/100 mL, 47 CFU/100 mL in Ogansugyo, and Muhakgyo, respectively. The concentrations of other fecal indicator microorganisms including E. coli and Enterococcus sp. increased in downstream. When we characterized the microbial community, unique microbial community were discovered at different sampling sites. This study suggests that Cheonggyechoen stream is likely affected by non-point fecal sources and has unique microbial environment as the river flows downstream.

Responses of Low-Quality Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activities to Application of a Mixed Material of Humic Acid, Biochar, and Super Absorbent Polymer

  • Li, Fangze;Men, Shuhui;Zhang, Shiwei;Huang, Juan;Puyang, Xuehua;Wu, Zhenqing;Huang, Zhanbin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권9호
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    • pp.1310-1320
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    • 2020
  • Low-quality soil for land reuse is a crucial problem in vegetation quality and especially to waste disposal sites in mining areas. It is necessary to find suitable materials to improve the soil quality and especially to increase soil microbial diversity and activity. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of a mixed material of humic acid, super absorbent polymer and biochar on low-quality soil indexes and the microbial community response. The indexes included soil physicochemical properties and the corresponding plant growth. The results showed that the mixed material could improve chemical properties and physical structure of soil by increasing the bulk density, porosity, macro aggregate, and promote the mineralization of nutrient elements in soil. The best performance was achieved by adding 3 g·kg-1 super absorbent polymer, 3 g·kg-1 humic acid, and 10 g·kg-1 biochar to soil with plant total nitrogen, dry weight and height increased by 85.18%, 266.41% and 74.06%, respectively. Physicochemical properties caused changes in soil microbial diversity. Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria were significantly positively correlated with most of the physical, chemical and plant indicators. Actinobacteria and Armatimonadetes were significantly negatively correlated with most measurement factors. Therefore, this study can contribute to improving the understanding of low-quality soil and how it affects soil microbial functions and sustainability.