Immune Activity of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Extracted by Extreme Low Temperature Extraction Process

This study was performed to investigate the enhancement of immunomodulatory activities of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by extreme process. The extracts are WE100 (water extract for 24 hours at $100^{\circ}C$), WE80 (water extract for 24 hours at $80^{\circ}C$), EE (70% ethyl alcohol extract for 24 hours at $80^{\circ}C$) and EPE (extreme process for 30 minutes at $25^{\circ}C$, 500 MPa after 70% ethyl alcohol extracts for 3 hours at 40, 50, $60^{\circ}C$). Extraction yield was increased up to 5~10% by extreme process, compare to the normal extraction such as water solvent extraction, 70% ethyl alcohol solvent extraction. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was showed in the range of 12.68~15.89% at $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ for human lung cell (HEL299). The EPE40 was showed the lowest cytotoxicity 12.68%. The EPE60 extracted by extreme process increased the growth of human B and T cells up to $12.12{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $14.88{\times}10^4\;cells/m{\ell}$, respectively and the EPE60 greatly increased the cytokine secretion of both IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$. The extracts by extreme process also exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide production from macrophages than the lipopolysaccaharides. It can be concluded that Lithospermum erythrorhizon has immune activities and The extreme process could increase higher immune activities possibly by immunomodulatory compounds.

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