• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1999

To investigate the status of farmers health management for health promotion, and for checking the effect of village health care center during 1 year, 746 subjects were selected with cluster method in 8 provinces of Korea. The most frequent group was 40th of age (39%) : elementary school graduates (32%) The self-conscious of health status tested with CMI (Cornell Medical Index) questionnaire, the subjects in the village of health care center had lower health status than those of conventional village. The farmers living in the village with health care center had longer agricultural work (p＜0.05) and more frequency of spraying pesticides in the fields. The subjects of living the village of health care center were frequently exercise (34%) with health appliance use methods (30%), but the duration time of exercise was similar, Dietary habits and agricultural work condition were similar between two groups. For the fatigue recovery, steeping and bathing were most favorite methods, but exercise was lowest. It was significantly different between 2 groups the fatigue recovering methods, the subjects of village with health care center were more doing exercise (p＜0.01), less sleeping (p＜0.01) than those of conventional village. The working condition of self-estimated of farmers was not good, only 8.7% was thought pleasant condition. Of the various health factors, exercise, nutrition, and working situation would be more important. Considering on farmers exercise, it was very weak point for health management. The foundation and leading of the Farmers health care center was encouraged to farmers. For more effective operations, the experts education, easy and funny exercise program, and health promotion committee for administrators would be needed. The better systemic and continuous exercise programs should develop for associating livelihood. Funding for this project provided by the ministry of health and welfare of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2009

The prevalence of obesity in children has steadily risen during recent years in developed countries. Child obesity has become a major concern to health providers since it has grown to epidemic proportions over the past few decades. This study was conducted to investigate the biochemical status, dietary habits and life styles according to the obesity degree among obese children residing in the Gyungbuk area. The subjects were 148 elementary school students (boy 103, girl 45) and classified as mildly obese (n = 56), moderately obese (n = 61) and severely obese (n = 31) by the obesity index. The average body weight and height increased significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). Serum cholesterol concentration came under the normal level in all groups. Serum AST activity increased according to the obesity degree but it was not significant. Serum ALT activity increased according to the obesity degree (p < 0.05). Dietary habit score was lower significantly according to the obesity degree (p < 0.01). Life style of the subjects was significantly different for the level of 'healthy state (p < 0.05)', 'body perception (p < 0.01)', 'watching TV and video (p < 0.05)', 'normal sleeping hour (p < 0.05)' and 'degree of stress (p < 0.05)' according to the obesity degree. A positive relationship between obesity index and blood pressure, ALT has been shown in the subjects. Obesity index and dietary habit scores were negatively associated. Therefore, these results suggest that a practical nutrition-exercise education program for the prevention of child obesity should be provided to elementary school children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 14(4) : 441${\sim}$450, 2009)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.714-723
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• 2007

Especially, the teenage period, an important lifetime to develop both physically and mentally, needs to be helpful to promote the growth of the body and to keep a well-balanced mind through a balanced and nourishing diet. It is well known that the western style fast food is the most liked meal by teenagers. Wrong recognition about fast food and its frequent intake by adolescents can lead to unbalanced diet and food behaviors which may also connect with a poor impact on their personalities as well as their physical health. In this study, therefore, relationships between fast food intake frequency and food behavior, sociability, and personality, such as anger expression, were surveyed from 1,295 adolescents (666 in Seoul, 316 in Changwon, and 313 in rural communities), and then analyzed using SPSS program. The results are shown as follows. The fast food preference score and the fast food intake frequency score showed no differences between male students (22.9/30, 14.4/30 respectively) and female students (23.0/30, 14.0/30 respectively). But, the fast food preference score correlated positively with the intake frequency score (r=0.304) significantly (p<0.001). The more frequently eating of fast food group showed significantly lower scores (r=-0.233, p<0.001) in food behaviors. The frequency of fast food intake had no relationships with sociability, but it had a significantly effect on anger expression (r=0.213, p<0.001) and control (r=-0.l47, p<0.001). From these results, we could see the necessity of various nutrition education programs to build proper eating-out habits and also more studies are needed to find the relationships between fast food intake and growth and personality.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the stress level, dietary attitudes and nutrient intakes of Food and Nutrition major female students at a university located in Changwon. A total of 122 female students taking the course 'Meal Management' during 2001-2004 participated in this study. The general characteristics, stress level and dietary attitudes of the subjects were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The nutrient intake data collected from 3-day food-record method were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The symptoms by stress showed that 'eye strain', 'physically exhausted or get tired' and 'pains on neck or shoulders' were high in 59.4-81.8%. The mean scores of stress in 2001-2004 were 8.5-12.0 out of 30 points and the subjects in 2002 and 2004 scored significantly higher on stress level than the subjects in 2001 did (p < 0.00. The mean scores of dietary attitudes were 58.7-66.6 out of 100 points, most of the subjects are belonged to the 'fair' group in terms of dietary habits level. The stress level had a negative correlation with dietary habits (p < 0.001). About 1/3 of the subjects, the intake of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin A and iron were less than 75% of Korean RDA, whereas more than half of the subject, protein, vitamin C and phosphorus intake were more than 125% of RDA, and intake ratio of Ca and P showed an unbalance of 1 : 2. The animal protein intake was higher than the plant protein, whereas the animal vitamin A and iron intake were lower than vegetable food source. In 2001-2004, the index of nutritional quality (INQ) of vitamin $B_2$ and niacin was 0.56-0.98, and in 2003, the INQs of vitamin $B_2$ was 0.56, and that of niacin was 0.67, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets of high nutritional quality.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.114-124
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• 2005

The nutritional status of pre-school children is important for both physical growth and functional development. This study investigated the anthropometric, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of the pre-school children living in Asan for planning nutritional education program. The dietary intakes were measured by 2-day 24 hr recall recorded by children's mothers and the anthropometric data were collected by measuring children's weights, heights, and percent body fat at Asan Public Health Center. The children were 161 boys and 129 girls aged 5 and 6 years. When children's nutritional status was determined by their anthropometric status (underweight, normal weight and overweight) determined by z-score (normal range between -1.00 and 1.00), only 1.4% of the children belonged to underweight group while 55.7% and 42.9% belonged to normal and overweight groups, respectively. Significantly higher number of children belonged to overweight group for 5 year-olds. No differences were observed in nutrient intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) values among nutritional status groups. Intakes of the most nutrients were adequate, but NAR and INQ of calcium and zinc were low. When nutrient intakes, NAR and INQ were compared by sex or age, all nutrient intakes were appropriate except calcium and zinc intakes of 6 year-olds. Nutrient intakes of 5 years were higher than those of 6 years. The mean of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.85 and mean INQ was 1.51 for all participants. The nutritional management program for pre-school children in Asan would be directed differently by age groups and education material should contain contents educating to consume moderate amount of food for 5 year-olds and to increase intake of foods with mineral nutrients such as calcium and zinc for 6 year-olds.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.746-755
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• 2011

A survey on the status of sanitary education and recognition and perceived performance of cooking operations related to sanitation for cooks at nine deluxe hotels in the Seoul area was conducted. The frequency of a food sanitary training program inside the hotel was 94.0%, and the frequency of training was 'once a month' at 68.5%. The program was taught by a hygienist in the hotel (62.7%), and 64.2% of cooks always attended. Cooks' recognition of HACCP was 3.52, and the importance of education on HACCP was higher at 3.77. Cook's' level of sanitary management was satisfactory with an average of 3.83 out of 5 in a Likert scale. The results showed a high average (4.08) for importance of personal hygiene during cooking, but satisfaction of personal hygiene was rather low at 3.92. Cooks' recognition of food sanitation in work field was very high at 4.15. The average scale of recognition on personal hygiene was 4.36, and out of 10 items related to personal hygiene, 'maintaining hand hygiene' showed the highest recognition (4.43). In a performance scale, the average was 4.24, and 'performing annual health examination' was the highest at 4.38. Perceived recognition of 18 items related to food sanitation had an average of 4.41, whereas the average for performance was lower at 4.31. Perceived recognition of 12 items related to cooking equipments had an average of 4.39, and average scale of performance was 4.28. Therefore, cooks' high recognition of food sanitation but rather low recognition of satisfaction of personal hygiene and perceived performance indicated that systematic sanitation management monitoring tools are necessary for higher performance.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.775-785
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to verify factors affecting the use of dental hygiene care products in adults. The study used a nationally representative sample of Koreans (2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) aged 19 years over (n=4,839). Dependent variable was frequency of tooth brushing per day, use of dental floss, use of interdental brush and use of mouth rinse. Independent variable was sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, perceived health and oral health conditions. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors affecting the use of dental hygiene care products. All analyses were performed using PASW Statistics version 18.0. Resulting of chi-square test, the use of oral hygiene care products was statistically significant with gender, age, education level, household income, marital status, dental utilization, dental examination. Resulting of logistic regression, in female, the higher the education level was identified as common factors for variables in use of dental hygiene care products. Dental hygienist among dental professionals should play an important role as contributor to the national oral health promotion that recognizes the impact of each factor by refining dental hygiene care products and reflect personal characteristics and preferences through the oral health educational media and program development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

This study was conducted on 4th and 5th grade elementary school students in Daegu, Korea for the purpose of promoting health and proper dietary habits. A children food safety education program was developed and its effects evaluated on 4th and 5th graders (3,932 students for 4th year, 4,438 students for 5th year) at 46 elementary schools, which were under the jurisdiction of the four educational bureaus of Daegu city. Education was conducted in accordance with an education design plan, of which there were two goals, including know the contents of 'special act on children's dietary life safety management' and 'practice proper hand-washing'. 'Special act on children's dietary life safety management' was explained, and the education curriculum included proper hand-washing for prevention of food poisoning, quality certification mark on children's favorite foods, harmful foods such as unsanitary and adulterated foods, and green food zone. Flash songs, PowerPoint, 'glitter burger' notice note, and banner were used as education media. It was found that the awareness level of items related to 'special act on children's dietary life safety management' increased significantly after education (p<0.001). 'Necessity of nutrition education and children's food safety' also increased significantly (p<0.05) after education. Lastly, children answered that they washed their hands more often after education (62.9%) than before (60.7%).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.347-357
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• 2022

This study was attempted to identify the health-related quality of life of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients and factors influencing the quality of life, focusing on Health-related quality of life with 8 items (HINT-8). The subjects of this study were 451 adults aged 40 years or older who performed lung function tests and whose ratio is less than 0.7 by measuring forced respiratory volume in 1 second [FEV₁] to forced vital capacity in the 2019 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, It was analyzed using SAS program. As a result, both the HINT-8 index and EuroQol five-dimensions 3-level version (EQ-5D-3L) index were appropriate as tools to measure the health-related quality of life in COPD patients, and the factors affecting the health-related quality of life were age, gender, income, and smoking status, comorbidities, stress, and subjective health status. Therefore, in order to improve the health-related quality of life of COPD patients, an individualized management program suitable for the characteristics of subjects such as the low-income class and the elderly, including smoking cessation education and stress management, should be developed and applied.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2021

Purpose : This study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and oral health and factors influencing asthma in adults. We also investigated whether asthma is related to mental health and physiological factors of blood. Methods : Data from 12,639 adults was taken from the 7th period (2016~2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed using with SPSS 22.0 statistical program. Statistical analysis of data included frequency analysis, cross-analysis, and logistic regression analysis. For continuous data, an independent sample t-test was performed. The statistical significance level was defined as 0.05. Results : The probability of asthma occurrence was statistically different within general characteristics (gender, age, school grade, income, and drinking). By independent variables in a logistic regression analysis, the asthma diagnosis group had more people with speech discomfort (OR=1.37), chewing discomfort (OR=1.29), and oral pain (OR=.73). We found that people with asthma had a more unfavorable perception of their health (OR=1.73), suffered more depression (OR=.45), stress (OR=.66), and limited activity (OR=2.38). Moreover, the white blood cell count (OR=1.10) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein test (OR=1.06) also showed higher values than the control group. Conclusion : Our study showed that oral health and mental health were associated with the asthma, and influencing factors were oral health and behavior and mental health-related characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to understand asthma-related risk factors for oral health and recognize the importance of systematic oral care education and regular dental visits for patients receiving asthma treatment. Thus, this study provides valuable insights on appropriate oral health management and prevention of asthma in patients.