• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to review recent findings from birth cohort studies on maternal and child environmental health. Methods: Birth cohort studies regarding environmental health outcomes for mothers and their children were investigated through a systematic review. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and RISS to identify published studies using the keywords using a combination of the following keywords: maternal exposure, environmental exposure, health, cohort, and birth cohort. Articles were searched and a quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies was done. Results: A review of the 14 selected studies revealed that prenatal and early life exposure to environmental pollutants had negative impacts on physical, cognitive, and behavioral development among mothers and children up to 12 years later. Environmental pollutants included endocrine disruptors, air pollution (e.g., particulate matter), and heavy metals. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrated that exposure to environmental pollutants negatively influences maternal and children's environmental health outcomes from pregnancy to the early years of life. Therefore, maternal health care professionals should take steps to reduce mothers' and children's exposure to environmental pollutants.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the self-efficacy, coping, and compliance in patients with kidney transplantation. Methods: Participants consisted of 300 outpatients who underwent kidney transplantation and regularly visited hospital for health check-up. A tool developed by Ahn (2000) was used for measuring self-efficacy. A modified version of the Jalowiec Coping Scale (Jalowiec, 1987) by Hwang (2004) was used for measuring coping, and a tool developed by Ryu, Kim, and Kang (2003) was used for compliance. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 21.0 ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Scheff$\acute{e}$'s test for post-hoc test. Results: Coping shows significant differences according to marital status and education. Coping was used more often among patients with ABO incompatible transplantation than those with ABO compatible. Differences in compliance were significant according to donor type, ABO incompatible, period after transplantation, and admission after the transplantation. The management of life style, stress, nutrition, and exercise in self-efficacy and compliance had lower scores than the others. Conclusion: There are significant correlations between self-efficacy, coping, and compliance in patients with kidney transplant which might be helpful for health care professionals in taking care of these population.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) geriatric hospital nurses in Korea. Methods: Bilingual nursing professionals performed translation and back-translation. Reliability and validity of the content and construction of the instrument were confirmed. Internal consistency reliability was determined. Construction and concurrent validity were verified using factor analysis and correlation coefficients. Results: The total 14 items for the Korean version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) were retained through item analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, four subcategories were proposed with their names of each factor: 'Leadership', 'Staff relation', 'Knowledge', and 'Care'. The four factors accounted for 78.81% of the variances. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ regarding internal consistency were .77~.91 for the NSCI subscales. Correlation among four subcategories ranged .62~.84. Conclusion: The findings show that the Korean version of the Nurses' Self-Concept Instrument is reliable and valid for measuring professional Self-Concept of geriatric hospital nurses in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3247-3251
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• 2015

Background: The attendance rates for cancer screening are low in Japan. Little is actually known about how the Japanese perceive cancer. Since beliefs about illness affect individuals' health care practice, the aim of this study was to explore beliefs about cancer and factors associated with those beliefs, focusing on representative cancer sites. Materials and Methods: Japanese adults (${\geq}20$ years old) who had not been diagnosed with any cancers and were not health care professionals were recruited, using a convenience sampling approach. A total of 91 participants completed questionnaires including open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the responses. Results: Five themes were suggested: (i) a threatening illness that might greatly change one's future life; (ii) basic cancer knowledge; (iii) a curable illness with early detection and adequate treatment; (iv) causes of cancer; and (v) anyone can develop cancer. Families or friends' negative consequences of cancer were associated with negative beliefs about the disease. Gestational cancer was the most representative site of most themes. Conclusions: A threatening illness (e.g., death or incurable illness) was the most common belief among the Japanese laypeople. Importance of early detection and treatments should be more emphasized, and future screening programs should include strategies modifying negative cancer beliefs among Japanese laypeople.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.246-256
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• 2011

Purpose: With the decrease in available clinical sites, a decrease in adequately prepared clinical faculty, and demand to prepare health care students to begin work, we need alternative methods to teach clinical skills for health care professionals. The use of simulation as an educational process that can replicate clinical practices is becoming popular in nursing. Therefore, this study was conducted to review directions of simulation-based learning in nursing education. Methods: A systematic review of quantitative studies was undertaken using Medline, KERIS, and KISS. The primary search terms were simulation and nursing. Reference lists from relevant papers and the websites of relevant nursing organizations were also searched. Nine studies met inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. Results: All studies reported simulation as a valid teaching/learning strategy. Six of the studies (66.7%) showed that simulation technology was a practical and successful model to use in teaching a variety of clinical skills for nursing students and nurses. Conclusion: Simulation may have some advantages over other teaching methods, depending on the scenario, context, topic, and method. Further study is needed to determine the effect of team size on learning and to develop a universal method of outcome measurement.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.299-309
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• 2022

Purpose: Safe sleep practices (SSP) are among the main strategies to reduce sleep-related sudden unexplained infant death (SUID). Daycare personnel must be knowledgeable and trained in SSP related to SUID. This study explored the experience, knowledge, and confidence regarding SSP associated with SUID of daycare personnel. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 395 staff members at 61 daycare centers to measure their experience related to SSP (10 items), related to sleep position and location, bedding materials, and other topics; knowledge of SSP (18 items); and confidence in SSP (1 item) related to SUID. Results: A substantial proportion (23.6%) of respondents used the lateral or prone positions for infant sleep. On average, 4.5 bedding materials were used for infant sleep. Participants showed a lack of knowledge about SSP as indicated by a 56.6% knowledge of SSP related to SUID correct answer rate. Personnel who received SUID education were more knowledgeable and had more confidence regarding SSP than those who did not. More knowledge and confidence related to SSP were associated with better adherence to SSP. Conclusion: Standard SSP guidelines should be developed based on South Korea's culture of childcare for educating both childcare professionals and parents at home.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.199-247
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• 2012

According to the review and analysis of medical cases that are assigned to the Supreme Court and all local High Court in 2011 and that are presented in the media, it was found that the following categories were taken seriously, medical and pharmaceutical product liability, the third principle of trust between medical institutions, negligence and causation estimation, responsibility limit, the meaning of medical records and related judgment of disturbed substantiation, Oriental doctors' duties to explain the procedures, IMS events, whether one can claim for each medical care operated by non-physician health care institutions to the nonmedical domain in the National Health Insurance Corporation, and the basis of norms for each claim. In the cases related to medical pharmaceutical product liability, Supreme Court alleviated burden of proof for accidents with medical and pharmaceutical products prior to the practice of Product Liability Law and onset the point of negative prescription as the time of damage strikes to condition feasibility of the specific situation. In the cases related to the 3rd principle of trust between medical institutions, the Supreme Court refused to sentence the doctor who has trusted the judgment of the same third-party doctors the violations of the care duty. With respect to proof of a causal relationship and damages in a medical negligence case, the Supreme Court decided that it is unjust to deny negligence by the materials of causal relationship rejecting the original verdict and clarified that the causal relationship shall not deny the reasons to limit doctors' responsibilities. In order not put burden on patients with disadvantages in which medical records and the description of the practice or the most fundamental and important evidence to prove negligence and causation are being neglected, the Supreme Court admitted in the hospital's responsibility for the case of the neonate death of suffocation without properly listed fetal heart rate and uterine contraction monitor. On the other hand, the Seoul Western District Court has admitted alimony for altering and forging medical records. With respect to doctors' obligations to description, the Supreme Court decided that it is necessary to explain the foreseen risks by the combination of oriental and western medicines emphasizing the right of patient's self-determination. However, questions have arisen whether it is realistically feasible or not. In a case of an unlicensed doctor performing intramuscular stimulation treatment (IMS), the Supreme Court put off its decision if it was an unlicensed medical practice as to put limitation of eastern and western medical practices, but it declared that IMS practice was an acupuncture treatment therefore the plaintiff's conduct being an illegal act. In the future, clear judgment on this matter should be made. With respect to the claim of bills from non-physical health care institutions, the Supreme Court decided to void it for the implementation of the arrangement is contrary to the commitments made in the medical law and therefore, it is invalid to claim. In addition, contrast to the private healthcare professionals, who are subject to redemption according to the National Healthcare Insurance Law, the Seoul High Court explicitly confirmed that the non-professionals who receive the tort operating profit must return the unjust enrichment and have the liability for damages. As mentioned above, a relatively wide range of topics were discussed in medical field of 2011. In Korea's health care environment undergoing complex changes day by day, it is expected to see more diverse and in-depth discussions striding out to the development in the field of health care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. Results: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, 'HBP-SC Diet behavior' and 'HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)'. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.92$. Conclusion: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.639-651
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• 2013

This study aims to improve caregiver's labor conditions, to provide a high-quality care service and to offer basic research information for developing a standardized job content of caregiver. The study establishes basic principles for a standardized job content with a literature review and then collects basic information of caregiver's task with an observation technique. The study based on the observation technique develops 11 job categories and 72 duty categories expected to do by the caregiver. The study examines acute care hospitals that provide joint care services in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Sixty caregivers who work at these hospitals are carried out a survey regarding a specific task of caregiver, an importance of task and a frequency of task. Collected data is analyzed using statistical package SPSS 18.0, and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation) is reported. An analysis of frequency is used to analyze target for research. From the collected information, tasks of caregiver are sorted into 10 job categories and 60 duty categories. As a result of the study, tasks of caregiver are sorted into 10 job categories and 68 duty categories based on the observations technique. One job category and four duty categories are added to the final survey based on an interview with professionals and officials in the field of care service but, one additional job category and four duty categories based on the interview are excepted from the result of the analysis. The interview with professionals and officials is nothing meaningful on the task analysis of caregiver.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2008

Objective: This study was to investigate the relationship between hemoglobin A1c level and self-reported oral health status. Methods: The subjects of this study were 150 diabetic patients (60 male patients and 90 female patients) who went to the internal and family medicine departments of clinic. This study used the questionnaire and NYCOCARD$\square$ READERII to quantify hemoglobin A1c. Results: The proportion of well controlled diabetes subjects was 31.3%. When hemoglobin A1c levels became higher, subjects perceived that there were more decay teeth, bleeding, swollen gums, mobility teeth, and oral disease symptoms. In comparison with the well glycemic control group, poor glycemic control group perceived that the overall oral health status was worse, and had more bleeding teeth, swollen gums and mobility teeth. Conclusion: These results show that hemoglobin A1c level is related to the self-reported oral health status. Therefore, dental professionals should emphasize more the necessity of maintaining the hemoglobin A1c of normal range and monitoring it periodically, and the practice of thorough oral hygiene care in order to promote diabetic patients' oral health.