• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2003

This paper presents the role and its function of Tool server. MPEG-21 means multimedia framework for delivery and consumption of multimedia which is being discussed in ISO/IEC 21000. A view of MPEC-21 aims to define multimedia framework to enable transparent use of multimedia resource across a wide range of networks and devices used by different communities. MPEG-21 will enable all-electronic creation delivery and trade of digital multimedia content and transparent usage of various content types on network device. Therefore, we can provide access to information and services from almost anywhere at anytime with various terminals and networks. In order to support multimedia delivery chain that contains content creation, production, delivery and consumption, we need many standards(elements) for identify, describe, manage and protect the content. Thus, we define Digital Item Player(DIP), Digital Item Adaptation(DIA) server and Tool server as primary objects of MPEG-21 multimedia framework. DIP provides a function which creates and consumes Digital Item(DI) as a kind of a digital object by user. A DI contains both media resources and metadata including rights information. DIA server deals with the usage environment description schema of the user characteristics, terminal and network characteristics and natural environments. DIA server adapts the original DI to the usage environment description sent from the terminal and transmits the adapted DI to the terminal. Tool server searches for a tool requested from DIP or DIA and downloads the best tool to DIP or DIA server. In this paper, we present how Tool sewer is organized and is used among 2 primary objects. The paper is structured as followings: Section 1 briefly describes why MPEG-21 is needed and what MPEG-21 wants. We see requirement that tool server must equip functionally in section 2. The proposed tool server,its structure and its functionality are presented in section 3. Section 4 explains a scenario that tool server transmits tool to DIP and shows the experimental result. The paper concludes in section 5.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.158-175
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to understand and improve the clothing habits and the apparel industry of North Korea in preparation for the reunification of South and North Korea. For this study, literary data, reports, periodicals, interviews and internet data of the two Koreas were reviewed. North Korean clothing habits used to be monotonous and uniform but nowadays people's clothes have become somewhat brighter in color and more diverse in design than before. In particular, liberal and individual dressing habits appeared among the privileged classes. When taking part in national events, women have to wear the traditional Korean costume, Hanbok, while men wear business suits for formal wear. In general, men don't wear Hanbok. Students have to be in uniforms but blue jeans, T-shirts with English logos were popular among them reflecting their sensitivity and openness towards western cultures. The brides usually wear pink Hanboks and the bridegrooms wear black business suits for their wedding. North Koreans also wear Hanbok on national holidays like South Koreans. Clothing is the most important item in the trade of process commission between North and South Korea. Trading items are mid to low end men's clothing for the most part due to less emphasis on fashion in the North. The processing is indirect trade and composed of sample making and contracting, sending out materials and production, carrying in goods and setting accounts. To activate South-North trade, establishment of infrastructure, stabilization of shipping, reducing high costs of distribution, building direct communication system by setting up office in a neutral zone and simplifying procedures in applying for the South and North Korea Economic Cooperation Fund. On the other hand, clothing and textiles education is carried on at art colleges, light industries colleges and commercial colleges in Pyongyang. Clothing institutes which study Hanbok and Western clothes, are installed in each city and province. Graduates who majored in clothing and textiles are posted in institutes or apparel factories. Their job is designing, patternmaking and sewing for their customers. Most of them are women and in good state of economic conditions. The North Korean clothing industry has been the core national industry that has developed based on overseas demand form the mid 1980s. The standard is that of South Korea in the early 1980s. In 1999, trade of North Korean textile products with trade counterparts such as Japan and China was $1.3 million in exports and $1.27 in imports. Of this amount the export takes up 25.4% of the total exports in North Korea. However, fundamentally even in sectors that are irrelevant to politics such as the fashion clothing industry, trust between the South and North should be a prerequisite. Only through this can exchange between North and South and economic cooperation contribute towards the reunification.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1003-1007
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• 2009

In this paper, we developed a mobile RPG System based on real time. This system includes game engine based on real time, system library, item trade server based on network, and client tools. Also, to make inroads into USA market, we are using smart phone platform based on Microsoft Windows CE.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.647-652
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• 1998

This study is to find out the emission estimation in Kimhae area. For this purpose, the Kimhae statistical yearbook and data of waste facilities issued by Kimhae city and the report on energy census issued by the ministry of trade, industry and energy are used. Each item for the emission estimation is $SO_2$, CO, HC, Nox, TSP from point, line, area sources. The results were as follows; The air pollutants with the highest mont of emission from the emission sources is CO followed by Nox, $SO_2$, TSP, HC in descending order of magnitude. The emission consists of 66.15% of line, 24.65% of area and 9.20% of point sources at Kimhae.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.203-219
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• 2008

This study shows the following results. First, the assessment items of the whole exhibition operation, workforce, counselor's ability, facility and environment were important analysis factors for exhibition recognition, quality of human operation and quality of exhibition facility and environment. Second, exhibition recognition was found to be the most significant factor that influenced exhibitor's cognitive achievement, exhibition employee operation and exhibition facility. Third, exhibitors' satisfaction simultaneously increased as exhibition recognition and employee operation quality were raised. However, exhibition facility didn't strongly influence exhibitors' satisfaction. Fourth, high exhibition recognition, employee operation and exhibition facility resulted in high cognitive achievement and exhibitor's loyalty. Fifth, exhibition recognition is a highly influential factor to mediate exhibitor's cognitive achievement and exhibitors' loyalty. It implied that exhibitors' cognitive achievement and satisfaction were significantly related to the exhibition quality factor. Moreover, it indicated the effective and efficient operational method to strengthen promotional strategy, enhance the quality of employee operation, exhibition facility and environment. Thus, the results suggest a new method to evaluate exhibitor's satisfaction in the exhibition industry.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.691-699
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• 2020

South Korea's available water resources per capita is very small compared to global average as there is a high population on small land. Thus, it is imperative to secure water resources for the safe livelihood of the citizens. As an advanced, industrialized country, South Korean economic dependence on agricultural has greatly lowered. Unless South Korea utilizes foreign water resources, it is impossible to provide agricultural and livestock products the same as current levels. However, virtual water-related research in South Korea is still inadequate. When establishing the water resources plan, it does not consider the international trade of virtual water. This research aims to solve this issue by analyzing the international virtual water trends focusing on South Korea. Consequently, the export and import of virtual water trade was identified according to country and item for 248 countries and South Korea. According to the results, South Korea's agricultural and livestock virtual water has much higher imports than exports, which outputs with agricultural by-products being the main import. In 2018, South Korea imported 72.2 billion ㎥, which is 29 times the exported amount of 2.5 billion ㎥. The research results can be used as baseline data for establishing the national water resources plan in the future.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.317-344
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• 2013

This study wished to construct and propose correct Korea-USA FTA business model in Food Industry for FTA practical use maximization. First, the application item of Wholly Obtained Criterion may have to construct Wholly Obtained Criterion FTA practical use strategy. This strategy is to export to FTA country concerned after process domestically made main material. Second, the application item of Change in Tariff Heading may have to construct Change in Tariff Heading FTA practical use strategy. This strategy exports to FTA country concerned after that process that receives tariff cut(Cost reduction) benefit, and satisfies Change in Tariff Heading importing main material from third country (The FTA conclusion country).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1415-1425
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• 2018

MMORPG genre is based on the belief that all users in virtual world are equal. All users are able to obtain the corresponding wealth or status as they strive under the same resource, time. However, game bot is the main factor for harming this fair competition, causing benign gamers to feel a relative deprivation and deviate from the game. Game bots mainly form GFG(Gold Farming Group), which collects the goods in the game indiscriminately and adversely affects the economic system of the game. A general game bot detection algorithm is useful for detecting each bot, but it only covers few portions of GFG, not the whole, so it needs a wider range of detecting method. In this paper, we propose a method of detecting GFG based on items used in MMORPG genre. Several items that are mainly traded in the game were selected and the flows of those items were represented by a network. We Identified the characteristics of exchanging items of GFG bots and can identify the GFG's item trade network with real datasets from one of the popular online games.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.689-718
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• 2014

This study analyzes the ripple effects on the national economy of the flood damage using a perfect foresight dynamic CGE model for 2010 as the base year in case that the flood damage reduces the capital of the relevant industrial sectors. The analysis is limited to the items of physical damage such as agricultural land, ships and public facilities, for which statistical data can be obtained. As flood damage scenarios we adopt the minimum, maximum and average value of flood damage's historical data over the period 1991~2010 for each item. The results show that the largest production decline happens to the industry of fishing and transport and the next largest to the agricultural and forestry industry. The GDP reduction in the base year turns out to be from 0.001 to 0.057 percent compared to the benchmark and 11 percent compared to the exogenous shock to capital stock. Dynamically, the GDP gradually decreases until the year of 2030, which shows the long-lasting impact on the national economy of flood damage via the chanel of the capital damage.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-121
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• 2018

In 1995, the WTO started to ease the trade barriers. Globalization has accelerated. The opening of the agricultural products market is rapidly gaining momentum with the conclusion of an FTA. The acceleration of this FTA is expected to be a threat to Korea's agriculture, and a new strategy is needed. At the beginning of the nuclear accident, mainly radioactive materials are found in the surface layer of the soil. Over time, the concentration of the plant gradually increases. After 5 years, it becomes noticeable. In March 2016, it will be five years after the nuclear accident. Radioactive contamination is very likely to occur in agricultural products produced in the Fukushima area at this time. In this period, agricultural products produced in the Fukushima region are expected to generate supply disruptions in Japan, and imports to replace them will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a mid- and long-term strategy for exporting to Japan by analyzing the competitiveness of Korean agricultural products. In this study, standardization index was derived by using agricultural price ratio, TSI, export CAC. Based on this, we analyzed the competitiveness of each item in the Japanese market. The analysis shows that garlic is the most competitive product in the Japanese market. Also, strawberry, tomato, and cucumber were found to be competitive. On the other hand, Kiwi, pineapple, soybean, onion, potato, etc. As a result of the analysis, the following strategies were proposed for the export of agricultural products with high competitiveness. First, it is necessary to develop technology to suppress deterioration of export transportation quality. Second, continuous supply of local consumption pattern information is required. Third, it is necessary to expand exports by processing fresh food. Fourth, it suggested the establishment of export base and strengthening of support system.