• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.55-83
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• 2012

Self-employment rate is high in Korean labor market, while the income gap within self-employed is also high. Although, there are very few studies that addressed on the income inequality of self-employed. Thus, this study has measured the earnings inequality of self-employed by generalized entropy indices and decomposed inequality factor and trend. The empirical study is based on Korea Welfare Panel Study wave 1~4. The main result from this analysis is summarized in three points. Firstly, earnings inequality of self-employed is severely high and the earnings polarization within self-employed has become more serious in Korea. Secondly, this study provides the evidence that the main factor of earnings inequality of self-employed is the status of self-employment, education level, age group, workplace scale and industry. Thirdly, the contribution of relative changes in the incomes of the status of self-employment is the largest to the inequality trend. In terms of education level, age group and industry, the increase of inequality within group(pure effect) mainly attributes to the rise of earnings inequality of self-employed and the change effect of group composition contributes to deterioration of inequality.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.103-138
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is: (1) to compare the awareness of inequality concept between Korea and other countries using the survey, (2) to identify whether several inequality measures, which have diverse concepts, are different in empirical aspect, and (3) to suggest the direction for the income distribution policy in Korea. The results of the survey has shown a surprising fact in that the majority of respondents do not agree with the basic assumptions outlined by Gini coefficient, which is the relative inequality measures that had been generally accepted in the past. These results are very similar to those of other countries. However, the major difference with other countries is that the Koreans feel that absolute income inequality-the income gap between the poor and rich, has increased more than relative income inequality, when all incomes of social members are doubled. From the result it is difficult to say that the bi-polarization index is different from Gini coefficient in statistical aspect although it has different theoretical background. The national development strategy should seek to promote "the pro-poor growth" since the change of inequality affect differently on the change of growth and inequality depending on whether the inequality change is relative or absolute.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.36-57
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• 2010

The degree of income inequality deepened by health care expenditure was useful in assessing the health security level. This exploratory study was conducted to provide a basic evidence to prove the necessity of reinforcement the benefit coverage of South Korea's health security systems. Data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea and Luxembourg Income Study were used. Income inequality indices before and after deduction of health care expenditure were computed, and the degree of the increase in the indices was compared among 13 countries. The degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was determined. The relationships between the national characteristics and the increase in income inequality were examined. In South Korea, all income inequality indices increased after deducting health care expenditure, but the difference was not high compared to the mean of 13 countries. However, the degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was high, compared to the mean of 13 countries. The proportion of public sector spending on health care proved to be statistically significant with the increase of income inequality indices (p<0.05). In the context of the continuous increase in health care expenditure, if benefit coverage of health security systems is not reinforced, income inequality will all the more increase due to health care expenditure. In the establishment of the policies for reinforcement of the benefit coverage, income inequality after deduction of health care expenditure should be continuously monitored.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 2017

In this paper, we established a general nonconvex split variational inequality problem, this is, an extension of general convex split variational inequality problems in two different Hilbert spaces. By using the concepts of prox-regularity, we proved the convergence of the iterative schemes for the general nonconvex split variational inequality problems. Further, we also discussed the iterative method for the general convex split variational inequality problems.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-130
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• 2001

Using the 1996 Expenditure Survey of Urban Famines from the Korea National Statistics Office, this study examines the economic status and the inequality of the elderly households. To explain the inequality of the single elderly households, this study divides the elderly into three groups of single, couple, and Living with admit children, and compares the total household income, total household expenditure and the net saving amount of these three groups. The results of Gini coefficients and Lorenz curries show that the inequality is higher in the single elderly household than couple elderly households or living with adult children elderly households. To investigate the reason of the inequality, this study compares the income, expenditure, and net saving amount by working condition of the household head in each three group. The result implies the need of employment to get household income especially for the single elderly who are in the higher inequality economic condition.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.465-477
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• 2013

In this paper, two different methods of proving Jensen's inequality on time scales for superquadratic functions are demonstrated. Some refinements of classical inequalities on time scales are obtained using properties of superquadratic functions and some known results for isotonic linear functionals.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2021

In this paper, improved power-mean integral inequality, which provides a better approach than power-mean integral inequality, is proved. Using Hölder-İşcan integral inequality and improved power-mean integral inequality, some inequalities of Hadamard's type for functions whose derivatives in absolute value at certain power are quasi-convex are given. In addition, the results obtained are compared with the previous ones. Then, it is shown that the results obtained together with identity are better than those previously obtained.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2018

Hardy's inequality is refined non-trivially as the form $${\int_{0}^{{\infty}}}\{{\frac{1}{x}}{\int_{0}^{x}}f(t)dt\}^pdx{\leq}Q_f{\times}({\frac{p}{p-1}})^p{\int_{0}^{x}}f^p(x)dx$$ for some $Q_f:0{\leq}Q_f{\leq}1$. $P{\acute{o}}lya$-Knopp's inequality is also refined by the similar form.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.10
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• pp.1349-1353
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• 2013

The optimal analysis has objective functions, equality constraint functions and inequality functions. Objective functions may be used with inequality function, because occasionally variables are moved to non-analytic condition with calculating objective functions. But inequality constraint functions are very complicated problem in a optimal analysis. this paper suggest a method to solve inequality constraint functions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.377-388
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• 2002

In this paper, we obtain an extension of an analogue of Hilbert's inequality involving series of nonnegative terms. The integral analogies of the main results are also given.