• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND: Salinity is one of the main environmental stresses deteriorating qualities as well as yields of food crops. This study was conducted to identify the effects of salt stress on dry matter ratio, glucose content, and mineral content and composition in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). METHODS AND RESULTS: Four potato varieties were grown in plastic pots (diameter 20 cm and height 25 cm) with three salinity levels (EC: 1.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dS/m) in a glasshouse. Dry matter ratio, specific gravity, starch, and glucose content in tubers harvested at 90 days after sowing were analyzed. Also, mineral contents (T-N, T-C, $P_2O_5$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Na^+$) in stem, leaf, and tuber were investigated and statistically analyzed for analysis of variance (ANOVA). Dry matter ratio, specific gravity, and starch content in tubers were reduced in all varieties as the salt concentration increased. Glucose content tended to decrease according to the salt concentration. In ANOVA analysis of mineral contents, there were significant differences in $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ of leaf and stem, in $Na^+$ of leaf and tuber, and also in $Ca^{2+}$ of leaf by the interactions of variety and salinity. In the case of $K^+/Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}/Na^+$, the stem was more sensitively influenced by the salt treatment than the leaf or the tuber. The $K^+/Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}/Na^+$ decreased in leaf, stem, and tuber of four varieties, as the salt concentration became higher. The decreasing level varied according to the varieties. 'Kroda' and 'Duback' maintained relatively higher $K^+/Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}/Na^+$ than 'Atlantic' or 'Goun' under the salt stress conditions. CONCLUSION: The composition and accumulation of minerals in potato plant as well as dry matter ratio, starch, and glucose contents were significantly influenced by salt stress. The respond patterns were different depending on the varieties and it was related to the salt tolerance among varieties.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.3-44
• /
• 2012

The purpose of the study is to explore the strategies to build participatory digital archives for documenting localities. Following the introduction of the chapter one, the chapter two deals with categorizing participation types of persons and organizations for documenting localities, analysing characteristics and benefits of each type, and listing up the requirements of participatory archives based on literature reviews. The chapter three focuses on the analyses of digital archives especially based on the participation of organizations such as collecting institutions and community archives in USA, Canada and UK. The cases of participatory archives are divided into two types; i) digital archives based on archival collections of institutions such as libraries, archives, and museums, ii) digital archives mainly based on various community archives. Online Archives California(OAC) and Calisphere of University of California, MemoryBC of British Columbia of Canada, and People's Collection Wales of UK as the first type cases, and Connecting Histories of Birmingham, 'Community Archives Wales(CAW), Cambridgeshire Community Archive Network(CCAN), Norfolk Community Archives Network(NORCAN) as the second type cases are selected for comparative analyses. All these cases can be considered as archival portals since they cover collections from various organizations. This study then evaluates how these digital archives fulfill the requirements of participatory archives such as : i) integrated search of archives that are to be distributed, ii) participation of individuals and organizations, and iii) providing broader contextual information and representation of context as well as contents of archives. Lastly the final chapter suggests the implications for building participatory archives in Korean local areas based on following aspects : host organizations and implementation strategy, networks of collection institutions and community archives, preserving and reorganizing contextual information, selection and appraisal, and participation of records users and creators.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.50
• /
• pp.273-309
• /
• 2016

Unlike other government agencies, the city of Seoul experienced a three-year gap between the establishment of a function classification system and the introduction of a business management system. As a result, the city has been unable to manage the current status of the function classification system, and this impeded the establishment of standards for records management. In September 2012, the Seoul Metropolitan Government integrated the department in charge of the standard sheet for record management with the department of function classification system into a new department: "Information Disclosure Policy Division." This new department is mainly responsible for record management and information disclosure, and taking this as an opportunity, the city government has pushed ahead with the maintenance project on BRM and Standards for Record Management (hereby "BRM maintenance project") over the past two years, from 2013 to 2014. The study was thus conducted to introduce the case for the improvement of standards for record management through the BRM maintenance project by mainly exploring the case of Seoul. During the BRM maintenance project, Seoul established a unique methodology to minimize the gap between the operation of a business management system and the burden of the person in charge of the BRM maintenance project. Furthermore, after the introduction of the business management system, the city government developed its own processes and applied the maintenance result to the system in close cooperation with the related departments, despite the lack of precedence on the maintenance of the classification system. In addition, training for the BRM managers of the department has taken place twice -before and after the maintenance-for the successful performance of the BRM maintenance project and the stable operation of the project in the future. During the period of maintenance, newsletters were distributed to all employees in an effort to induce their active participation and increase the importance of records management. To keep the performance of the maintenance project and to systematically manage BRM in the future, the city government has mapped out several plans for improvement: to apply the "BRM classification system of each purpose" to the service of the "Seoul Open Data Plaza"; to reinforce the function for task management in the business management system; and to develop the function of a records management system for the unit tasks. As such, the researchers hope that this study would serve as a helpful reference so that the organizations-which had planned to introduce BRM or to perform the maintenance project on classification system-experience fewer trials and errors.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.39
• /
• pp.281-318
• /
• 2014

This article aims to inquire into the decision making system and the sources of the original documents made by means of it in Imperial Japan, the colonial Chosun, GHQ, and the occupied Japan in terms of the post-war treatments of compensation on the Japanese colonial rules. It deals with them from 1910 to 1952 in the perspective of history and archivistics. This article attempts to establish the foundation on which the perception of the documents made in the Imperial Japan, its colony, and the occupied territory would be widened by placing the colonial rules and the compensation on them into a continuous line. The records of Japan's forced occupation of Korea during 1910-1945, and the original records documenting the decision making process of post-war compensation under GHQ, 1945-1952, have been dispersed in Korea, Japan and the United States. This dispersed preservation was mainly due to the complicated decision-making process among Governor-General of Chosun, the Japanese Imperial government, and the GHQ. It was the top-down styled, dual decision making system, in which the critical policies, personnel, and budget had been decided in Imperial homeland, while their implementations were made in the colonies. As a result, the records documenting the whole process of domination have been preserved dispersedly in Japan and its colonies. In particular, the accounts of not yet paid Korean workers that was forced to mobilize in Japan's colonial periods, which is emerging as the diplomatic conflict between Korea and Japan, had been dealt in the decrees of the Japanese government and policy-making of GHQ. It has already been changed to the problem as 'economic cooperation' from the 'debt'. Also, the critical records for post-war compensation were preserved dispersedly in the United States and Japan under the top-down decision making process of GHQ-Japan. Therefore, the dispersed records of 1910-1952 about the colonial rules by the Imperial Japan and the post-war compensation on them must be re-investigated for the adequate documentation in the context of time and space.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2019

After making tea by steaming the Artichoke(Hellanthus tuberosus) nine times and drying them nine times, the ingredients and functions of the Artichoke tea were compared to those of M. It had 342.27kcal/100g in its own deloped Artichoke tea, 73.87g/100g of carbohydrates, 6.80g/100g of crude ash and 8.21g/100g of crude protein. The total of free sugars were 32.66mg/100, among them, fructose 17.40, sucrose 9.03 and glucose 6.05 mg/100g. The total mineral contents of the developed tea was 2,785.67mg/100g. It was 2,563.93mg/100g of potassium, 97.52mg/100g of calcium and 88.78mg/100g of magnesium. The saturated fat of Artichoke tea was 30.34mg/100g and unsaturated fat was 69.66mg/100g, among which the linoleic acid was 47.0mg/100%, palmitic acid was 25.31mg/100% and linolenic acid was 8.61mg/100g. DPPH radical scavenging was 34.2% of teas that were developed, 5.2% of M's for comparison, and 44.0% of index materials. ABTS radical scavenging was 93.0% of teas developed, 61.9% of M's tea and 47.6% of index materials, and SOD like activity was 2.7% of teas developed and 1.6% of M's tea. The flavonoid content was 2.8 fold of the tea developed, 2.0 fold of M's tea and 1.7 fold of index material. The polyphenol content was 38.2 fold, 8.92 fold of M's tea and 14.0 fold of index material. The inhibition rate for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase was 9.83% teas developed and 8.92% of M's. The sensory evaluation compares to the one time extract and the five time extract. Based on the one-time extract, color of tea developed was 83.7%, the M's tea was 50.0%, the flavor was 78%, M's tea was 42.5%, the delicate taste was 66.7% of teas developed and M's tea was 37.5% and the overall acceptability was 73.3% of teas developed, M's tea was 47.5%. The comparison of M's tea showed that the extract decreased as we made it, and the overall symbol level decreased to 46.3% after five time-extyracts, while that of the developed tea decreased to 73.3%. The Artichoke tea developed this way is believed to have greater antioxidant function, higher effective substance content, and a higher affinity than M's tea an index material for comparison purposes.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Recently TF-adaptive movement is developed in order to increase the durability of TF files. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of adaptive movement on durability and performance of twisted files. Materials and Methods: Resin blocks simulating artificial J-shape canals were used for this study. In TFC group, TF-adaptive ML-1 (25/.08 size) files were used to prepare the canals under continuous rotation 500 rpm/4.0 Ncm. In TFA group, TF-adaptive ML-1 (25/.08 size) files were used to prepare the canals under adaptive movement. After preparing each artificial canal, TF files were observed under dental microscope for assessing existence of unwinding, distortion, and fracture. If unwinding of flute was observed, the number of artificial canals until unwinding of flute occurs was recorded. Required time until instruments reach working length and distance of unwinded portion of files from D0 were measured. All test results were conducted by Mann-Whitney U test at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: No Ni-Ti instrument's separation was observed. Number of resin blocks until file unwinding happens and working time was significantly high in TFA group compared to TF group. Distance of distortion from D0 didn't show significant difference between TFA, TF groups. Conclusion: The number of resin blocks prepared until unwinding happens and working time were significantly high in TFA group. The location of unwinding showed no significant difference between 2 groups. Adaptive movement increased the number of canals prepared until unwinding occurs and working time of twisted files.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.108 no.1
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2019

With an increasing demand of timber production, the use of heavy machinery in forest management has significantly increased, causing the changes of soil physical properties and the decline of long-term site productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of logging slash (non-slash, slash $7.3kg/m^2$, and slash $11.5kg/m^2$) and machine passes(harvester 1 pass and forwarder 1 to 10 passes) on soil physical properties at 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm soil depths in harvester and forwarder operations and also to estimate the degree of soil surface disturbance. The results indicated that soil bulk density in the non-slash treatment site increased 10 %~29 % (25~139 % in soil penetration resistance) at all soil depths, compared with the slash treatment site(slash $11.5kg/m^2$). Therefore, the creation of a slash mat could be an effective way to minimize the changes of soil physical properties. In addition, 92 % of total soil compaction in slash treatment site was created within harvester 1 pass and forwarder 5 passes. In non-slash treatment site, 84 % of total soil compaction was created within first harvester and forwarder passes. The results showed that slash treatment was effective to reduce soil compaction caused by machine passes and also it is necessary to create designed forwarding trails for minimizing soil compaction area at timber harvesting sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.38-61
• /
• 2019

Up until the early twentieth century in Germany, there were two research trends: 1) emphasizing objectives and making detailed observations of archaeological artifacts and sites, 2) tracing the remains of specific nations or ethnic groups and defining their temporal-spatial boundaries by conducting research on material culture in terms of nationalism or ethnocentrism. After the Second World War ended and Germany was divided, West German archaeology focused on observations of artifacts and sites, cataloging them, and doing research on chronology and distribution following their own traditional methodologies. East German archaeology attempted to prove the developing process of history and its Marxist principles based upon material culture and to examine the historic value of inherent specific cultural heritage based on criteria regarding how it corresponded to socialism and contributed to the development of socialism. Nevertheless, East and West German archaeology shared traditional archaeological methods inherited from German archaeology since the nineteenth century, and contact between archaeologists in West and East Germany continued to a degree. Furthermore, East German archaeology produced significant archaeological achievements acknowledged by West German and European archaeologists. These facts provided the momentum to complete rapid incorporation of the archaeologies of West and East Germany in spite of a one-sided process imposed by West German archaeology. In the case of Korea, it seems necessary to make an effort to share common research history and traditions and to encourage mutual academic exchange (e.g. joint excavation and archaeological research). Furthermore, it is also imperative to have open-minded attitudes toward accepting substantial results and interpretations achieved by North Korean archaeologists under scrutiny when and where necessary, despite seeming to have been fossilized by Marxism and Juche ideology. Any efforts to narrow the gap in archaeological research and conservation of cultural heritage between the archaeologies of South and North Korea should be made immediately. The case of Germany demonstrates how such a project could proceed efficaciously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.428-434
• /
• 2019

Many countries have interested animal welfare. Similarly, domestic people have concern for the welfare from companion animals to livestock. Environmental enrichments (EE) are tool to enforce the welfare, however, research with sows is limited. Therefore, this study was investigate to effects of environmental enrichments on performance and behavior properties of gestating sows. A total of 30 pregnant sows (Landrace) were assigned into three treatments that control, T1 (plastic device) and T2 (Rice straw). Period of trial was from Mar. 03. 18. to Mary 19. 18. The EE were allotted to center of experimental pen ($11.6{\times}6.0m$). Body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF) and cortisol were identified at experimental initial or end date. Behavior was recorded during 24 hours on days 91 of gestation, and then analyzed the patterns. BF was reduced (15.73 vs. 16.56 mm; p>0.05) in T1 than control, but Ending BW, total litter size and alive piglets did not differ. Born dead piglets showed lower tendency (1.00 and 0.63 vs. 1.50 heads; p>0.05) in T1 and T2 than control. Similarly, the enrichments declined farrowing mortality (C, 8.68%; T1, 6.86%; T2, 3.40%; p>0.05). Cortisol was not differed among treatments. In the behavior characteristics, eating showed lower (1.81 vs. 9.68 and 6.99%; p<0.05) in T2 than control and T1. Furthermore, playing or digging were only observed (0.33 and 2.10%; p<0.05) in T1 and T2, respectively, whereas rubbing (0.91%, p<0.05) only showed in the control. These results suggest that the provision of EE would be not negatively affected the performance of the gestating sows and could be led to improvement of the livestock welfare.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the mean fundamental frequency (F0) changes depending on language, task, or language proficiency for Korean-English bilinguals. A total of forty-eight Korean-English speakers (28 balanced bilinguals and 20 Korean dominant bilinguals) participated in the study. Participants were asked to read aloud two types of tasks in English and Korean. For statistical analyses, the language ${\times}$ task two-way repeated ANOVAs were conducted within the balanced bilingual group first, and then group ${\times}$ language two-way mixed ANOVAs. The results showed that the females in both bilingual groups changed their mean F0 depending on the language they used and the tasks (p<.05), whereas no significant results were found in the males in either group under any conditions. The mean fundamental frequency in the Korean reading task was significantly higher than that in the English reading task for females in both balanced and Korean dominant bilingual groups. Thus, changes in mean F0 depending on language and context may reflect gender-specific characteristics, and females seem to be more sensitive to the socio-cultural standards that are imposed on them.