• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2007

Shape of soybean sprouts affects their marketability. This study was carried out to understand the effects of pressure in both overspraying and underwatering cultivation methods on growth and morphological characteristics of soybean sprouts. Pressing treatments were done by continuous pressing by laying a plastic culture box over another with growing the sprouts, their alteration every day, or no pressing in overspraying method, and by continuous pressing, pressing after the 4th day cultivation with 30 kg steel case, or no pressing in underwatering method. The soybean (cv. Junjery) seeds were soaked in 2 ppm BA solution for 5 hours and then aerated for 3 hours immediately before 6 day culture. Lateral roots, hypocotyl and root lengths, hypocotyl diameters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Lateral roots per sprout were decreased with stronger pressing regardless of watering methods. In overspraying method, continuous pressing treatment resulted in shortest hypocotyl, but no and ones did the longest root. In underwatering method, however, no pressing one showed the longest hypocotyl but continuous pressing did the shortest hypocotyl. Regardless of watering methods, middle part of hypocotyl was more thickened with stronger pressing although hook diameters of the 3 treatments were not affected. In overspraying method. total fresh weight per sprout was the least in no pressing but the greatest in continuous pressing. In underwatering method, however, there was no significant difference between the treatments.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.207-232
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• 2013

FTA(Free Trade Agreement) of South Korea and European Union(EU) took effect from July 1, 2011. Korea signed a contract FTA with the European Union by first among Asian country, and Korea EU FTA is evaluated that it is wide, comprehensive and high level FTA. Therefore, Korea EU FTA will become FTA that dimension is high, and FTA fermentation with the European Union may activate the Korean economy through extension of export. By the way, in Korea EU FTA, the stipulations on import and export clearance system is different compared with other FTA. Therefore, exporter and importers should compare thoroughly on essential factor of origin standard and preferential tariff which is set in FTA Agreement. In this study, I analyzed 'conditions of direct transport' that is prescribed in article 13 of Korea EU FTA. Particular, I analyzed recently example of appeal for review that decision is made in the Korea Customs Service(KCS). Laying stress on counter measure of business, conclusion in this study is as following. First, companies must understand correctly a single consignment and a single transport document under Korea EU FTA. Second, companies must not analyze wrong 'conditions of direct transport'. Third, when simplicity transshipment or temporary custody is consisted, companies must secure documentary evidence as soon as possible. Fourth, in case goods pass third country, companies must understand uprightly 'a single consignment'. Finally, companies should keep in mind to truth that European Union and EFTA are different FTA.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.1 s.62
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• pp.34-38
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• 1985

Effects of some artificial diets containing pulverized silkworm pupae On the oviposition of a green lacewing, Chrysopa formosa, were studied. The pulverized silkworm pupae with honey seemed to be a good diet for the egg-laying activity of field-collected adults in the beginning of rearing, but their fecundity progressively decreased. Newly emerged adults. did. not lay eggs when fed the above diet, but they were able to lay eggs when the silkworm pupae were defatted and provided with honey. An adult female laid an average of 166.8, 110.2, 96.1, and 66.1 eggs after spending 5, 9, 9, and 11 days for the initiation of oviposition when supplied with various diets i.e. the cabbage aphid, defatted silkworm pupae with additive constituents, mixture of intact and defatted silkworm pupae with additive constituents, and defatted silkworm pupae with honey, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

The winter cherry bug, Acanthocoris sordidus (Thunberg), is an insect pest hat damages plants from Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. The developmental period from egg to adult averages 76 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Adult egg-laying occurred irregularly via spawning, averaging 195 (up to 468) eggs per individual on the abaxial leaf surface of the host plant. Results of linear regression indicated that the lower developmental threshold temperature was $13.9^{\circ}C$ and the effective accumulated temperature was 526.3 DD. Data from a pepper field in 2015 indicated that overwintering adults first appeared during late June (daily average temperature = $25.7^{\circ}C$), reaching maximum density by early September. A choice test examining colonization preferences using a net cage and a Y-tube olfactometer revealed that females gravitated toward conspecifics (other females, males, or both), whereas males moved toward empty areas. Finally, we found that communal breeding results in a longer developmental period and higher eclosion rates than solitary breeding. Developmental periods and eclosion rates were also for colonies in a large space than for those in a small space. This outcome suggests that colonization effects on insect development are stronger in a smaller area.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.165-182
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• 1994

Korea's clothing industry which has been country's leading export industry and basic strategical industry is now faced with many difficulties both domestically and internationally. Domestically it is faced with continuing shortage of manpower in both production line and management high labour cost causing increase in price putting more weight on behavior of consumers resulting in change of industrial environment and continuing structural problems of industry itself. Internationally it is faced with strengthening of import regulations and protectionism of developed countries and rapid emergence of underdeveloped countries as leading exporting nations. In reality export plays the most essential role in our economy and is especially sensitive to the external environmental factors. Already economic bloc phonomenon can be seen everywhere and is continuing to accelerate in place such as E. U in Europ, North & South America as NAFTA, and South East Asian contries which recent tendency of economic unity effort is present. These countries of such economic blocs are imposing heavy custom duties reinforcing provision of country origin and acting out strict inspection regulations in order to protect the interest of their own industry. Therefore it is vital to manufacture excellent quality goods For these reasons study in this area has brought attention in Korea as well as worldwide in the recent years. Apparel industry which requires professional technology and ability is the most competitive international business. In order to challenge the international market the high level of intelligence is most required to produce high quality goods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between functions and roles of marketing and to approach problems in more efficient manner. Apparel industry is composed of various programs such as design pattern making merchandising and textile science. To succeed in the business is to give the highest satisfaction to the targeted market. Hence this study will example the factors that determine the Cost Quality and Performance of apparel products. The study will involve following steps; firstly establish relationship between the quality concept and productivity of apparel products Secondly inquire in to marketing strategy laying stress on apparel production related factors focusing on merchandising marketing production and operations Thirdly prospect 21st century apparel industry focusing on garment production and trade and also other countries structural improvement Fourthly establish the new dimension of competitive factors by grasping the actual circumstance of Korea's apparel industry in the international market. The research method will include; First reality approach method by analysing the present state of industry Second literal analysis such as marketing comparisons between leading apparel exporting countries.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 1984

During the 1978-79 Newcastle disease (ND) epizootic period, a detailed survey was conducted on the five representative farms which had been following one of the recommended vaccination programs. When the disease broke out during laying period, clinical symptoms were mild to moderate respiratory distress and greenish diarrhea. Affected flocks experienced weekly mortality from less than 1% to 17%. Egg production returned to normal 18 to 36 days after the initial signs appeared although some flocks never returned to normal. On postmortem examination,, most affected chickens showed severe hemorrhagic lesions in the duodenum, hematoma on ova, and heavy fat accmulation on various visceral organs. Most of the NO affected flocks had geometric mean hemagglutination inhibition antibody(HIA) titers of 7 log$_2$ or higher two to three weeks after the appearance of clinical signs. These HIA titers were at least 16-fold higher than those before infection. Flock mean HIA titers before infection were usually lower than 3 log$_2$. Severity of clinical signs and anamnestic antibody response were maximum in the flocks whose vaccination immunity was insufficient or waned considerably. Observations showed that even young birds, if properly vaccinated, could get effective protection from field ND exposure.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Bupleurum falcatum L.(BFL) on performance, blood component and hormonal secretion in broiler breeder hens. A total of 800 broiler breeder hens were allotted to four treatments(BFL ; 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0%) with four replications for eight weeks. Weight gain was not significantly different between the groups in growing period($20{\sim}24$ weeks), but egg production and egg mass of broiler breeder hens fed BFL were significantly(p<0.05) higher than those of the control groups in laying period($24{\sim}28$ weeks). Dietary BFL did not affect serum triglyceride concentration, whereas serum cholesterol concentration was significantly increased(p<0.05) in 2.0% BFL-fed groups. No statistical differences were found in serum glucose, Ca, P, Mg, total protein, albumin, GGT, AST, ALT and BUN concentrations. However, albumin/globulin ratio was statistically higher in BFL-fed groups compared to the control groups(p<0.05). Serum estrogen concentrations were significantly increased by feeding a diet containing 0.5% BFL, but progesterone were not influenced. Serum IGF-I of BFL groups was greater than that of control groups at 28 weeks(p<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary addition of BFL into broiler breeder diets improved egg production, serum estrogen and IGF-I concentration, and decreased serum cholesterol concentration and albumin/globulin ratio.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Undaria pinnatifida on the hysicochemical properties in egg from laying hens fed with $5\%,\;10\%$and $15\%$ supplementation, respectively. The increased amount of Undaria pinnatifida resulted in the decreased weight of egg, expecially in white ones. Darkness, greenness, and blueness of egg yolk and white were increased with the addition of Undanria pinnatifida, and such color changes were predominantly observed in egg york. Among the analyzed minerals, the contents of Ca, Fe and K were increased to $286.6\;mg\%$, $72\;mg\%$ and $430.6\;mg\%$, respectively. But amount of p was reduced to $134.2\;mg\%$. Total cholesterol contents were not significantly changed. Major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid The contents of omega-3, omega-6 and essential fatty acids were increased to $2.5\%,\;17.6\%$, and $18.4\%$, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an unexpected change in housing environment on stress in poultry. Laying hens (Hy-line Brown), adapted to a free-range housing system for more than a month, were randomly divided into two groups to be subjected to an unexpected change of their housing environment: one half of them were individually housed into conventional battery cages and the other continually left in the same housing system throughout the entire period of the study. The sudden change resulted in an increase in egg production and albumen height (P<0.05), but decrease in eggshell thickness (P<0.05). The change had tendency to increase Haugh unit ($P{\leq}0.061$) and to decrease eggshell color ($P{\leq}0.074$), but did not affect body weight for 5 days thereafter. No significant changes were detected in liver color. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone was acutely increased one day after the change (P<0.05), then returned to similar control levels. The results of the present study indicate that unexpected changes in housing environment cause acute increase in stress hormone concentrations, but interpretation of the results should be cautious due to the experimental conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.745-751
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• 2013

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) have been established widely in the world since 1979 for monitoring long-term bio-accumulation of environmental pollutants. The ESBs perform the retrospective analysis of representative biological samples collected regularly and store them in cryogenic condition. In Korea, National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) was established in 2009. Since then, NESB had prepared the standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the seven kinds of specimens (Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio), and etc.) for monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the terrestrial ecosystem and river ecosystem. In 2012, NESB added Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris)'s eggs to the list of the environmental specimen for monitoring marine environmental pollution. In this study, we sampled the eggs of the Black-tailed Gull on two islands (Baekryeongdo of the West Sea and Hongdo of the South Sea). Especially, we selected eggs which remained in the early stages of embryo development for certifying the consistent and stable monitoring for environmental pollutants in egg contents. However, it was not considered to classify an order of eggs per clutch in this study. It is known that the concentration variations of pollutants exist among eggs in one clutch. Therefore, it is needed to consider the positions of eggs in the laying sequences to meet the objective of bioaccumulation monitoring. We collected 30 eggs in each site but the amount may be insufficient to achieve storage target (over 2,000 g). Therefore, we need to consider an optimal sampling size.