• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 1997

The ethylacetate fraction of the overground portion of Polygonum aviculare L. exhibited the anti-lipid peroxidation and the liver protective effect in intoxicated rats. Through silica gel chromatography of the ethylacetate fraction monitered by bioassay, two flavonoids, avicularin and juglanin were isolated as active components. Avicularin and juglanin remarkablely inhibited the lipid peroxidation of rat liver induced by 50% ethanol. Especially avicularin exhibited the stronger anti-lipid peroxidation effect than juglanin. Avicularin as a main principle of Polygonum aviculare L. significantly exhibited liver protective activities by decreasing s-GOT and s-LDH levels which represent for the hepatotoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ in rats. In addition, avicularin significantly decreased not only s-LDH but also s-bilirubin levels in intoxicated rat induced by ${\alpha}-naphthylisothiocyanate\;(ANIT)$. These results suggest that avicularin has the protective effects against the hepatoxicity induced by $CCl_4$ and ANIT in rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.291-295
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• 2007

Eight compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia supina (Euphorbiaceae) through repeated silica gel, YMC gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated as 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (scopoletin) (1), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4), quercetin (5), quercetin $3-O-{\alpha}-L-arabinofuranoside$ (avicularin) (6), kaempferol $3-O-{\alpha}-L-arabinofuranoside$ (juglanin) (7) and kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (astragaline) (8) by spectroscopic (NMR and MS) analysis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

Six compounds were isolated from EtOAc soluble fraction of the leaves of Rhododenderon schlipenbachii. On the basis of spectral data, they were identified as quercetin (1), juglanin (2), avicularin (3), quercitrin (4), afzelin (5), and hirsutrin (6), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.72-80
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• 2006

Fallen needle (8.5 kg) of Larix kaempferi were collected and extracted with 95% EtOH. The EtOH extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure, concentrated, and successively fractionated with a series of hexane, methylene chloride, ethylacetate and water on a separatory funnel to be freeze dried. A portion of ethylacetate and water soluble powder were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column eluting with aqueous MeOH and EtOH-hexane mixture. Spectrometric analyses such as NMR and FAB-MS, including TLC, were performed on the seven isolated compounds and were elucidated as (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, 2"-O-rhamnosylvitexin, juglanin, afzelin, laricitrin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside, isoquercitrin and cedrusin.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2009

Phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Geranium eriostemon resulted in the isolation of one triterpene, three furofuran lignans, one syringic acid and four flavonoids. Their chemical structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods to be oleanolic acid (1), (-)-kobusin (2), (-)-eudesmin (3), (+)-magnolin (4), syringic acid (5), quercetin (6), juglanin (7), juglalin (8), and hyperin (9). All compounds (1 - 9) were isolated for the first time from this plant source and the compounds 2 - 4 were reported first from the genus Geranium. Compounds 4 - 6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines in vitro using a SRB bioassay.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 2008

Eight compounds were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction of Euphorbia supina MeOH extract as the radical scavengers for antioxidant activity. Their structures were identified as kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), juglanin (3), avicularin (4), astragalin (5), isoquercitrin (6), hyperin (7), and nicotiflorin (8) by spectroscopic analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assay, which measures scavenging activity against peroxy radicals induced by 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, and the ORAC value is expressed as relative trolox equivalent. Compounds 4, 6, and 7 exhibited potent antioxidant activity, whereas the other compounds showed weaker activity than trolox.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2014

Bioactivity-guided investigation on whole plant of Euphorbia supina, using LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells, led to the identificaiton of a tannin which was not reported from this plant along with four known constituents (quercetin, astragalin, juglanin and methyl gallate). The structure of the tannin was determined as corilagin by the interpretation of NMR (1D and 2D) and MS spectroscopic data. All the isolates were tested for the inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. Among the tested isolates, corilagin was found to be the most active compound.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.123-126
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• 2008

The five flavonoids, isoqueritrin, juglanin, astragalin and 2-O-trans-p-coumaroyl astragalin were quantitatively analyzed in the leaves, unripe- and ripe fruits of four Korean Rubus species including Rubus crataegifolius, R. pungens var. oldhami, R. parvifolius, and R. coreanus belonging to the Rosaceae family. The HPLC analysis demonstrated that flavonoids are more abundant in the leaves than in the fruits. In the four Rubus species, ripe fruits generally contained similar or more amount of flavonoids than in unripe fruits. In particular, the quantity levels of total flavonoid (49.81${\pm}$0.50 mg/g) and isoquercitrin (35.08${\pm}$0.37 mg/g) were highest in the leaf of R. crataegifolius. In addition, the content of the flavonoids were quite low in the unripe fruits of R. coreanus that is most widely used as Rubi Fructus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2016

A method for simultaneously identifying antioxidative compounds was developed using time-based LC-MS coupled with DPPH assay regardless of the time consuming process. The methanolic extract of Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) showed significant DPPH radical scavenging activity. Time-based DPPH assay for simultaneous identification of active compounds from the extracts of P. aviculare was used. Major peaks of ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. A simple phenolic compound (1) and six flavonoids (2-7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of P. aviculare by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of seven compounds were determined to be protocatechuic acid (1), catechin (2), myricitrin (3), epicatechin-3-O-gallate (4), avicularin (5), quercitrin (6), and juglanin (7) based on the analysis of the $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and ESI-MS data. All compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH assay and active compounds were well correlated with predicted one.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.303-314
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• 2010

In this study, the antibacterial, antioxidative effect and component analysis of Pinus koraiensis leaf extracts were investigated. MIC values of the ethyl acetate fraction from P. koraiensis leaf extracts on P. acnes, S. aureus, P. ovale, and E. coli were 0.06 %, 0.25 %, 0.13 % and 0.50 %, respectively. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction on P. acnes, P. ovale. and S. aureus was more prominent. The aglycone fraction of P. koraiensis leaf extracts ($22.93\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed more higher free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$) of P. koraiensis leaf extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}$-EDTA/$H_2O_2$ system was investigated using the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % ethanol extract ($0.70\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity. Also the ethyl acetate ($1.04\;{\mu}g/mL$) and the aglycone fraction ($1.43\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed very high antoxidant activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of P. koraiensis leaf extracts on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The P. koraiensis leaf extracts showed cellular membrane protective effects in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/mL$). TLC and HPLC chromatogram of the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from hydrolysis of P. koraiensis leaf extracts revealed 2 main bands (PK-4, PK-6) and peaks (peak 1, peak 2), which were identified as kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (PK-6, peak 1) and kaempferol-3-O-arabinoside (PK-4, peak 2) by LC/ESI-MS/MS, respectively. These results indicate that extract/fractions of P. koraiensis can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging ROS, and protect cellular membrane against ROS. Extract/fractions of P. koraiensis can be applicable to new cosmeceuticals for antioxidant, antiaging, and antibacterial activity.