• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2017

In the construction of subsea oil and gas developments, it is increasingly common that subsea oil and gas equipment will be installed in subsea well before final hookup and production. Installation of wellheads, subsea hardware, pipelines, and surface facilities (platforms, FPSO, FLNG, connected terminals, or gas plants) are increasingly driven by independent cost and vessel availability schedules; this gives rise to requirements that the subsea facilities must be stored in the seabed for a specific time. In addition, schedule delays, particularly in the installation or startup of the connected platform, FPSO, FLNG, or onshore plant may cause unexpected extensions of the intended storage period. Currently, there are two methods commonly used for storage subsea facilities in the seabed: dry parking and wet parking. Each method has its own risks, challenges, and implications for the facility life and its integrity. The corrosion management and preservation method selection is a crucial factor to be considered in choosing the appropriate storage method and achieving a successful seabed storage. An overview of those factors is presented, along with a discussion on the internal corrosion threats and assessments.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.127-135
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• 2018

PURPOSES : Traffic cameras have been installed to reduce traffic accidents. The effectiveness of traffic cameras has been proved by dozens of studies, but recently questions over its effectiveness have been raised by a series of studies. In this study, the effectiveness of traffic cameras was analyzed with a focus on different road environments. METHODS : The effectiveness of the traffic cameras was analyzed by extracting the occurence frequency before and after camera installation. The effect of reduction was analyzed comprehensively considering the installation position, monitoring direction, and surrounding environment of traffic cameras. RESULTS : The result of this study is as follows. First, the installation of cameras in an area with relatively low accidental traffic was more effective. Secondly, the effect of camera installation on car-to-pedestrian collisions was better than that of car-to-car collisions. Thirdly, accidents tended to occur more frequently when cameras were installed in front of the accident-prone owing to the negative spill-over effect. CONCLUSIONS : The result can be used to guide placement of traffic cameras. Moreover, the installation of cameras with consideration of the road environment is expected to contribute to a reduction in traffic fatalities.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.52-60
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• 2015

The objective of this research lies in the effect of installation parameters influencing on the wind proof performance of the coastal forest for damage prevention. The dissipation ratio of incident wind power is developed as an assessment index to make a lumped parameter study possible. From the real field data of East, West, and South Sea bounded on the Korean peninsula, single and double storied forests were modeled in three-dimensional shape with computer aided design, and so was done the artificial structures such as wind break, sand accumulating fence, and sand dune, etc With a commercial code ANSYS-CFX, the computational result from the comparison of dissipation ratio between single and double storied forest shows the effect of composition, and also the installation effect is investigated for artificial structures with optimal dimension of distance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate safety and dangerous awareness of environment on walking trails. For this purpose, questionnaire survey are carried out by people who had experience using walking trails during 2016. It is evaluated that environments of walking trails located inside big cities are inferior than ones located in small and medium-sized cities and countryside in air pollution, bed smell, water pollution, noise, and waste. Needs about management and number installed public restroom are high for hygienic environment of walking trails. With waste treatment, users of 2.4 percentage are showed improper behavior that they left their rubbish at the place out of view but others bring their trash. Accident likelihood is highly appreciated and possibility of physical accident like slipping is showed at the highest. The reasons of accident on walking trails are responded with carelessness of walkers and improper of installation or management of safety facility at the most. For safety environment of walking trails, needs of installation of safety fences and notices of dangerous area are requested. In order to separate prevention from paths of walking trails, signposts are needed at visual clearness, maintenance, installation with proper interval and location, and correct contents. Respondents of 2.4 percentage have experiences of accident on walking trails and physical accident like slipping is occurred at the most.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.93-107
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• 1999

We consider the development of an integer programming model and algorithm for the ATM switching node location problem. There are two kinds of facilities, hub facilities and remote facilities, with different capacities and installation costs. Each customer needs to be connected to one or more hub facilities via remote facilities, where the hub(remote) facilities need to be installed at the same candidate installation site of hub(remote) facility. We are given a set of customers with each demand requirements, a set of candidate installation sites of facilities, and connection costs between facilities, We need to determine the locations to place facilities, the number of facilities for each selected location, the set of customers who are connected to each installed hub facilities via installed remote facilities with minimum costs, while satisfying demand requirements of each customer. We formulate this problem as a general integer programming problem and solve it to optimality. In this paper, we develop a branch-and-cut algorithm with path variables. In the algorithm, we consider the integer knapsack polytope and derive valid inequalities. Computational experiments show that the algorithm works well in the real world situation. The results of this research can be used to develop optimization algorithms to solve capacitated facility location problems.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2013

In this study, the heat flow analysis compatible commercial code CFX 11 was used to develop the structure inside PCB circuit board devices, which could stable radiant heat as well as the cooling device within it. In case of modifying the arrangement of electronic parts on the PCB inside the multi channel temperature measurement board devices, radiant heat effects did not show a rising tendency, whereas the overall temperature went down in case of installing the vents in the outer case of PCB circuit board devices. In terms of installation location, it was the most appropriate to install it on the electronic parts with no heat. Besides, in case of mounting the fan as a cooling device by considering various user environments for multi channel temperature measurement board devices, the radiant heat effects were shown higher than in case of installing the vents, and the middle sections were the most appropriate to its installation location. In case of changing the wind quantity of the fan from its selected installation location, the best radiant heat effects were shown at high speed as expected.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

In this study, FDS fire simulation experiments and measured wind speed by applying the exterior installation portion for blocking the spread of the fire was investigated. As a result, aluminum composite panels installed in the lower and the upper part of the panel to remove all the lower side, and then the maximum wind speed 0.24 m/s and the upper side 0.58 m/s were measured. In the FDS, the measured wind speed difference air currents are approximately 3.7 times in 12 seconds, the occurrence of 17 seconds early moment wind 2.2 m/s was measured from. Before and after the fire occurred in early of the air velocity about 39 seconds was 3.5 times difference. Such air currents caused by the temperature of the building but also by the building height was found. Turbulent flame of fire by expanding the vertical extent of damage become greatly important factor. Therefore, through the exterior installation portion of the block that can delay the spread of fire is expected that this should be taken.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

This study analyzed the fire status of a rubber product manufacturing factory based on 19 years of fire data. Through the analysis of the current state of fire, electrical fires accounted for 58.19%, and among electrical fires, motor fires were the highest at 26.21%. For the motor fire occurrence process, the curing process accounted for the highest rate of 51.9%. Therefore, the installation environment was investigated for the motor in the curing process, and it was confirmed that the motor's maximum ambient temperature exceeded 40℃. In particular, in the case of the motor for curing operation, the motor was installed in a separate motor room, so the average indoor temperature was 48.10℃ and the motor frame's maximum temperature was 72.80℃. In this study, the risk of motor fire was confirmed through a field survey, and a safety management plan was derived by finding a process with high fire risk and conducting an experiment on the motor's installation environment and electrical characteristics in that process.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose measures to increase evacuation safety by calculating the habitable time using a fire and evacuation simulation program for the Room-escape cafe currently in operation, and comparing and analyzing it with the evacuation required time. Assuming a fire due to overheating of electric heaters in use in front of the warehouse, the habitable time was calculated through fire simulation, and the occupant's evacuation time calculated through evacuation simulation according installation of safety facilities, etc. was compared and analyzed with the habitable time. In the case of escape room cafes with safety facilities installed, evacuation safety was satisfied, but in escape room cafes without safety facilities, the evacuation safety was not secure. As a result of analyzing evacuation safety for each scenario based on the ASET analyzed in the fire simulation, it was found that in scenario 1, evacuation safety was secured and everyone successfully evacuated, while in scenario 2, no one succeeded in evacuation. These results can be said to confirm that the installation of safety facilities is very important in business establishments such as escape room cafes, which become enclosed structures when games are started.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2008

One of the basic requirements for the most advanced countries would be the well-planned traffic infrastructures. For such traffic safety systems, foreign countries follow the current tendency to which they manage the traffic facilities and equipments based on the objective assessment for the state of every traffic safety facility in terms of Asset Management(AM). As the road safety facilities related among them are very diverse, and their functions are very important as well, the regulations and directions for installing them are enacted. However, despite the standards and directions for the installations, sometimes, the facilities are not installed in accordance with the standards, not only causing inconvenience to the users but also negatively affecting the safety for them. In the study, for the facilities in which the installation interval and height are standardized according to the designed speed and geometrical structure of the road among the various road safety facilities, the image analysis model capable of measuring them with a line scanning camera was developed. In addition, the program systematically analyzing this was also developed and applied to the field and, as the result of that, the size and installation interval of the facilities could be measured fast and accurately.