• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.63-93
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• 1999

This treatise begins with finding a meaning of Paul Klee's . It is pretty simpleto choose the square of Klee. The most important formative language for twenty century is abstraction. The element of speaking for abstraction issquare. The artists are trying to contain the nature and universe in the square. The role of magic square consisting with small squares of Klee is crystallized. The other side, the test of this study is a method analysis. The method analysis is changing while concept and style have been changing according to a period. The existing method analysis is an iconology used many times in Art history. This treatise introduces France symbolists, Bernard Cocula and Claude Peyroutet's analysis of a meaning of image(Semantique do l'image) who were applied to Modern Art. based on Iconography. It also applies to analysis of artwork of Klee. Cocula's is developed from one phase to five phase step by step. The first phase deals with an appearance of artwork. Subsequently, the second phase is directly adjacent to personal feeling and impression. This is an adequate method for image study in the analysis of modern arts. This phase makes it a rule to enjoy talking with artworks above all. The third phase begins with this question 'What do you see? (que voyons-nous?).' The applies exhaustively and strictly to complicated image artworks which need an elaborate analysis. It is very hard but audiences must try to maintain neutrality in front of artwork because cord formation and interpretation should be formed objectively. The meaning analysis and interpretation of the forth phase begins with this question 'what is the image rouse'(qu'evoque cote image?).' This phase is the most important in a process of symbolic analysis. The audience investigates personal elements and common elements. The fifth is synthetic analysis and interpretation phase. The synthesis is last phase and it reaches a valuation and a conclusion. Namely, the synthesis phase makes up synthesis conclusion, summarizes image character, and completes value adjudication. Sometimes it completes no conclusions in a silence. This study found a new possible analysis example from Paul Klee's work. The study emphasizes square analysis and interpretation and uses . The analysis of artwork by Cocula's is an example of the most important work of Klee's three artworks. The first analysis of artwork is and the second one is . The third one is . In these analyses, Klee usedmagic square 'to make natural pictorial element and to explain organic living things.'

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2015

There are more than 2000 minerals on earth, and it has been implemented in various fields such as environment, architecture, livestock, chemistry, pharmaceuticals. Clay minerals are considered that they can change the physical and chemical properties through the adsorption and release of metal ions. Although domestic deposit of non-metallic mineral resources is approximately ninety-six billion tons, its application is limited and has hardly been used in high value-added industries involved in medicine, medical supplies, and functional food materials. Bentonite and zeolite are already used for cosmetic purposes and also used in living goods and packing materials. However, direct application to the food industry is relatively very rare. Since records regarding the intake of minerals for foods and medicines are found in the old literatures, the utilization of non-metallic minerals as food materials appears to be highly profitable. According to the trends in patent research for food and mineral resources, the company plays a main role for the development of the food containing non-metallic minerals in USA, and the trends confirms that this industry is emerging. Here, we provided the information about domestic and foreign patent trend for food industries involved in mineral resources and the application of mineral resources in the food industries. We also covered the domestic regulation regarding usage of mineral resources in food, and proposed domestic application plan for food production using mineral resources in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.675-683
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• 2018

As interest in eco-friendly architecture and Korean traditional culture is increasing, interest in contemporary han-ok is steadily increasing. Recently, many people experienced the han-ok directly and indirectly with the attention of a commercial contemporary han-ok such as restaurants, coffee shops, and lodging facilities, and as a result, the house has a preference for the residence of the contemporary han-ok. Compared to modern residential houses, however, han-ok is lack the convenience of heating and cooling, energy management, security, and maintenance. For this reason, the increased interest and preference for han-ok does not lead to living in contemporary han-ok. This study was conducted in the following ways to improve inconvenience by applying smart home services to contemporary han-ok. Recent technology trends in smart home services and technologies developed and marketed to date have been identified in previous research cases and literature studies. Based on this, a list of smart home services and their application methods were derived that would relieve the inconvenience of contemporary han-ok for smart home services. We hope that this research will serve as a reference for subsequent researchers studying contemporary han-ok.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

The study area,Cheonan Stream, is an urban river that flows through urban areas in close proximity to densely populated areas and multi-use facilities. The natural river improvement project from 2006 to 2015 improved the quality of life of local residents with the improvement of river function, the restoration of the natural ecosystem and the securement of hydrophilic space. A bike way in the constructed waterside space was built focusing on trails. This study suggests improvements appropriate for insufficient bike way function-related regulations. The problems of ramps, river crossing facilities, stairway facilities, safety facilities, signs, road markings, and parking facilities, etc.have arisen in the utilization situation and citizen consciousness survey. As an improvement, it was suggested that 12% or fewer ramps should be improved, a submerged bridge should be installed at 7 places separated by stepping bridges, and signs and road markings according to bike way-related regulations should be installed and bike parking facilities at Cheonan station and Cheonan bus terminal should be expanded. The bike way in the waterfront of ChoenanCheon(river) will increase the accessibility and utilization rate of short-distance transportation with the institutional expansion of bike use facilities and work organizations and the improvement of facilities in accordance with urban rivers and bike-related regulations. Therefore, it is expected that the development of the living space will be beneficial for the citizens due to the elimination of traffic in the city and the activation of bike traffic.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.746-757
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• 1996

Bony defects may be found as a result of congenital anomalies, traumatic injury, automobile collisions and industrial accidents in the maxillofacial area. Such conditions are often associated with severs functional and esthetic problem. Various surgical procedure has been utilized in attempts to repair and reconstruct bony defects. Bone is a complex, living, constantly changing tissue. The architecture and composition of cancellous and cortical bone allow the skeleton to perform its essential mechanical functions. Periosteum covers the external surface of bone and consists of two layers : an outer fibrous layer and an inner more cellular and vascular layer. The inner osteogenic layer or cambium layer can form new bone while the outer layer firms part of the insertions of tendons, ligaments and muscles. This study was under taken to evaluate bone healing process on partial defect of calvarial bone with or without periosteum in rat. We made calvarial defects of different size(4mm, 6mm, 8mm) with periosteum or without periosteum in rat to study the effect of defect size on healing process. Control and experimental groups sacrified at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks, postoperatively. We examed the specimens by gloss findings, light microscophy, and fluorescent microscophy. The results were as follows. 1. Gloss findings: Control groups are larger bony defects than experimental groups after 2 weeks, and than control groups advanced healing of defected bone but experimental groups are lesser after 4, 6 weeks. After 8 weeks, bone defect has not been identified in control and experimental groups. 2. Light microscope: All defects of control groups are larger bony defects than experimental groups after 2 weeks. And than control groups show smaller defect after 4 weeks. After 8 weeks, the control group reveal pin-point sized, hardly identifiable defect space and the experimental group reveal small, but definite defect space. 3. Fluorescent microscope : Each week, new bone formation of control group is very similar to the experimental group. In this study, Osteogenesis of calvarial bone defects with periosteum or without periosteum was examined for 8 weeks in rats. The replaced periosteum had batter new bone formation than the removed periosteum.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.822-827
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• 2019

There is a high demand for off-base dwellings around Camp Humphreys in Pyeongtaek in accordance with the USFK base relocation project, but their residential planning needs to reflect their requirements. On the other hand, no studies that examined their requirements directly have been found. This study examined the requirements of USFK stationed in Camp Humphreys to identify their requirements. In general, residential planning requires a determination of the demand-based location and size, identification of the facility elements required for the site plan, and analysis of detailed architectural planning elements required for the building plan. Among these, preference analysis of the off-base dwelling demand, location, and site planning elements were performed in this study, and the architectural planning elements were left as following studies. The analysis showed that the demand for off-base dwellings is high, rental houses are preferred, and the commuting time is the most important factor in the location. In addition, while enjoying urban convenience, the location of the foothills near nature is preferred, the importance of the orientation is low and living with Koreans is not a problem. In addition, the demands for exercise facilities in the complex are relatively high.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.60-68
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• 2018

Due to the complicated plan structure of the apartment units and the improved room-to-room sound insulation performance, it is difficult to communicate and recognize the fire situation by emergency broadcast equipment. In this study, speech intelligibility was measured and analyzed for three types of apartment unit by emergency broadcast equipment on various measurement points. Simulations were also conducted to improve the speech intelligibility. As a result of field measurements 72, 84, and 101 Type were not satisfied with NFSC standard of 90 dBA at the point of 1 m distance from source. In addition, it was evaluated that 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 of NFPA standard was not satisfied at all measurement points except for the 72 Type at living room point with door opened condition. Based on the door opened condition of the bedroom, it satisfied the NFPA of 75 dBA and CIS 0.7 in each bedroom when more than 90 dBA was satisfied at the 1 m separation point provided in NFSC standard.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2011

The apartment' share of the housing has steadily increased and property assets have been valued in importance as the one of asset value. Information retrieval system using internet is particularly active in the real estate market. However, user satisfaction on real estate information system is not very high, and there is a lack of research on real estate retrieval to increasing efficiency until now. This study presents a new knowledge information system developed to consider region-related factor and individual-related factor in the real estate market. In addition it enables a real estate knowledge system to search various preferential requirements for buyers such as school district, living convenience, easy maintenance as well as price. We made a survey of the search condition preference of experts on 30 real estate agents and then analyzed the result using AHP methodology. Furthermore, this research is to build apartment ontology using semantic web technologies to standardize various terminologies of apartment information and to show how it can be used to help buyers find apartments of the interest. After designing architecture of a real estate knowledge information system, this system is applied to the Busan real estate market to estimate the solutions of retrieval through Multi-Attribute Decision Making(MADM). Based on the results of the analysis, we endowed the buyer and expert's selected factors with weights in the system. Evaluation results indicate that this new system is to raise not only the value satisfaction of user, but also make it possible to effectively search and analyze the real estate through entropy analysis of MADM. This new system is to raise not only the value satisfaction of buyer's real estate, but also make it possible to effectively search and analyze the related real estate, consequently saving the searching cost of the buyers.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.180-186
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• 2016

There are many apartment buildings with the government's policy of increasing the supply of residential houses in Korea. Roughly 60% of the Korea population are living in apartment buildings. Since the 1970s, the Korean economy has grown enormously, the economic and social structure was radically transformed to industrialization and urbanization step. A village has grown into a large town in Korea and apartment buildings was constructed to solve national housing shortage by the Korean government and the construction company. Since the 2000s, this apartment buildings which was built in the 1970s and 1980s had become gradually deteriorated. So, reconstruction and remodeling project of apartment buildings have been come into request in Korea. There are two way to improve the residential environment. The one is remodeling of apartment buildings and the other is reconstruction of that. Therefore, we carried out questionnaire and survey study of the preference on the reconstruction and remodeling of old aged apartment which were located in daejeon province. As a result, the preference rate of remodeling is increasing instead of reconstruction because reconstruction of apartment buildings takes more money and needs long construction period.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-339
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• 2009

A historical and cultural map needs an overall reflection of the links based on time and space among the various composite factors, instead of requiring a simple collection of the respective relics in a particular region. The study of history, culture and living environment of river system area, a place that is known to as a cradle of civilization, will be able to undertake a role in the research and comparison with other cultural regions, reaching beyond the regional units until now and moreover investigation the international and intercontinental history of civilization. In this context, this research focuses on the establishment of a cultural information system for the public use and the insight to the regional identity and materialization of culture based on Korea's peculiar history and culture. Thus, the information system for Youngsan River area aims to create a form of electronic map that contains various cultural and historical information on river system area, which is a integrated information system based on Web GIS that is open to public use through the internet. The above mentioned system is a combined product from the basic research data on various fields of study, including archaeology, architecture, arts, ecological environment, history, folk customs, literature, and food, while it aims for not only its utilization in interdisciplinary studies but also creating new value as a public database. As a result, the expected effects due to the establishment of historical and cultural information system based on Web GIS of Youngsan River area are as follows: First, the study can contribute to verify a road map of the study on Youngsan River area. Second, it will take a role to stimulate the academical research on the dynamic structure and characteristics of the Youngsan River area. Third, we can also expect an effect of gaining a full foothold in providing an electronic academic source specialized for the study of the historical and cultural map.