• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1151-1156
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• 2002

This research was done to make the effective prescription and cope with various senile dementia. Sprague-Dawley rats were injured by ibotenic acid to make a damage on learning and memory functions of model rats. At first acquisition test and retention rest were done in the Morris water maze. And to evaluate the effects of the sample drug(GSD) on choline acetyltranferase and acetylcholine esterase, immunoreactive measurement and enzymatic activity measuring were carried out. The ibotenic acid were injected to hippocampus CA1 and CA3 area. Conclusion : GSD improved the learning ability in the acquisition test and memory function in the retention test significantly. And GSD increased the level of ChAT which is synthesizing acetylcholine in CA1 area, and at the same time it increased the level of AChE which is resolving acetylcholine. These results show that GSD improved the cholinergic catabolism and anabolism, and the increment of metabolic activity of cholinergic system. In other words, it contributes to the recovery of damaged learning and memory function by ibotenic acid. So it can be concluded that GSD will be helpful to cholinergic brain damage induced by primary or senile reduction of acetylcholine secretive activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.553-559
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• 2003

In order to make the efficient prescription and cope with various senile dementia, learning and memory functions of Sprague-Dawley model rats were tested with Morris water maze at first. And to evaluate the effects of the sample drug(GM) on choline acetyltranferase and acetylcholine esterase, immunoreactive measurement and enzymatic activity measuring were carried out. Rats were injected with ibotenic acid through hippocampus CA1 and CA3 area. The results are as following. GM improves the learning ability in tile acquisition test and memory function in the retention test significantly. And GM increases the level of ChAT which is synthesizing acetylcholine in CA3 area, and at the same time it increases the level of AChE which is resolving acetylcholine. These results show that GM improve the cholinergic catabolism and anabolism, and the increment of metabolic activity of cholinergic system contributes to the recovery of damaged learning and memory function by ibotenic acid. So it can be concluded that GM will be helpful to cholinergic brain disease induced by primary or senile reduction of acetylcholine secretive activity.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2017

Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) is a method whereby cues associated with previous learning are used to externally reactivate aspects of this learning. Research findings demonstrate that TMR can be a useful tool to enhance memory consolidation during sleep in both animals and humans, especially in the declarative/spatial domain. Neurocognitive processing during sleep with covert cueing via auditory or olfactory stimulation can benefit memory storage. These beneficial effects on memory consolidation during sleep are associated with the activation of memory-related brain areas. The purpose of the present review is to provide a short overview of the findings of studies that adopted the TMR method of sleep-dependent memory consolidation and to suggest the potential applications of TMR in variable areas.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to explore the potential of erythropoietin in memory deficits of mice. Memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, $i.p.$) and intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (i.c.v STZ, 3 mg/kg, $10{\mu}l$, $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day) in separate groups of animals. Morris water-maze test was employed to assess learning and memory. The levels of brain thio-barbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated to assess degree of oxidative stress. Brain acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was also measured. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration induced significant impairment of learning and memory in mice as indicated by marked decrease in Morris water-maze performance. Scopolamine/streptozotocin administration also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (an increase in TBARS and a decrease in GSH) levels. Treatment of erythropoietin (500 and 1,000 IU/Kg i.p.) significantly reversed scopolamine- as well as streptozotocin-induced learning and memory deficits along with attenuation of those-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that erythropoietin exerts a beneficial effect in memory deficits of mice possibly through its multiple actions including potential anti-oxidative effect.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1998

Purpose : This study has an experiment on finding how Hyangbujapamultang advanced the learning and memory of rat to find the method to improve the failure of memory which is the symptom of dementia.Method : In the experiment, rats were divided the control group (14 rat) which medicate the excipient into the sample group (17 rat) which medicates Hyangbujapalmutang. And the learning ability test and the memorv test was practiced to using the task of radial arm maze.The learning ability test had the presupposition that, when a rat which frequents 8 tracks makes am error not exceeding one time for 3 days without a break, it passes the test.First experiment compared total days when the control group passed the test with total days when the sample group it.The memory test practiced after 24 hours when the learning ability test was over. When a rat frequents 4 tracks, the gates is cut off during 30 seconds. Here the number of error at the control group with that of the sample group.Result: In the learning ability test, the sample group needed 5.82${\pm}$0.37 days to pass the test and the control group needed 6.43${\pm}$0.67 days. In the memory test, the sample group errored 0.29${\pm}$0.37 times and the control group errored 1.86${\pm}$0.78 times.Conclusion : In the learning ability test, the sample group passed the test earlier than the control group, but any statistical correlationship couldn't be found in it. In the memory test, the sample group had the pregnant reduction of the number of error in comparison with the control group.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2011

Purpose : This study was to investigate the application of Rhythmic Initiation(RI) in the respect of information processing in motor learning. Methods : A computer-aided literature search was performed in PubMed and adapted to the other databases and the others were in published books. The following keywords were used: Rhythmic Initiation, attention, memory, motor accuracy, feedback, motor learning, motor control, PNF, cognition. Results : The characterization of RI is rhythmic motion of limb or body through the desired range, starting with passive motion and progressing to active resisted movement. This study suggested that the relationship between of RI and motor learning through the respect of information processing, memory, attention and motor accuracy. Conclusion : Only Rhythmic Initiation, specifically focused on the effects of information processing approach, suggesting that RI can be positively influeced on sensory-perception, attention, memory, motor accuracy. however, it is unclear whether positive effects in the laboratory and field can be generalized to improve. In addition, sustainability of motor learning with RI remains uncertain.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.487-499
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• 2022

딥러닝과 같은 기계학습 기술은 최근에 광범위하게 활용되고 있다. 이러한 딥러닝은 최근 낮은 컴퓨팅 성능을 가지는 임베디드 기기 및 엣지 디바이스에서 보안성 향상을 위해 ARM TrustZone과 같은 신뢰 수행 환경에서 수행되는데, 이와 같은 실행 환경에서는 제한된 컴퓨팅 자원으로 인해 정상적인 수행에 방해를 받는다. 이를 극복하기 위해 DNN 모델 partitioning을 통해 TEE의 제한된 memory를 효율적으로 사용하며 DNN 모델을 보호하는 TPMP를 제안한다. TPMP는 최적화된 memory 스케줄링을 통해 기존의 memory 스케줄링 방법으로 수행할 수 없었던 모델들을 TEE 내에서 수행하여 시스템 자원 소모를 거의 증가시키지 않으면서 DNN의 높은 기밀성을 달성한다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of Gonjadaesungchimjoongbang on spatial learning abilities and memories in ischemic brain injury. Methods: Rats were separated into three groups; (1) Normal, (2) Saline medication after ischemic brain injuries (control), (3) Gonjadaesungchimjoongbang medication after ischemic brain injuries (experiment). Ischemic brain injuries was induced by MCA occlusion and reperfusion. Morris water maze test was conducted for spatial learning and memory tests. Then, the change of BDNF in the hippocampus($7^{th}$, $14^{th}$ day) was examined by immunohistoche- mistry. Results: In Morris water maze test, spatial learning abilities and memory functioning were considerably increased in the experiment group as oppose to control group on $7^{th}$ and $14^{th}$ day(p<0.01). Moreover, immunohistochemistric response of BDNF in the hippocampus indicated that the more increased immune reaction was found in the experiment group as oppose to the control group on $7^{th}$ and $14^{th}$ day. Conclusions: Gonjadaesungchimjoongbang can improve the learning abilities and memories in ischemic brain injury.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Modern computer systems usually have special hardware for operations used in deep learning workload even edge computing environment. Non-volatile memories (NVMs) have been considered for alternative memory storage because they consume little static energy and occupy small area. However, there is a problem for NVMs to be directly adopted. An NVM cell has limited write endurance, so that the lifetime of NVM-based memory system is much shorter than that of conventional memory system. To overcome this problem for the deep learning system, this paper proposes a novel method to extend the lifetime based on the analysis of the deep learning workloads. If an incoming block has more than a predefined number of frequently used values, the cacheline is defined as write friendly block. During the victim selection, the cacheline has lower possibility to be chosen as victim. The experimental results show that the lifetime is increased by about 50% and energy consumption is decreased by 3% with a little performance hurt.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

To investigate whether BF-7, extracted from Bombyx mori, improved learning and memory of ordinary people, Rey-Kim Memory Test was performed with placebo group (32 persons), 200 mg BF-7 treated group (33 persons) and 400 mg BF-7 treated group (34 persons). BF-7 enhanced significantly learning and memory function in a dose-dependent manner. To know how BF-T plays such a positive role, we measured the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain from memory impairment animal model. Treatment of BF-7 significantly increased the concentration of acetylcholine. So, it is supposed that the protection of cholinergic neuron and/or keeping proper concentration of acetylcholine might be one of the mechanisms by which BF-7 improve brain function. So, our results suggest that the BF-7 is effective material for improving learning and memory ability.