• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1983

The present study was conducted to clarify the presence or absence of isohemagglutinin and isohemolysin and, if present, to classify blood types in the Formosan deer. It was found that, though the titers were relatively low, isohemagglutinin and isohemolysin were present in the deer sera. Results obtained before and after heat treatment of the deer sera at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes were variable, some stable and some unstable to the treatment and still some showing the activities only after the heat treatment. Rabbits, when immunized with deer blood cells, responded with very high titers both in agglutination and hemolysis tests and the activities were not inactivated by the treatment of the immune sera at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Using four rabbit immune sera to different deer blood cells following blood types were recognized among 30 heads of deer; 1. by hemagglutination test A : positive to all four immune sere (13 heads). B : positive to the immune sera of 7BS and 8BS but negative to those of 1BS and 3BS (8 heads). C : positive to the sera of 3BS, 7BS and 8BS but negative to that of 1BS (9 heads). 2. by hemolysis test A : positive to all four immune sera (24 heads). B : positive to the immune sera of 7BS and 8BS but negative to those of 1BS and 3BS (3 heads). C : positive to the sera of 3BS, 7BS and 8BS but negative to that of 1BS (3 heads).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2022

The present study aimed to determine whether a hemolymph prepared from Antheraea yamamai larvae had the same biological activities using a Bombyx mori hemolymph prior to exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to induce an inflammatory response. The effects of the hemolymph were determined using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. The A. yamamai hemolymph exerted anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-activated human monocytic leukemia cells via Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated suppression, similar to the B. mori hemocyte extract. Treatment with the A. yamamai hemolymph significantly suppressed LPS-induced upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression at all tested concentrations compared with the control, similar to the B. mori immune-challenged hemolymph. Finally, the A. yamamai hemolymph, like the B. mori immune-challenged hemolymph, suppressed all of these concentrations in a dose-independent manner. These results demonstrate that the hemolymph of A. yamamai exhibited important biologically active substances. Further in-depth functional studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of wild-type silkworm hemolymphs.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 소양인, 태음인 그리고 소음인 지원자의 혈액으로부터 분리한 면역세포에서 한국, 일본 및 미국에서 재배한 생마늘(RG)과 증숙마늘(SG) 70% 에탄올추출물에 대한 면역활성과 항산화능을 탐색하였다. 70% 생마늘 추출물(RGE)은 세포 증식율, NO와 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생성능이 소음인에 가장 높았고, 태음인과 소양인 순으로 나타났다. 반면에, 증숙마늘 추출물(SGE)은 각 개인별 체질에 영향을 미치지 않으면서 생마늘 추출물보다 면역활성이 더 높았다. 뿐만 아니라 국가별로 재배한 생마늘 및 증숙마늘의 면역효능은 나라별로 차이가 있었으며 한국산이 가장 높은 면역활성을 나타내었고 일본산, 미국산 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 항산화 효능에서도 유사한 경향을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Panax ginseng Meyer, belonging to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae, is known for its human immune system-related effects, such as immune-boosting effects. Ginseng polysaccharides (GPs) are the responsible ingredient of ginseng in immunomodulation, and are classified as acidic and neutral GPs. Although GPs participate in various immune reactions including the stimulation of immune cells and production of cytokines, the precise function of GPs together with its potential receptor(s) and their signal transduction pathways have remained largely unknown. Animal lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar moieties. Among many different biological functions in vivo, animal lectins especially play important roles in the immune system by recognizing carbohydrates that are found exclusively on pathogens or that are inaccessible on host cells. This review summarizes the immunological activities of GPs and the diverse roles of animal lectins in the immune system, suggesting the possibility of animal lectins as the potential receptor candidates of GPs and giving insights into the development of GPs as therapeutic biomaterials for many immunological diseases.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2023

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZJM), a traditional folk medicine and functional food in South Korea and China, has been reported to having pharmacological activities against anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, and anti-obesity. However, the effect of ZJM related to myoblast differentiation has not been known. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of ZJM on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. ZJM promotes myogenic differentiation and elevates the formation of multinucleated myotube compared to the control group. ZJM significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of MyHC1, myogenin and MyoD in dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, ZJM significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of protein degradation markers, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, in dose- and time-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that ZJM is a potential functional candidate for muscle growth and strength by promoting myogenic differentiation.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of several types of bibimbab (a Korean traditional meal of mixed rice with assorted vegetables), on various immune activities. Compared to control animals in a mouse model (given hamburgers), the oral administration of a portion of bibimbab containing wild plants significantly increased splenic B/T, thymic Th lymphocyte subpopulations, serum IFN-${\gamma}$ production, and enhanced hemagglutination titers up to 300%. Also, a consumption of mushroom-bulgogi bibimbab and Jeonju-style bibimbab markedly decreased compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis (immediate hypersensitivity), while bibimbab with wild plants inhibited SRBC-induced delayed type hypersensitivity. These results suggest that bibimbab with wild plants both up-regulate on immune activities and have anti-allergenic properties.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2010

A marine alga, Spirulina maxima, was extracted under high pressure and low temperature conditions at 500 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ for 5 and 10 min. A high pressure of 500 MPa was applied to improve process yields because of low temperature extraction. This method resulted in highest higher extraction yield of 26.1% (w/w) in comparison to those results obtained from conventional extraction methods which produced a yield of 17.6% (w/w) from water. The extracts from this process also showed 19% of low cytotoxicity against human normal fibroblast cells in adding 1.0 mg/ml of the highest concentration. The crude extract significantly reduced the production of Prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) from CCD-986sk cells and increased nitric oxide production by macrophages. These higher activities of enhancing skin immune functions were found to have high antioxidant extract properties, like a 98% increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extracts from the high pressure process showed a higher elution of active components than other processes and generated new compounds based on HPLC analysis. This clearly indicates that the extracts from high pressure and low temperature conditions have higher skin immune activation properties that have not been previously reported.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of immunomodulatory activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by extreme process. The extracts are WE100 (water extract for 24 hours at $100^{\circ}C$), WE80 (water extract for 24 hours at $80^{\circ}C$), EE (70% ethyl alcohol extract for 24 hours at $80^{\circ}C$) and EPE (extreme process for 30 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$, 500 MPa after 70% ethyl alcohol extracts for 3 hours at 40, 50, $60^{\circ}C$). Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by extreme process, compare to the normal extraction such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was showed in the range of 12.68~15.89% at $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ for human lung cell (HEL299). The EPE40 was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 12.68%. The EPE60 extracted by extreme process increased the growth of human B and T cells up to $12.12{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $14.88{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$, respectively and the EPE60 greatly increased the cytokine secretion of both IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. The extracts by extreme process also exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide production from macrophages than the lipopolysaccaharides. It can be concluded that Lithospermum erythrorhizon has immune activities and The extreme process could increase higher immune activities possibly by immunomodulatory compounds.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate improving immune activities of natural water-soluble sulforaphane extracted from Brassica oleracea var. italica by nano encapsulation process. The nanoparticles of the sulforaphane extracted with ultrasonification process at $60^{\circ}C$ promoted human B and T cell growth, about $7{\sim}35%$ compared to the control. The secretion of IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ from T cells were also enhanced as $2.6{\times}10^{-4}pg/cell$ and $2.1{\times}10^{-4} pg/cell$, respectively, by the adding nano samples. NK cell activation was improved about 8%, compare to the control in adding cultured medium of T cell added nano samples. It was also found that sulforaphane extracted from B. oleracea var. italica had highly inhibitory activity on hyaluronidase as $IC_{50}$ about $200\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. It can be concluded that natural water-soluble sulforaphane samples by nano-encapsulation, each size is 200 nm, extracted from B. oleracea var. italica has high immune activities through higher efficiency of bio-activation than conventional extracts.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Immune activities of Opuntia ficus indica L. Miller were investigated through aqueous extracts associated with ultrasonification process at $60^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, up to 52% and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-60 was also enhanced by the addition $(0.5mg/m{\ell})$ of the extracts, up to 48%. NK cell activation was significantly improved up to 1.3 times higher than the case of adding other extracts. It was also found that extracts from O. ficus indica could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher Immune acitivities than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of O. ficus-indicais water extraction associated with ultrasonification.