• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Nanotechnology has become one of the fastest developing technologies and recently applied to a variety of industries. Thus, increasing number of nano materials including various nanoparticles would be discharged into wastewater and consequently entering a biological wastewater treatment process. However, the impact of the nano particles on biological wastewater treatment has not been estimated intensively. In this research, we investigated the effect of silica nanoparticle on the oxygen uptake rates (OURs) of activated sludge used in a conventional wastewater treatment process. The inhibition (%) values were estimated from the results of OURs experiments for the silica nanoparticles with various sizes of 10-15, 45-50, and 70-100 nm and concentrations of 50, 250, and 500 ppm. As results, the inhibition value was increased as the size of silica nano particles decreased and the injected concentration increased. The maximum inhibition value was investigated as 37.4 % for the silica nanoparticles with the size of 45-50 nm and concentration of 50 ppm. Additionally, the effect of size and concentration on the inhibition should be considered cautiously in case that the aggregation of particles occurred seriously so that the size of individual particles was increased in aquatic solution.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.134-140
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of zinc oxide eugenol(ZOE), zinc phosphate cement(ZPC), glass ionomer cement, resin, and Vitapex to S. muntans, S. sanguis, S. fecalis and E. coli by agar diffusion method. Four wells were punctured in mitis-salivarius agar plate per each group and each wells were filled with restorative matetials. The width of inhibition zones produced in mitis - salivarius agar were measured as the parameter of the antibacterial effect after 16 hours and 40 hours. In S. mutans and S. sanguis, the largest inhibition zone was produced on ZOE, followed by glass ionomer cement, and ZPC. Inhibition zones was not observed in resin and Vitapex. In S. fecalis, ZOE and glass ionomer cement showed wider inhibition zone than ZPC. In E. coli, ZOE showed wider inhibition zone than ZPC, but no inhibition zone was observed on glass ionomer cement.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.97-113
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of young children's behavioral inhibition on self-determination, examining the sequential mediating effects of mothers' parenting anxiety and autonomy support. Methods: Participants in this study were 225 mothers with children aged 6 years. An online survey was conducted, and SPSS Statistics 23.0 was used for basic analysis. The research model used the Process Macro 4.0 program. Results: The higher the level of behavioral inhibition, the lower the child's self-determination. Furthermore, a mediating effect was confirmed when parenting anxiety was added. However, in the single mediation model and the sequential mediation model in which autonomy support was added, the direct effects of behavioral inhibition temperament and parenting anxiety on self-determination disappeared. As a result, behavioral inhibition characteristics were found to have an indirect effect on self-determination through the sequential mediating effects of mother's parenting anxiety and autonomy support. Conclusion/Implications: If a mother with a child with a behaviorally inhibited temperament properly handles the negative emotions experienced during parenting based on her understanding of the child and supports the child to have a high degree of autonomy, she can enhance the child's right to self-determination.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.604-609
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• 2012

기능성화장품 소재로 사용하기 위한 후코이단의 특성 및 후코이단 분자량의 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 후코이단은 미역 포자엽에서 추출하였고 접촉글로우방전 전기분해(CGDE)방법에 의해 후코이단 분자량(35~160 kDa)을 조절하였다. 후코이단의 tyrosinase inhibition, 보습력, elastase 활성저해 효과와 항산화력(DPPH assay, radical scavenging)을 측정하여 화장품으로서 가능성을 확인하였다. 후코이단의 보습력은 최고의 보습제 중의 하나인 히아루론산의 보습력보다 높았고, 분자량이 감소함에 따라 보습력이 약간 증가하였다. 주름개선 효과실험인 elastase 활성저해 효과 실험결과 표준 비교물질인 adenosine 보다 높은 elastase 활성저해 효과를 보였다. 최고의 tyrosinase 저해효과, elastase 활성저해 효과, 항산화력(DPPH assay, radical scavenging)을 갖는 후코이단의 분자량은 100 kDa이었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1993

Bioactivity of the extract from various processed garlic was evaluated based on the inhibition of lipoxygenase(LPO), and the effect of some stabilizers on the bioactivity was investigated. Water, ethanol or chloroform extract of 30 min boiled garlic showed 75%, 76% or 70% inhibition, respectively, compared to extracts of fresh garlic. In pickled garlic, LPO inhibition decreased gradually during storage. Chloroform extract of 40 day-stored pickled garlic inhibited LPO by 77%, and even on 60th day storage it still retained inhibitory effect of 73%, compared to that of fresh garlic. Meanwhile, the powdered (freeze-dried) garlic showed more bioactivity(80%) than the other processed garlics, and moreover, the jrreversible/unstable components seem to be stabilized by freeze-drying. The optimum pH for stabilization of bioactive components in garlic macerate was pH 3 for 48 hr incubation and pH 11 for 6 hr incubation. In addition, the effect of NaCl was not so great, although but maximal stabilization was observed at 150 mM. Stabilizing effect of $\alpha$-tocopherol was markedly great, and at 6mM it showed 308% stabilizing effect after 48hr incubation. More stabilizing effect was observed at lower concentrations of ascorbic acid($\leq$0.6mM) than higher concentrations. The stabilizing effect of soybean oil was found to be remarkable only during initial period(6 hr) of incubation.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2016

In this work, synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of nitrite and 3 kinds of ethanolamines on ductile cast iron using chemical and electrochemical methods was evaluated. This work attempts to clarify the synergistic effect of nitrite and ethanolamines. The effects of single addition of TEA, DEA, and MEA, and mixed addition of nitrite plus TEA, DEA or MEA on the corrosion inhibition of ductile cast iron in a tap water were evaluated. A huge amount of single addition of ethanolamine was needed. However, the synergistic effect by mixed addition was observed regardless of the combination of nitrite and triethanolamines, but their effects increased in a series of MEA + nitrite > DEA + nitrite > TEA + nitrite. This tendency of synergistic effect was attributed to the film properties and polar effect; TEA addition couldn't form the film showing high film resistance and semiconductive properties, but DEA or MEA could build the film having relatively high film resistance and n-type semiconductive properties. Moreover, it can be explained that this behaviour was closely related to electron attractive group within the ethanolamines, and thus corrosion inhibition power depends upon the number of the electron attractive group of MEA, DEA, and TEA.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2001

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Scutellaria balicalensis Georgi (SbG) extract exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced alterations in organic cation transport in the renal proximal tubule. Methods : Organic cation transport was estimated by examining alterations in tetraethylammon - ium(TEA) uptake in rabbit renal cortical slices. The slices were treated with 0.2 mM tBHP for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$. tBHP caused an inhibition in TEA uptake by renal cortical slices. Such an effect was accompanied by depressed Na+-K+-ATPase activity and ATP depletion. tBHP also induced a significant increase in LDH release. Results : SbG prevented tBHP-induced inhibition of TEA uptake in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration ranges of 0.05-0.1%. tBHP-induced inhibition of Na+-K+-ATPase activity and ATP depletion were significantly prevented by 0.05% SbG. tBHP-induced LDH release also was blocked by SbG. tBHP caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and its effect was prevented by SbG. Conclusion : These results suggest that SbG prevents oxidant-induced alterations in organic cation transport in rabbit renal cortical slices. Such protective effects of SbG may be attributed to inhibition of peroxidation of membrane lipid.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2016

Purpose: Muscle imbalance around the knee region, especially quadriceps imbalance, is considered one of the main contributing factors to the development and progression of knee dysfunction based on the changes observed via electromyography (EMG). This study aimed to investigate the effect of vastus lateralis (VL) inhibition taping using non-elastic tape on the EMG activity of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and VL during isometric knee extension. Method: Thirty-three healthy young adults (11 males and 22 females) were recruited. With and without VL inhibition taping, the participants performed isometric knee extension in the sitting position for a total of 7 seconds. Result: VMO/VL EMG ratio significantly increased after VL inhibition taping (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that VL inhibition taping may contribute to VL inhibition and may help improve VMO/VL ratio in young adults. We expect VL inhibition taping to be useful in individuals with greater VL than VMO activity

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

초미세 분쇄를 하였을 때 입자가 작아질수록 추출수율이 높아져 약 2.5배 높은 추출수율을 나타내었다. 일반 분쇄한 시료 추출물에서 69.8%의 전자공여능 억제효과가 관찰되었고, 미세분쇄와 초미세분쇄 추출물에서는 각각 70.7과 83.8%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 일반분쇄 추출물과 미세분쇄 및 초미세분쇄 후 추출물 모두 97% 이상의 높은 ABTS 억제효과를 나타내어 분쇄 방법에 따른 항산화력의 차이는 거의 없었다. 일반 분쇄한 시료 추출물 보다 미세분쇄와 초미세분쇄 추출물에서 더 높은 PF값을 확인하였으며, 50% ethanol 초미세분쇄 추출물에서 1.8 PF로 가장 높은 항산화력을 나타내었다. 미세분쇄와 초미세분쇄 추출물에서는 일반분쇄 추출물에 비해 입자크기가 작아질수록 TBARS 억제율이 높아지며, 물 추출물보다 ethanol 추출물의 효과가 더 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. Xanthin oxidase 저해의 경우 초미세분쇄 후 효소억제 증대 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. Angiotensin converting enzyme 억제활성은 일반분쇄 추출의 경우 물 추출물에서는 억제활성이 나타나지 않았고, 50% ethanol 추출물에서 24%의 억제율이 확인되었다. 또한, ethanol 추출물의 억제효과가 물 추출물에 비해 상대적으로 우수하였다. 50% ethanol 초미세분쇄 추출물에서 Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli에 대해서 아주 약한 항균효과를 나타내었을 뿐 나머지 추출물에서의 항균효과는 거의 관찰되지 않았다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 1997

The growth inhibition effect of Orally administrated yogurt ACE and Metchnikoffupon E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium inoculated into gastric lumen of rabbits was in vestigated. The rabbits challenged with each 1 $m\ell$ of suspension containing 108 CFU/$m\ell$ of the pathogens were divided into 4 groups by the interval of yogurt administration: A group; preadministrated 7 days before inoculation of the pathogens and fed daily; B group; administrated daily after inocjlation of the pathogens, C group; administrated every 3 days after inoculation of the pathogens; Control group, not fed after inoculation of the pathogens. Each 3 $m\ell$ of yogurt containing 109 CFU/$m\ell$ was orally administrated into rabbits. All yogurt administrated groups (A, B, c) chowed growth ingibition effect on E. coli O157:H7 in one day after inoculation of the pathogen by the level of 0.8~1.0 log CFU/g, compared with the result differences between the control group and the yogurt administrated groups. In the control group after 5 days of inoculation, the number of colonized pathogens was 105~106 CFU/g, whereas 103~104 CFU/g was detected in the yogurt administrated groups. After 10 days of inoculation, the viable pathogen number per gram (g) of the rabbit feces was 103 CFU/g in the control group, whereas the number below 101 CFU/g was detected in the group A, and 102 CFU/g in the control group, B and C. The growth inhibition effect of yogurt administration on E. coli O157:H7 was highly increased in the order of A, B, and C group. The same effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the level of 2 log CFU/g in the Metchnikoff yogurt administrated groups, compared with the control group result in one day after inoculation of the pathogen. In 7 days after inoculation of the pathogen, the viable number was increasingly decreased, and finally after 15 days no viable cell of S. typhimurium was discharged into the fecal samples in the group A, and the mean level of 10* CFU/g was detected in the group B, but there was no growth inhibition effect in the group C. The growth inhibition effect on S. typhimurium was observed at the same level of viable cell number between the yogurt ACE administrated groups and the control group in 5 days after inoculation. But, after 10 days of inoclation the viable cell number was started to decrease, and the viable cell of S. typhimurium was not discharged from rabbit intestinal contents after 15 days of inoculation in the yogurt ACE administrated groups. In such a case that yogurt was administrated in order to prevent the pathogens, pre-administration on a daily basis one week before inoculation of the pathogens exerted considerable effect in growth inhibition. In comparison with two kinds of yogurt tested in this study, the growth inhibition effect on two kinds of pathogens was observed more highly in the Metchnikoff administated group than the ACE administrated group.