• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-133
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• 2018

Since the beginning of the millennium, 'Maker Movement' has been active throughout the world. Today, there is a maker fair every year in major cities of the world including Seoul, and the number of attendees is increasing day by day, so it can be seen as a kind of maker 'phenomenon'. The positive implication of the maker's movement is that it attempts to break down the monopoly of manufacturing and to restore the rights and capabilities of citizens as makers. Today, highly developed industrial capitalism has a tendency to structurally paralyse citizens, to tie their hands and feet, and to degenerate into consuming entities only. Therefore, it can be said that the maker movement has structural tensions in the relationship of neoliberal manufacturing culture. This study is an attempt to actively interpret the maker movement in terms of "critical making". The maker movement can trace its origins to "counterculture" and "new communalism" that emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s. On the other hand, there is criticism that the maker movement can fall into another technology utopianism and function as an area of consumer society, and mobilize it in the direction of activating consumerism. Although the maker's movement is amorphous due to its characteristics and it is currently in progress, it is difficult to make crude definition yet. However, as the citizens who have been defined only as consumers of science and technology, are newly emerging as producers of makers, there have been great changes in the topography of science and technology and civil society. So the scientific implication of the maker movement is great in that it shows the possibility of causing it.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-22
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• 2018

In the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, which was to become an innovative society, we now face the forefront of a technological revolution, and in response to these changes, the world is actively developing the maker movement to nurture new innovations. Accordingly, it is necessary to change the functions of the library in order to play a leading role in a changing life environment. In addition, it is necessary to present certain directions in policies in order to help expand the library's capabilities to utilize a cultural technology. In this study, we have conducted a survey on public library librarians' perceptions towards makerspaces, and based on this, we have proposed directions and support policies for public library's makerspaces and a dissemination structure of makerspaces for the public library.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.243-274
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• 2020

Maker culture in Korea began to receive public attention after the 2012 Maker Fair Seoul. Central and local governments took note of this trend and subsumed makers' culture into its policy domains such as Creative Industry, Creative Cities, 4th Industrial Revolution, and the all-encompassing Creative Economy. Creative Economy was a public policy discourse formed in the public sector for the purpose of overcoming economic depression and revitalizing the economy. Under Creative Industry and Creative Economy, creativity and culture/arts are deemed indispensable but at the same time objectified and alienated as their ultimate value are recognized only as the basis for economic production. In this article, makers' culture itself goes through the same process of objectification and alienation that creativity and culture/arts suffered as the relevant policies were pursued under Creative Economy. The authors attempted to corroborate this through the case of Makercity Sewoon, and found that the Seoul City's urban development plan surrounding Sewoon Plaza proceeded in a direction destructive to the local technological ecosystem and therefore conflicts with the pronounced goal of leading 4th Industrial Revolution by encouraging and nurturing makers' culture. Makercity Sewoon, although packaged in a discourse of Creative Economy and Creative City, betrayed the same problem of alienating arts/culture and labor that the previous discourse showed.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.43-62
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• 2016

The international arbitration system has been a useful method of settling disputes arising from international transactions. Arbitration provides the opportunity for the parties to choose a fair and neutral forum and to participate in the selection of the decision maker and the rules that will be applied. Because arbitration is a creature of contract, there is no agreement to arbitrate if there is no contract. An arbitration clause should be designed to fit the circumstances of the transaction and the parties' needs. The parties draft an arbitration clause with insufficient attention to the transaction to which it relates. Insufficient attention to arbitration agreement has caused the delay of arbitration procedure or even the inability to arbitrate. Therefore the parties pay sufficient attention to the underlying transaction so that the arbitration clause can be tailored to their particular requirements and to possible disputes that may reasonably be anticipated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7B
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• pp.613-627
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an Aggregate Fairness Maker (ARM) required for an Edge router to improve fairness of throughput among the flows of Assured Service in DiffServ with different round trip time (RTT) and we propose a user flow Three Color Marker (uf-TCM) as a flow marker that marks packets from the flow as green, yellow, or red. A yellow packet is the packet that consumes loss token in uf-TCM as well as that is demoted green packet in AM due to disobey the aggregate traffic profile. The proposed AFH promotes yellow packet to green packet or demotes green packet to yellow packet through the fair method without per-flow management, and it improves the feirness of throughput among the flows as well as link utilization. A yellow packet and a red packet have the same drop precedence at Core Router in our scheme. So we can use the RIO buffer management scheme. We evaluated the performance of our proposed AFM and the REDP Marker that was proposed to improve fairness without per-flow management. Simulation results show that, compared with the REDP marker, proposed AFM can improve performance of throughput fairness among the flows with different RTT and link utilization under the over-provisioning, exact-provisioning, and under-provisioning network environments at Multiple DiffServ domains as well as at Single DiffServ domain.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify trends and potential themes of research on consumption of children and adolescents for 20 years by analyzing keywords. The keywords of 869 studies on consumption of children and adolescents published in journals listed in Korean Citation Index were analyzed using text mining techniques. The most frequent keywords were found in the order of youth, youth consumers, consumer education, conspicuous consumption, consumption behavior, and character. As a result of analyzing the frequency of keywords by dividing into five-year periods, it was confirmed that the frequency of consumer education was significantly higher betwn 2006 and 2010. Research on ethical consumption has been active since 2011, and research has been conducted on various topics instead of without a prominent keyword during the most recent 5-year period. Looking at the keywords based on the TF-IDF, the keywords related to the environment and the Internet were the main keywords between 2001 and 2005. From 2006 to 2010, the TF-IDF values of media use, advertisement education, and Internet items were high. From 2011 to 2015, fair trade, green growth, green consumption, North Korean defector youths, social media, and from 2016 to 2020, text mining, sustainable development education, maker education, and the 2015 revised curriculum appeared as important themes. As a result of topic modeling, eight topics were derived: consumer education, mass media/peer culture, rational consumption, Hallyu/cultural industry, consumer competency, economic education, teaching and learning method, and eco-friendly/ethical consumption. As a result of network analysis, it was found that conspicuous consumption and consumer education are important topics in consumption research of children and adolescents.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.143-158
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for enhancing the mutual trust level between employees and managers by examining the effect of job satisfaction of electric power companies's employees and performance-oriented remuneration paid to them on awareness level of organizational justice and a trust in manager. Based on a significant positive relationship between employee's job satisfaction and trust in a manager, a significant positive relationship between employee's job satisfaction and perception of organizational justice, and a positive relationship between organizational justice and trust in manager, it was possible to confirm the mediating role of organizational justice between job satisfaction and a trust in manager. In addition, although performance-oriented remuneration did not have a significant effect on trust in manager directly, it was found to have a significant negative effect on distributive justice and procedural justice, but for interactional justice did not appear to have a significant influence. Because the autonomy of the labor budget is quite limited due to the government's total regulation on the size of the labor budget for public enterprises and due to the government's evaluation of management of public enterprises, it can be explained as having a negative effect on the perception of organizational justice. In addition, since the partial mediating effect of distributive justice and interactional justice was confirmed in the relationship between job satisfaction and trust in manager, the mediating effect of procedural justice was insignificant, it was confirmed that the need to establish and operate an internal HR management system based on smooth communication that employees can satisfy and accept can have a significant impact on trust in manager. On the other hand, because the negative complete mediating effect of distributive justice and procedural justice between performance-oriented remuneration and trust in manager was significantly confirmed, It is showing that employees' negative perceptions of performance distribution procedures and distribution results had a negative effect on trust in manager. The results of this study suggest that employees will perceive the organization as fair, and trust the manager who is the decision maker, when they are fully rewarded for their performance, with job satisfaction, a fair evaluation of their efforts, even if there are various factors that can influence managers to be trusted by their employees.