• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

Two Atractylodes species, A. japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (AJ) and A. macrocephala Koidz (AM) were used in this study. AJ population had higher amounts of Sesquiterpenoids and stronger tolerance to root rot but less vigor of root growth than AM population. Two populations (AJ and AM) were crossed to make interspecific hybrid population. A total of 98 lines propagated clonally were selected from a cross of AJ and AM, and evaluated for contents of sesquiterpenoids, atractylon (ATLN) and atractylenolide III (AT3) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and growth characters such as plant height, stem number and root weight. HPLC profiles of the hybrids were compared with those of parent plants, and it demonstrated the production of introgression hybrid by crossing between AJ and AM. Of 98 clonal lines,10 lines were selected by 10% level based on the growth vigor and tolerance to root rot, and AJM2102-51 line showed the heaviest root weight (117.1 g/plant) among them. A total of 98 hybrid lines contained on average $0.16\;{\pm}\;0.10\;mg/g$ of $AT3,\;2.00\;{\pm}\;1.37\;mg/g$ of ATLN, and $2.16\;{\pm}\;1.40\;mg/g$ of total sesquiterpenoids, showing high coefficients of variation (above 65%). Ten lines having high contents of sesquiterpenoids were selected, and AJM2101-15 had the highest amount (9.83 mg/g) of ATLN, and showed 40.8 g/plant of root weight similar to mean value (39.9 g/plant) of hybrid lines. The result showed that the introgression of both characters of vigorous growth from AM and high sesquiterpenoids content from AJ could be possible to make new hybrid lines by crossing between AJ and AM.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 1994

Sex combs which lack in females are characteristic of some members of the subgenus Sophophora When present, they can be van/ from a single blistle to very extensive structures, but the meianogaster subgroup of the subgenus Sophophora have only on the f~rst tarsal segments of the fore legs. D mauritiona among the melanogaster compler of the melar~ogaster subgroup have significantly more sex comb teeth (mean 12.75) than other specie& and the yakubo complex (range of the mean 6.84-758) have less than the melanogaster complex (range of the mean 835-12.75). In sex comb tooth number of interspecd~ch ybrids among the melonogoster complex, there appeared difference u;ith parental species Thus, analysis of male sex comb tooth in FI hybrid could not exhibit the direction of hereditan/ nature. On the other hand, D auraria (the montium subgroup), D suzuki (the suzuki subgroup) and D, lutecens (the takohashii subgroup) of the melanogaster species have two sex combs on the first and second tarsal segments, and the mean number were different according to the species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 1996

Three half-sib families of Betula platyphylla var. japonica had been introduced from Japan and tested for their growth potentiality by comparing with control trees originating from previously introduced and cultivated stands of unknown seed origin. Two of the three introduced family groups from Japan showed superior tree growth in both diameter and height to control one up to the age of four. But only one family group remained superior to the control trees at age six. It appeared from the results that Betula platyphylla var. japonica families, introduced from Japan, can be directly used for the production of planting stocks for commercial planting and/or as parental trees for the production of intra- and interspecific hybrids.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.153-164
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• 1979

A total of 352 specimens of congeneric species of Agkistrodon was collected and morphometric analysis and starch-gel electrophoresis were carried out in order to investigate the taxonomic status of this genus. The results obtained in this study are as follows: Morphometric analysis 1. Three species are recognized based on Gloyd's criteria. There was no specimen that was doubtful to classify correctly. Therefore, it seems that Gloyd's morphological characters are good criteria to identify each species. 2. All three species are sympatric at two localities (Mt. Seolag, Gangwon-do, and Mt. Deogyu, Jeonra-bugdo) and A. caligino년 and A. b. brevicaudus are sympatric at Gwangneung and Mt. Yongmun, Gyonggi-do. No hybrids were found in these sympatric localities. 3. Notable sexual dimorphism was found in meristic characters. 4. A. saxatilis has signicantly more number of ventrals and shorter tail ratio than other two species. 5. There were no significant meristic character differences between A. caligino년 and A. b. brevicaudus. Genetic analysis 1. Among 26 loci investigated, 12 loci (46.1%) were identical in their mobility, 4 loci (15.4%) were nearly identical with minor frequency differences, and 10 loci (38.5%) showed interspecific mobility difference. 2. The average proportion of polymorphic loci was 9.03%. This is considerably less than that of other vertebrates. 3. The average S and D values between species are .695 and .342 respectively. These values indicate that three taxa are distinct species. 4. A. caliginosus is genetically more related to A. saxatilis than to Agkistrodon, namely A. b. brevicaudus, A. caligino년 and A. saxatilis, as proposed by Gloyd. Far from being mere morphological variants, as suggested by Kang and Yoon (1975), they are highly distinctive evolutionary units.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2011

Bisphenol A (BPA) is mainly used in the production of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics, which is a known endocrine disruptor and acutely toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, estrogenic effect of BPA was investigated on hybrid between Oryzias dancena and O. javanicus (ODJ). ODJ were exposed to BPA of various concentrations (eg. 2.5 mg/L, 5.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L) for 56 days. The growth rate, abnormality and the ratio of female and male were observed in test group and control group. As a result, the growth was $14.7{\pm}2.0$ mm in total length (TL) in 2.5 mg/L, $13.7{\pm}2.5$ mm in 5.0 mg/L, $12.8{\pm}2.5$ mm in 10.0 mg/L in test group while it was $18.0{\pm}1.2$ mm in TL in control group which was not treated with bisphenol A. The result showed that the growth decreased as the concentration of BPA increased. The abnormality rate was 13.6% in control group, 65.4% in 2.5 mg/L, 81.3% in 5.0 mg/L and 98.1 % in 10.0 mg/L which showed increase in abnormality as an increase of BPA concentration. As a result of analyzing ratio of sex in the test group and control group, 6.0% was examined to be interspecific in controls, 76.9% in 2.5 mg/L and 100.0% in 5.0 mg/L and 10.0 mg/L. In conclusion, these results suggest that BPA has estrogenic effect on ODJ.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.279-284
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• 2009

In order to recover fertility from sterile interspecific OA-1 $F_1$ hybrid (Oriental hybrid 'Mero Star' ${\times}$ Asiatic hybrid 'Connecticut King'), various concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%) of caffeine were injected directly into flower buds and then confirmed the viability of OA-1 $F_1$ hybrid at the flowering time. After the caffeine treatment, fertilized $F_1$ hybrids were crossed as female with Asiatic hybrid 'Lanzarote' as male. Five plantlets were obtained from seven embryos of 16 pollinated flowers at 0.3% treatment of caffeine while 0.5% treatment of caffeine obtained one plant let and 0.1 % treatment of caffeine plantlet did not produce at all. Thus 0.3% of caffeine treatment was considered as optimum concentration to produce subsequent progenies and the OA-l $F_1$ hybrid treated with caffeine produced 51% of putative 2n gametes. Pollen germination of OA-2 ('Romero Star' ${\times}$ 'Lady Rosa') and OA-3 ('Expression' ${\times}$ 'Lady Rosa') was not differ between temperature treatment alone and in combination with caffeine and temperature treatment. In the reciprocal crosses of OA-1 and Asiatic hybrid 'Lanzarote' or Oriental hybrid 'Sorbonne', A ('Lanzarote') ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ A crosses showed better results than O ('Sorbonne') ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ a crosses in plant obtaining. All progenies obtained from A ${\times}$ OA-1 or OA-1 ${\times}$ A crosses were confirmed as triploids by GISH analysis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.466-472
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• 2016

This study analyzed the genetic diversity of 115 pear germplasms using 15 SSR markers. Three to forty-one SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 16 alleles per locus. The average availability of markers was 0.966. The average observed heterozygosity ($H_{obs}$) was 0.603 (range: 0.140 to 0.929). The average expected heterozygosity ($H_{exp}$) was 0.718 (range: 0.463 to 0.904). The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.692 (range: 0.403 to 0.897). The genetic relationships of pear germplasms were classified into two major groups by geographic origins and genetic characteristics according to genetic distance. The first group was composed of European pear belonging to Pyrus communis. The second group consisted of P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis, P. bretschneideri, P. betulaefolia, P. calleryana, interspecific hybrids, and unclear germplasms. The results of this study suggest that genotype analysis of pear germplasms using SSR markers can identify the genetic diversity of germplasms, and can be used to provide basic information for pear breeding.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

This study was carried out to confirm the chromosome constitution and homoeologous recombination of progenies derived from various cross combination using tetraploid OA interspecific hybrid originated from mitotic chromosome doubling. Based on the chromosome analysis of progenies crossed reciprocally, there were only triploid progenies when crossed with diploid Asiatics as male or female parent. While only tetraploid progenies were produced when crossed tetraploid Asiatics or tetraploid OA hybrid with tetraploid OA hybrid, respectively. However, two types of progenies, that is, diploid and triploid plants, were produced from cross combinations between diploid Oriental hybrid and tetraploid OA hybrid. From the GISH analysis of OA hybrid, it was confirmed that diploid $F_1$ OA hybrid was consisted of 24 chromosomes (12 Oriental and 12 Asiatics) showing authentic OA hybrid. On the other hand, it was notified that triploid plants (3x=36) were consisted of 24 Asiatics lily chromosomes and 12 Oriental lily chromosomes by analysis of backcross progenies derived from either $A{\times}OA$ or $OA{\times}A$ crosses. In cross between tetraploid OA and OA, all the progenies were tetraploid with equal number of chromosomes without any homoeologous recombination, i.e. each 24 chromosomes of Oriental and Asiatics. In 2x-4x ($O{\times}OA$) cross combination, some progenies had 2x=24 chromosomes originated from only Oriental hybrid, and other progenies had 3x=36 chromosomes derived from 24 chromosomes of Oriental hybrid and 12 chromosomes of Asiatic hybrid. Only tetraploid Asiatics chromosomes without any Oriental one were produced in all the progenies from 4x-4x ($AA{\times}OA$) cross combination.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.444-450
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• 2009

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker was utilized for evaluation of genetic diversity of 60 pear germplasms. Twenty selective AFLP primer pairs generated a total of 522 polymorphic amplification products. From UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average) cluster analysis by using polymorphic bands, the pear germplasms were divided into four clusters by similarity index of 0.691. The first cluster (I) included European pears belonging to Pyrus communis and wild species such as P. nivalis and P. cordata. The second cluster (II) included Ussurian pea pears belonging to P. betulaefolia and P. fauriei. The third cluster (III) included pea pears belonging to P. calleryana and P. koehnei. Most of germplasms belonging to P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis, and interspecific hybrids were included in the fourth (IV) cluster. Therefore pear germplasms originated from East Asia were closely related to P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis. Similarity values among the tested pear germplasms ranged from 0.584 to 0.879, and the average similarity value was 0.686.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.790-799
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• 1997

Aegilops genus is known to include the donor species of the Band D genome of the bread wheat(ABD). An effort to establish a better strategy for phylogenetic relationships about Aegilops polyploids by AFLPs(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) was conducted using the 19 Aegilops sPP. and T. aestivum. The 207 polymorphic bands from the amplified products on the 6% acrylamide denaturing sequencing gels were obtained with the 7 AFLP primer combinations, and used to account for the genetic similarities and cluster analysis using NTSYS program. According to the genome analysis, the $M^h$-genome of Ae. heldreichii was estimated as an intermediate genome between the M-genome of Ae. comosa and N-genome of Ae. uniaristata and supposed to be incorporated in the establishing process of UM-genome as a possible diploid donor. And Ae. ventricosa(DN) was more close to Ae. umbellulata(U) than Ae. squarrosa(D). The close relationship between Ae. squarrosa and T. aestivum was perceived as a diploid donor of D-genome. As for the polyploid species, hexaploid Ae. triaristata was more closely related to Ae. columnaris rather than tetraploid Ae. triaristata. The clustered groups were, basically same to the previous Gihara's sections based on phenotypes and pairing analysis of interspecific hybrids. AFLP was evaluated as an efficient and powerful method in the genome evaluation of closely related species.