The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

The Korean Society of Pharmacology (대한약리학회)
권호 표지

The Improvement of Learning and Memory Ability of Normal Persons by BF-7

  • Lee, Sang-Hyung (Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong-Sik (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kang, Yong-Koo (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kwon, Oh-Sang (Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Shin, Yong-Kyoo (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Song, Jln-Ho (Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Moo-Yeol (Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Kwang-Gill (Applied Entomology Division, Department of Sericulture and Entomology, National Institute of Agriculture Science Technology) ;
  • Yeo, Joo-Hong (Applied Entomology Division, Department of Sericulture and Entomology, National Institute of Agriculture Science Technology) ;
  • Lee, Won-Bok (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Lee, Tae-Jin (Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Kim, Sung-Su (Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University)
  • Published : 2004.12.21
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To investigate whether BF-7, extracted from Bombyx mori, improved learning and memory of ordinary people, Rey-Kim Memory Test was performed with placebo group (32 persons), 200 mg BF-7 treated group (33 persons) and 400 mg BF-7 treated group (34 persons). BF-7 enhanced significantly learning and memory function in a dose-dependent manner. To know how BF-T plays such a positive role, we measured the concentration of acetylcholine in the brain from memory impairment animal model. Treatment of BF-7 significantly increased the concentration of acetylcholine. So, it is supposed that the protection of cholinergic neuron and/or keeping proper concentration of acetylcholine might be one of the mechanisms by which BF-7 improve brain function. So, our results suggest that the BF-7 is effective material for improving learning and memory ability.

Keywords

References

  1. Bartolomucci A, de Biurrun G, Czeh B, van Kampen M, Fuchs E. Selective enhancement of spatial learning under chronic psychosocial stress. Eur J Neurosci 15: 1863-1866, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02043.x
  2. Carney JM, Smith CD, Carney AM, Butterfield DA. Aging- and oxygen-induced modifications in brain biochemistry and behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci 738: 44-53, 1994
  3. Chea HS, Kang YK, Shin YK, Lee HJ, Yu JI, Lee KG, Yeo JH, Kim YS. The Role of BF-7 on Neuroprotection and Enhancement of Cognitive Function. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 8: 173-179, 2004
  4. Chklovskii DB, Mel BW, Svoboda K. Cortical rewiring and information storage. Nature 431: 782-788, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03012
  5. Choi JS, Kang DH, Kim JJ, Ha TH, Lee JM, Youn T, Kim IY, Kim SI, Kwon JS. Left anterior subregion of orbitofrontal cortex volume reduction and impaired organizational strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 38: 193-199, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2003.08.001
  6. Cristina C, Jose C, Alvarez-Cermeno, Ignacio R, Matilde S, Alberto A. Low concentrations of glutamte induce apoptosis in cultured neurons: Implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurological Science 206: 92-95, 2003
  7. Diamond DM, Park CR, Woodson JC. Stress generates emotional memories and retrograde amnesia by inducing an endogenous form of hippocampal LTP. Hippocampus 4: 281-291, 2004
  8. Dodart JC, Bales KR, Gannon KS, Greene SJ, DeMattos RB, Mathis C, DeLong CA, Wu S, Wu X, Holtzman DM, Paul SM. Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Abeta burden in Alzheimer's disease model. Nat Neurosci 5: 452- 457, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1038/nn842
  9. Friedrich M, Weber C, Friederici AD. Electrophysiological evidence for delayed mismatch response in infants at-risk for specific language impairment. Psychophysiology 41: 772-782, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00202.x
  10. Gibbs RB, Gabor R, Cox T, Johnson DA. Effects of raloxifene and estradiol on hippocampal acetylcholine release and spatial learning in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29: 741-748, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(03)00118-5
  11. Kang DH, Kwon JS, Kim JJ, Youn T, Park HJ, Kim MS, Lee DS, Lee MC. Brain glucose metabolic changes associated with neuropsychological improvements after 4 months of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107: 291-297, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2003.00070.x
  12. Kim H. Rey-Kim Memory Test. Korea Neuropsychology Press 1999
  13. Lezak M. D. Neuropsychological assessment. New York. Oxford University Press 1983
  14. Li Y, Qin HQ, Chen QS, Wang JJ. Behavioral and neurochemical effects of the intrahippocampal co-injection of beta amyloid protein 1-40 and ibotenic acid in rats. Int J Neurosci 114: 1521- 1531, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450490509159
  15. Min SK, Moon IW, Ko RW, Shin HS. Effects of transdermal nicotine on attention and memory in healthy elderly non-smokers. Psychopharmacology 159: 83-88, 2001 https://doi.org/10.1007/s002130100899
  16. Montgomery JM, Madison DV. Discrete synaptic states define a major mechanism of synapse plasticity. Trends Neurosci 27: 744- 750, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.006
  17. Rey A. L'examen clinique en psychologie. Paris Press Universitaire de France 1964
  18. Rey A. L'examen psychologique dans les cas d'encphalopathie traumatique. Archives de Psychologie 28: 286-340, 1941
  19. Riekkinen P Jr, Ikonen S, Riekkinen M. Tetrahydroaminoacridine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, and D-cycloserine, a partial NMDA receptor-associated glycine site agonist, enhances acquisition of spatial navigation. Neuroreport 9: 1633-1637, 1998 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199805110-00068
  20. Sandi C. Stress, cognitive impairment and cell adhesion molecules. Nat Rev Neurosci 5: 917, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1555
  21. Sato T, Teramoto T, Tanaka K, Ohnishi Y, Irifune M, Nishikawa T. Effects of ovariectomy and calcium deficiency on learning and memory of eight-arm radial maze in middle-aged female rats. Behav Brain Res 142: 207-216, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4328(03)00010-X
  22. Seeger T, Fedorova I, Zheng F, Miyakawa T, Koustova E, Gomeza J, Basile AS, Alzheimer C, Wess J. M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knock-out mice show deficits in behavioral flexibility, working memory, and hippocampal plasticity. J Neurosci 24: 10117-10127, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3581-04.2004
  23. Serrano F, Klann E. Reactive oxygen species and synaptic plasticity in the aging hippocampus. Ageing Res Rev 3: 431-443, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2004.05.002
  24. Sui N, Rose SP. Effects of dark rearing and light exposure on memory for a passive avoidance task in day-old chicks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 68: 230-238, 1997 https://doi.org/10.1006/nlme.1997.3788
  25. Sullivan JM. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids. Learn Mem 7: 132-139, 2000 https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.7.3.132
  26. Swain HA, Sigstad C, Scalzo FM. Effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) on circling behavior, swimming activity, and place preference in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 26: 725-729, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2004.06.009
  27. Takahashi T, Ikeda K, Ishikawa M, Tsukasaki T, Nakama D, Tanida S, Kameda. Social stress-induced cortisol elevation acutely impairs social memory in humans. Neurosci Lett 363: 125-130, 2004 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.062
  28. Tanapat P, Hastings NB, Reeves AJ, Gould E. Estrogen stimulates a transient increase in the number of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the adult female rat. J Neurosci 19: 5792-5801, 1999
  29. Yilmazer-Hanke DM, Roskoden T, Zilles K, Schwegler H. Anxiety-related behavior and densities of glutamate, GABAA, acetylcholine and serotonin receptors in the amygdala of seven inbred mouse strains. Behav Brain Res 145: 145-159, 2003 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4328(03)00107-4
  30. Zhang HY, Liang YQ, Tang XC, He XC, Bai DL. Stereoselectivities of enantiomers of huperzine A in protection against betaamyloid(25-35)-induced injury in PC12 and NG108-15 cells and cholinesterase inhibition in mice. Neurosci Lett 317: 143-146, 2002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02437-5