• 한국균학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2020

A fungal isolate US-18-11 was isolated from the soil in Uiseong, Korea. The mycelium growth measured after 7 days of incubation at 22℃ on malt extract agar (MEA) and oatmeal agar (OA) media was 42-43 mm and 41-44 mm in diameter, respectively. The fungal colony formed white to dull green aerial mycelia that were floccose with regular margins and olivaceous black with leaden gray patches on the reverse side. The conidia were hyaline to brown in color, ellipsoidal to ovoid, guttulate, abundant, globose, solitary, or confluent measuring 3.2-7.2×1.1-2.3 ㎛. A BLAST search of the large subunit (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, second largest subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequences revealed that the isolate US-18-11 has similarities of 99, 100, 97, and 99% with those of Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83, respectively. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree constructed based on the concatenated dataset of above-mentioned sequences showed that isolate US-18-11 clustered with Epicoccum draconis CBS 186.83 in the same clade. Based on the results of morphological, cultural, and phylogenetic analysis, the isolate US-18-11 was identical to the previously described E. draconis CBS 186.83. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. draconis in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제33권2호통권130호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2005

This study was performed to understand the interaction between Ophiostomataceae and basidiomycetes fungi during cultures, and whether the basidiomycetes fungi inhibit the growth and decolorize dark pigments of blue staining fungi. The conjoint cultivation was studied on 2% malt extract agar. The ability of basidial cultures to decolorize dark pigments of ophiostomatoid fungi was the main characteristics estimated during this study. More than half of basidial cultures were characterized by deadlock interaction with blue staining fungi. In the dual cultures, where basidial partners were presented by Agaricus bisporus(64), Laetiporus sulphureus(L01/89), Trametes versicolor(09) and unknown fungus(02), antagonism was found at the phase of primary contact of colonies. Replacement interaction resulted usually in decreasing dark colour of substrate was observed for 11 basidial cultures that were belonging mainly to white-rot fungi. Among them Abortiporus biennis(123), Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa (137), and Gleophyllum odoratum(124) were characterized by the absence of deadlock-phase: they began to grow over dark colonies of their partners just after primary contact. Basidiomycetes did not affect strongly the pigments of Ceratocystis spp. and Leptographium sibirica isolates, but completely decolorized colonies of Ophiostoma ips and to a smaller degree Ophiostoma minus. Antrodiella hoehnelii(S28/91), Bjerkandera fumosa(137), Gleophyllum odoratum(124) and Trametes versicolor(B18/91) cultures were found to be the most active in decreasing dark color of blue staining fungi colonies. The cultures were recommended for further development as agents of biopulping of wood chips and bio-control of blue stain in woods.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1998

In this research, 7 species of white rot fungi were used for determining the resistance against pentachlorophenol (PCP). Three fungi with good PCP resistance were selected for evaluating the biodegradability, and biodegradation mechanism by HPLC and GC/MS spectrometry. Among 7 fungi, there were significant differences on PCP resistance on 4 different PCP concentrations. In the concentrations of 50 and 100ppm ($\mu$g of PCP per g of 2% malt extract agar), most fungi were easily able to grow, and well suited to newly PCP-added condition, but in that of more than 250ppm, the mycelia growths of Ganoderma lucidum 20435, G. lucidum 20432, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Daldinia concentrica were significantly inhibited or even stopped by the addition of PCP to the culture. However, Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, and Inonotus cuticularis still kept growing at 250ppm, indicating the potential utilization of wood rot fungi to high concentrated PCP biodegradation. Particularly, P. chrysosporium even showed very rapid growth rate at more than 500ppm of PCP concentration. Three selected fungi based on the above results showed an excellent biodegradability against PCP. P. chrysosporium degraded PCP up to 84% on the first day of incubation, and during 7 days, most of added PCP were degraded. T. versicolor also showed more than 90% of biodegradability at 7th day, and even though the initial stage of degradation was very slow, I. cuticularis has been approached to 90% at 21 st day after incubation with dense growing pattern of mycelia. Therefore, the PCP biodegradability was definitely dependent on the rapid suitability of fungi to newly PCP-added condition. In addition, the PCP biodegradation by filtrates of P. chrysosporium, T. versicolor, and I. cuticularis was very minimal or limited, suggesting that the extracellular enzyme system may be not so significantly related to the PCP biodegradation. Among the biodegradation metabolites of PCP, the most abundant one was pentachloroanisole which resulted in a little weaker toxicity than PCP, and others were tetrachlorophenol, tetrachloro-hydroquinone, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid, suggesting that PCP may be biodegraded by several sequential reactions such as methylation, radical-induced oxidation, dechlorination, and hydroxylation.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1991

우리나라 전통 음청류에 관한 역사적 배경을 고찰하고 8세기부터 1940년대까지의 기록으로부터 주류를 제외한 전통음료의 종류와 제조방법을 조사하였다. 옛 문헌에 기술된 음청류는 모두 70여가지로 집계되었으며 이들을 제조방법과 품질특성에 따라 순다류, 유사다류, 탕류, 장류, 숙수류, 미음류, 미식류, 식혜류, 수정과류, 화채류의 10가지로 분류하였다. 옛 문헌에서는 장(漿), 탕(湯), 청(淸), 다(茶)사이에 명확한 구분을 하고 있지 않았다. 밥을 유산균 발효시켜 물로 회석하여 만든 음료인 장(漿)은 신라, 고려시대에는 보편화된 음료로 보이나 오늘날에는 완전히 잊혀진 것으로 판단된다. 그 외의 음료는 18세기에 기술된 제조방법과 오늘의 제조방법 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않고 있다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2013

Diverse fungi are present in Korean traditional meju and they are known to play an important role in fermented soybean products. To determine the origin of the fungi in meju, we examined the mycoflora of soybeans from 10 traditional meju factories. The samples were untreated or treated with sodium hypochlorite, and placed on malt extract agar (MEA), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), and dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC) medium. A total of 794 fungal strains were isolated and they were identified as 41 genera and 86 species. From sodium hypochlorite untreated soybeans, the genera, Cladosporium (55%), Eurotium (51%), Fusarium (33%), Penicillium (22%), and Aspergillus (exclusion of Eurotium) (20%), were mainly isolated, and Eurotium herbariorum (22%), Eurotium repens (18%), Cladosporium tenuissimum (18%), F. fujikuroi (18%), Aspergillus oryzae/flavus (7%), and Penicillium steckii (6%) were the predominant species. In case of sodium hypochloritetreated soybeans, Eurotium (31%) and Cladosporium (5%) were frequently isolated, but Aspergillus (excluding Eurotium), Penicillium and Fusarium which were frequently isolated from untreated soybeans, were rarely isolated. Eurotium herbariorum (21%), Eurotium repens (8%), and Cladosporium tenuissimum (3%) were the predominant species. Of the 41 genera and 86 species isolated from soybeans, 13 genera and 33 species were also found in meju. These results suggest that the fungi on soybeans may influence the mycoflora of meju.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2006

Clavicorona pyxidata DGUM 29005의 균사 생육을 위한 최적 배양조건 및 효소 활성을 조사하였다. 균사 생육을 위한 최적 온도 및 pH는 각각 $24^{\circ}C$ 및 5.0이었다. 사용된 복합배지 중 malt extract medium (MEM)에서 가장 좋은 균사 생육을 나타내었다. 최소배지로 Czapek-Dox 한천배지를 사용하고 탄소원으로 trehalose, mannitol, sucrose 및 maltose 첨가시 균사생육이 우수하였다. 전반적으로 무기질소원이 유기질소원 보다 균사 생육을 더 촉진하였으며, 무기질소원으로 calcium nitrate를 사용하였을 때 균사 생육이 가장 우수하였다. 인산원으로 $Na_2HPO_4$를 사용했을 때 균사생육이 촉진되었으며, 가장 우수한 비타민원은 p-aminobenzoic acid이었다. MEM 액체배지를 사용하여 $24^{\circ}C$에서 20일간 C. pyxidata DGUM 29005를 배양하여 균사외 분비효소 및 균사내 효소의 활성도를 측정한 결과, 균사외 분비 효소 중 laccase의 활성도가 다른 효소에 비해 높았으며, ${\alpha}$-amylase, chitinase, lipase 및 pretense의 활성도는 낮거나 없었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.258-266
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• 2009

Pleurotus eryngii, known as king oyster mushroom has been widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study was initiated to screen the suitable conditions for mycelial growth and to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the selected strains. Optimal mycelial growth was observed at $30{^{\circ}C}$ and minimum mycelial growth observed at $10{^{\circ}C}$. This mushroom tolerates a broad pH range for mycelial growth, with most favorable growth observed at pH 6. Results also indicated that glucose peptone, yeast malt extract and mushroom complete media were favorable growth media, while Hennerberg and Hoppkins media were unfavorable. Dextrin was the best and xylose the least effective carbon sources. Results revealed that inorganic nitrogen sources were less effective than organic sources for the mycelial growth of P. eryngii. Investigation of genetic diversity is necessary to identify the strains. The ITS region of rDNA were amplified using PCR. The size of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rDNA from the different strains varied from 214 to 222 bp and 145 to 236 bp, respectively. The sequence of ITS2 was more variable than that of ITS1, and the 5.8S sequences were identical. A phylogenetic tree based on the ITS region sequences indicated that selected strains could be classified into six clusters. Fourteen IUM and ATCC- 90212 strains were also analyzed by RAPD with 20 arbitrary primers. Fourteen of these primers were efficiently amplified the genomic DNA. The number of amplified bands varied with the primers and strains, with polymorphic fragments in the range from 0.2 to 2.3 kb.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2012

우리나라 산림에서 수집한 외생균근균 8종 27개 균주에 대한 균사 생장 특성을 다양한 배양 조건(배지, 온도, pH)에서 조사하였다. 60일 배양 후, 모든 균주는 PDA와 MMN 배지에서 생장하였으나, 송이를 포함한 일부 균주들은 MEA나 SDA 배지에서 전혀 생장하지 않았다. 또한 대부분의 균주들을 PDA 배지에서 배양했을 때에 저온($10^{\circ}C$)보다 고온($30^{\circ}C$)에서 균사 생장이 저조하였다. 또한 PDA 배지 상에서의 최적 생장온도는 $20-25^{\circ}C$, PDB 배지 내 균사 생장을 위한 최적 pH는 4-5로 나타났다. Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) 활성은 모든 시험 균주에서 나타났으며, CMC(pH 5.0) 한천배지 상에서 최대의 셀룰라아제 활성을 나타낸 균주는 송이(1266)였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.941-947
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• 1998

전통안동식혜로부터 젖산균 L. bulgaricus LBS 47, L. acidophilus LAS 10 및 Lc. lactis LLS 56와 효모 S. cerevisiae SCS 5을 분리하였다. 분리동정한 균들의 pH, 적정산도 및 균수의 변화를 관찰한 결과, SCS 균주는 배양 4시간에 pH 4.5으로 가장 낮았으며 LBS과 LAS 균주의 적정산도는 배양 초기 $0.40{\sim}2.30%$로 SCS 균주보다 큰 변화를 나타내었다. LBS과 LAS 균주의 성장변화는 두 균주 모두 배양 20시간에 $1.7{\times}10^9{\;}CFU/mL$로 성장 정지기에 도달하였다. SCS 균주는 배양 12시간에 $4.8{\times}10^6{\;}CFU/mL$로 정지기에 도달하여 SCS 균주가 LBS과 LAS 균주에 비해 균 성장은 유사하였으나 균수에 있어서는 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 효모 SCS 균주의 최적 성장온도는 $30^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. pH와 적정산도는 배양 12시간에 pH 4.5와 적정산도 1.23%의 빠른 산생성을 보였으며, 균수의 변화는 배양 32시간에 $4.9{\times}10^9{\;}CFU/mL$로 성장정지기에 도달하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2019

A fungal strain, designated PTT-2, was isolated from the bark of the trunk of a persimmon (Diospyros kaki) tree in Cheongdo, Korea. The isolate showed morphological similarities with Leptosphaerulina saccharicola. Strain PTT-2 had more rapid growth on potato dextrose agar medium than on oatmeal agar, malt extract agar, and synthetic nutrient poor agar media, with colony sizes of 53.8 mm, 49.8 mm, 48.4 mm, and 28.1 mm after 7 days at $25^{\circ}C$ temperature, respectively. Strain PTT-2 produced ascospores, which had irregular wavy edges, oblong to ellipsoidal shape, hyaline appearance and $23.6{\times}10{\mu}m$ size. The black ascomata were developed on PDA medium, and asci were recorded. A BLAST search of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, TEF1-${\alpha}$ and RPB2 gene sequences revealed that strain PTT-2 showed more than 99% nucleotide similarity with a strain of Leptosphaerulina saccharicola previously reported from Thailand. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed by concatenating the above-mentioned sequences, and showed that strain PTT-2 clustered in the same clade with L. saccharicola. Based on these findings, this is the first record of Leptosphaerulina saccharicola occurring in Korea.