• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2012

Objectives : The object of this study was to obtain acute toxicity information (single oral dose toxicity) of Armeniacae Semen (AS), a medicinal herb used for treating constipation and various respiratory diseases, in rats. Methods : In order to observe the $LD_{50}$ (50% lethal dose), approximate lethal dosage (ALD) and target organs, AS aqueous extracts were orally administered once to female and male Sprague Dawley rats at dose levels of 2,000, 1,000, 500 and 0 (control) mg/kg (body weight). The mortality, changes in the body weight, clinical signs and gross observation were monitored for 14 days after single oral treatment of AS extracts, and the organ weights and histopathological findings of principle organs were observed after sacrifice. Results : After single oral treatment of AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, all (5/5; 100%) female and male rats died within 30 minutes after treatment, while no mortalities were observed in the female and male rats treated with 500 mg/kg of AS extract. Therefore, $LD_{50}$ in female and male rats was calculated as 741.95 mg/kg. Seizure, loss of locomotion, salivation, increases of respiration and heart-beat were observed after AS extract treatment, which were observed in all rats including the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study. In addition, lung congestion was visible in all mortal rats with AS 2,000 and 1,000 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions : The results obtained in this study suggest that AS extract ranges in Class III, because the $LD_{50}$ and ALD in both female and male rats were calculated as 741.95 mg/kg and 500~1,000 mg/kg, respectively. However, AS extract should be carefully treated at clinical applications, because salivation, increase of respiration and heart-beat were also observed in the lowest dosage group, 500 mg/kg in the present study.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2007

We have investigated the immunomodulatory activity of water extracts of Acanthopanax divaricatus var. alveofructus in male ICR mice. Mice were administrated with fermented milk containing freeze-dried extract 3 mg/Kg (A), 9 mg/kg (B), 27 mg/Kg (C) per body weight with A. divaricatus var. alveofructus (loots : leaves : stem) : Codonopsis lanceolata = (5 : 2 : 1.5) : 1.5 for 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. Body weight, relative organ weight, cellularity of lymphoid organs, plaque- forming cell (PFC) assay, agglutination (AGG) test and lymphoproliferation were examined in various groups of animals. Any significant differences of body weight gain were not recorded in the tested ICR mice. There was significant different (p<0.05) in the spleen index in B group of 10 weeks and C group of 7 weeks fed mouse. The thymus gain weight was increased during administration of the extract, but there was no significant increase on other organs gain. Humoral immunity as measured by PFC showed more decreased PFC level in 10 weeks than in 7 weeks. In the HT, A. divaricatus var. albeofructus extract also showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in C group of 10 weeks. Administration of extracts from A. divaricatus var. albeofructus increased significantly in the production of IgG antibodies on the mice immunized with SRBC in B group of 7 and 10 weeks (p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.200-206
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effect of 69 oriental medicinal herbs (OMHs) on Actinomyces viscocus, Streptococcus sobrinus, and two strains of Streptococcus mutans as oral bacteria. Methanol extracts of OMHs were used in the first antibacterial test, and then boiled water, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of C. japonica, C. sappan, P. mume, and S. chinensis were used in the second test. Boiled water extract of C. japonica was shown to have the most superior effect on oral bacteria. The extract yield of boiled water extract of C. japonica was 22%, and the growth of oral bacteria was almost inhibited at over a 180 mg/ml concentration. Antibacterial effect compound analyzed by UPLC method was identified as berberine, and the content was 25.54%. In addition, the extract appeared to be stable at $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 min.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Forsythia suspensa fruit extracts (FSfE) ($0.1{\sim}1.0%$) and their active component on melanogenesis. FSfE dose-dependently inhibited melanin synthesis (up to $63.1{\pm}3.1%$ at the concentration of 1.0%) without cell cytotoxicity. We purifed one active compound from FSfE and identified its structure. It was identified as 4-[(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)]dihydro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-2(3H)-furanone (arctigenin) by $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$, and Mass analysis. Arctigenin also inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner (up to $52.7{\pm}3.1%$ at the concentration of $3.0{\mu}g/mL$). In order to verify the whitening activity of the cream containing 3% FSfE, we performed the clinical test with twenty five female volunteers for 8 weeks. Bioengineering analyses and visual assessment by doctors at the initial time point and 8 weeks after applications showed that cream containing FSfE have significant whiteining effect (paired t-test). From the results, we conclude that the FSfE can be used as a useful whitening agent.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1715-1723
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• 2016

The heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (Scutellaria baicalensis, Sophora flavescens, Citrus unshiu pericarpium, Lonicera japonica, Perilla frutescens, Benincasa hispida) were tested for non-specific immune response and disease resistance effects related with fish diseases on olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. The preventive effects of 6 herbal mixtures against bacterial disease on cultured flounder were examined follow as feeding EP absorbed with the heat extract of six kinds of medicinal herbs. For feeding trial for 12th week, weight gain and serum analysis of fish fed various groups were not significant differences. Lysozyme activity of the 0.01 % treated group on 4th week showed significant increase. Histopathology of the administrated group for feeding period showed no particular signs of tissue degeneration. At 0.01% oral experimental group, relative percent survival (RPS) were only 50% to 75% for four weeks and eight weeks group by intraperitoneal injection with E. tarda. The results suggest that heat extracts of six kinds of medicinal herbs (0.01%) would be effective to enhance the nonspecific immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish pathogen.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.842-848
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• 2017

Hylotelephium erythrostictum is commonly used as a medicinal herb. In this study, H. erythrostictum leaf (HEL), branch (HEB), root (HER), and above ground (HEAG) extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods based on scavenging of DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radical. HEAG extract showed the highest DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. HEAG extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (230 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). In our research for anti-inflammatory ingredients, the extract of HEAG inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. To test the inhibitory effects of HEAG on pro-inflammatory cytokines, we conducted ELISA assay for the measuring the generation of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, IL (interleukin)-$1{\beta}$, and IL(interleukin)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, HEAG ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent decrease in the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6. Based on these results, extract of HEAG could be the efficient candidate for anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2005

Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts of 32 medicinal herbs species were investigated. Terminalia chebula extracts showed strong antibacterial activities. Ethanol extract of Cinnamomum cassia showed good antifungal activity. ACE inhibitory activities or P. corylifolia water extract and Fraction I of P. corylifolia water extract were 65.2 and 81.8%, respectively. Cytotoxicity of ethanol precipitate fraction obtained from water extract of Eugenia caryophyllata was highest.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibitory activity of 11 water extracts derived from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Sarcodon aspratus, Cordyceps militaris, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Corni fructus, Allium cepa, Coix lacryma-jobi, Plantago asiatica L., Lentinus edodes, Rosa rugosa, and Foeniculum fructus. The results of the LPL secretion and activity assay showed Sarcodon aspratus (NE) extract have an LPL secretion inhibitory acitivity. The cause of reduction in LPL secretion after NE treatment was investigated using molecular biology methods. NE treatment affected the LPL content in cells, but did not affect LPL mRNA expression. It also increased the mRNA expression level of sortilin-related receptor LDLR class A (SorLA), a receptor that induces endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of LPL. Finally, cell fractionation revealed that NE treatment induced the expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta ($C/EBP{\beta}$), a SorLA transcription factor, in the nuclei of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results show that NE's anti-obesity effect involves inhibition of LPL secretion through $C/EBP{\beta}$-mediated induction of SorLA expression.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2004

In order to endow mackerel fillet with antioxidant effect, functionality and remove fishy smell, chitosan, oligosaccaride, extracts of green tea, dill weed and ginger was used as soaking solution additives. Quality characteristics of soaked mackerel fillet(SMF) was investigated during storage temperature and time after vacuum packing with polyvinyl chloride film. From the results of VBN measurement, initial spoilage was showed within 2 or 3 weeks in SMF soaked with brine including extracts of green tea, herb and ginger at 5$^{\circ}C$. In case of adding chitosan and oligosaccarides to the solution mentioned above, initial spoilage was found from 4 to 7 weeks, oxidation was reduced remarkably and SMF stored at -20$^{\circ}C$ maintained the freshness during 80 days. Viable cell counts were reached to 108 for 3 weeks storage at 5 and 0$^{\circ}C$. But no change of viable cell counts was founded at -20$^{\circ}C$. The shelf-lifes of SMF according to 5, 0 and -20$^{\circ}C$storage temperatures were 2 to 3, 4 to 7 weeks and about 3 months, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 2018

Ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves with a shorter wavelength than visible light, and ultraviolet rays that pass through the ozone layer are the main cause of skin aging. Chronic exposure of skin tissue to ultraviolet light activates the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in human keratinocytes, resulting in increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the herbal extracts from Jeju Island on the anti-aging effect in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) by ultraviolet stimulation. We examined that herb extract from Jeju Island were decreased in anti-aging activity on measuring the level of MMP-1 gene and protein expression in ultraviolet-induced keratinocytes. As a result, it was confirmed that Thymus quinquecostatus extract (TQE) significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner by UV irradiated HaCaTs. According to our data, TQE significantly attenuated UV-induced phosphorylation of the MAPKs signaling elements ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 proteins. These results suggest that the MAPKs pathway may contribute to the inhibitory effect of TQE on UV-induced MMP-1 production in human keratinocytes. Our results suggest that TQE may be a protective agent against skin aging by preventing UV-induced MMP-1 production.