• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extracts on hair growth in an alopecia mouse model. Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups; control group-normal saline injection or vehicle solution application, positive control group-minoxidil (MNXD), experimental group-pharmacopuncture and applied Sebalgukhwa-san (SGS) extract. The effects of the treatment on hair growth, were determined through photographs, and phototrichogram analysis by folliscope. Hair follicle morphometry by hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed, and hair growth-related protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin like growth factor-1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were monitored by Western blotting. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured for liver function test. Results: Body weight increased consistently in all groups. Hair growth was improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control. Hair density and thickness improved statistically significantly in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control p < 0.05. The number of hair follicles improved in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control but the size did not. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin like growth factor-1 increased, and there was a decrease in the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the MNXD and SGS groups compared with the control, however, there was no significant difference. Sebalgukhwa-san treatment had no toxicity in liver function tests. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture and dermal application of Sebalgukhwa-san extract may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of alopecia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.550-558
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• 2023

Hair loss is a common condition that can have a negative impact on an individual's quality of life. The severe side effects and the low efficacy of current hair loss medications create unmet needs in the field of hair loss treatment. Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 (HAPLN1), one of the components of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to play a role in maintaining its integrity. HAPLN1 was examined for its ability to impact hair growth with less side effects than existing hair loss treatments. HAPLN1 was predominantly expressed in the anagen phase in three stages of the hair growth cycle in mice and promotes the proliferation of human hair matrix cells. Also, recombinant human HAPLN1 (rhHAPLN1) was shown to selectively increase the levels of transforming growth factor-β receptor II in human hair matrix cells. Furthermore, we observed concomitant activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway following treatment with rhHAPLN1. Our results indicate that rhHAPLN1 elicits its cell proliferation effect via the TGF-β2-induced ERK1/2 pathway. The prompt entering of the hair follicles into the anagen phase was observed in the rhHAPLN1-treated group, compared to the vehicle-treated group. Insights into the mechanism underlying such hair growth effects of HAPLN1 will provide a novel potential strategy for treating hair loss with much lower side effects than the current treatments.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.561-570
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• 2004

To screen the effective materials for hair loss treatment, the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts were tested. As a result we found that the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts have the hair growth promoting effect. After topical application of each test materials to the back of CS7BL/6 mice, the earlier conversion of telogen-to-anagen phase was induced. In the experiments of 5α-reductase type II inhibition assay, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Semen Cuscutae showed effective potential to inhibit the activity of 5α-reductase type II. And hair growth index of the Gamissanghwa-tang extracts ranked as 1.2, especially the hair growth index of Fructus Rubi is highest as 1.8. But there were no plant extracts which have effect on the DNA proliferation of hair dermal papilla cell measured by [³H]thymidine incorporation, the expression of growth factors such as IGF-I, KGF, HGF estimated by RT-PCR and protein synthesis of vibrissae hair follicle measured by [/sup 35/S] cysteine incorporation. Cortex Cinnamomi showed anti-bacterial effect on P. ovale, Radix Paeoniae Alba has the highest radical scavening activity and Radix Glycyrrhizae has the highest effects of NO synthesis. These results suggest that Gamissanghwa-tang can be used as a potent treatment agent for helping hair growth stimulation.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2011

모발은 피부를 둘러싸고 있는 피부 부속기관이며, 외부로부터 들어오는 물리적, 화학적 자극에 대하여 보호하고, 미용 효과 등의 기능을 가지고 있다. 모발은 피부의 표피와 진피의 사이에서 발생하며, 모발성장주기를 가지고 있다. 모발성장주기는 모발이 성장하는 시기(anagen)와 성장을 끝내는 시기(catagen), 성장을 멈추고 휴식하는 시기(telogen)로 구분할 수 있다. 모발성장기 중, 성장기의 모낭 부위에는 많은 성장인자들이 분포하고 있다는 것이 이미 보고된 바 있다. 뇌하수체에서 분비되는 인간 성장 호르몬은 신진대사를 수행하는 신호를 전달하며, 기관의 성장을 촉진하는 역할을 수행한다. 성장호르몬은 혈류를 따라 온몸으로 이동되며, 여러 가지의 성장인자들을 활성하거나 억제하는 조절 작용을 한다는 연구결과가 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간성장호르몬을 유전자재조합기술을 이용하여 관찰이 용이하도록 6개의 히스티딘 아미노산을 첨가하였으며, 나노크기의 리포좀으로 캡슐화한 LhGH를 (주)리제론으로 부터 받아 사용하여 마우스(C57BL6/CrN)에서 LhGH에 의한 모발의 성장 관계를 알아보았다. 8주령의 마우스 3마리씩 증류수, Liposome, Minoxidil, His hGH, LhGH를 실험의 목적에 따라 20일, 6주 동안 도포하였고, 피부 속의 침투 경로는 형광면역반응법을 이용하여 형광현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한, 광학현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 모발 수의 변화를 비교하여 보았다. 마우스 피부에 도포한 LhGH는 피부표피의 모공과 모발을 따라 피부 안으로 이동되는 것이 광학현미경으로 관찰되었다. 또한 LhGH는 성별에 관계없이 모발 수를 증가시켰으며, 피부 밖으로 도출된 모발 수를 증가시킴을 확인하였다. 자연적으로 탈모된 마우스에서도 발모를 증진시켰으며, 발모 후 3주 동안 새로운 탈모현상을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과로 LhGH는 마우스(C57BL/6CrN)에서 모발의 수를 증가시키며, 탈모된 피부에서 모발의 재성장을 촉진시키는 효과가 있다고 생각한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expressed in epidermis of skin, bulge region of hair follicle, outermost layer of outer root sheath and proximal and distal to bulge. Vimentin is a fibrous protein that localized in cytoplasm of fibroblast and forms cytoskeleton to maintain shape of cell and nucleus. In this study, CK19 and vimentin in skin were confirmed with light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscope. As a result, CK19 was localized epidermis, hair follicles, outer root sheath and nucleus of Merkel's cell. However, vimentin was localized some epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and nucleus of Merkel's cell. The role of CK19 is self-renewal and homeostasis in skin. Also, hair follicle regeneration and hair growth is known to be related. It is supposed that required of structural proteins that make up cytoskeleton is increased. Thereby, expression of CK19 is increased. It is considered that vimentin localized in order to stabilize structure of cell and cytoskeleton of fibroblasts. Also, CK19 and vimentin present in nuclei of Merkel's cell, and to act as a fibrous protein that make up end of a nerve fiber present in Merkel's cell and paracrine function of Merkel's cell.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 2008

Mylabris is the dried body of the chinese blister beetle. The species used in medicine are Mylabris phalerata and M. cichorii. In recent studies, it has been found that Mylabris possesses antitumor properties, increases the number of leukocytes, and has irritant effects on the urinary organs. The crude extracts of Mylabris have been noted for their highly irritant action and other traditional uses of Mylabris include treatment of poor local blood circulation. The active constituent of Mylabris is cantharidin. The chemical is notable for its vesicant properties, but with severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity. This experiment examined the effect of extracts and fractions, obtained from Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. First, we examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the alcohol extracts of dried Mylabris phalerata Pall. on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. Second, we examined on hair growth activity of the cantharidin fraction of Mylabris phalerata Pall. compared to the control and 1% minoxidil groups. Third, we investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall. to skin for 16 days. The results were as follows: Hair growth effect from the extracts of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312%) was observed in 80% of mice whose hair had been removed in 13 days. Hair growth effect from the extract of Mylabris phalerata Pall.(0.312 and 0.625%) and 1% minoxidil group was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 20 days. Hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction(0.5%) and water fraction(0.5%) of Mylabris phalerata Pall. was observed in 100% of mice whose hair had been clipped in 24 days. The hair growth effect on the cantharidin fraction(0.125%) was observed to be strong compared with the minoxidil(3%) group, commercial hair growth agents, in mice whose hair had been clipped in 19 days. In the spontaneous alopecia mice model, the hair growth effect from the cantharidin fraction (0.125%) was observed to be strong as compared with the states before the 13 days experiment. These experiments suggest that extracts and fractions of Mylabris phalerata Pall. may stimulate the topical hair growth activity in low doses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1046-1062
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• 2022

This study investigated the effects of L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation on growth performance, physiological traits, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and gene expression related to muscle and adipose tissue development in Hanwoo steers under heat stress (HS) conditions. Eight Hanwoo steers (initial body weight [BW] 570.7 ± 43.6 kg, months of age 22.3 ± 0.88) were randomly separated into two groups, control and treatment, and supplied with the concentration (1.5% of BW kg/day/head) and rice straw (1.5 kg/day/head). The treatment group were fed the Gln supplementation (0.5% of concentration, as-fed basis) once a day at 08:00 h. Blood samples for the assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters and the separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected four times, at 0, 3, 6, and 10 weeks of the experiment. Feed intake was measured daily. BW to analyze growth performance and hair follicle collection to analyze the expression of HSPs were executed four times at 0, 3, 6, and 10 weeks. To analyze gene expression, longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected by biopsy at the end of the study. As a result, growing performance, including final BW, average daily gain, and gain-to-feed ratio, were not different between the two groups. Leukocytes including lymphocytes and granulocytes, tended to increase in the Gln supplementation group (p = 0.058). There were also no differences in biochemical parameters shown between the two groups, except total protein and albumin, both of which were lower in the Gln supplementation group (p < 0.05). Gene expressions related to muscle and adipose tissue development were not different between the two groups. As temperature-humidity index (THI) increased, HSP70 and HSP90 expression in the hair follicle showed a high correlation. HSP90 in the hair follicle was decreased in the treatment group compared with the control group at 10 weeks (p < 0.05). Collectively, dietary Gln supplementation (0.5% of concentration, as-fed basis) may not be influential enough to affect growth performance and gene expression related to muscle and adipose tissue development in steers. However, Gln supplementation increased the number of immune cells and decreased HSP90 in the hair follicle implying HS reduction in the corresponding group.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-162
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• 2006

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the hair follicle from the outer root of the hair follicle sheath. This tumor can be misleading, and a false diagnosis of a squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of trichilemmal carcinoma with a review of literature. The patient presented with an exophytic well circumscribed nodular mass on the left auricle, which was detected 6 months ago. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted of atypical clear cells which contained abundant glycogen. The tumor cells shows lobular growth pattern with necrosis, foci of trichilemmal keratinization and peripheral pallisading. Total excision and repair with full-thickness skin graft was done with minimal surgical morbidity. The patient has been free of recurrence or metastasis for 8 months.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2006

Cortex Mori radicis has been used as a components of antidiabetics, antiasthma and diuresis in Oriental Medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an extracts, obtained from the acetone(CM-A) and aqueous(CM-W) extracts of Cortex Mori radicis, on hair growing activity of the C57BL/6N mice after topical application to skin. We investigated the number of hair follicle and mast cells, and changes of subpopulation of splenocytes and thymocytes in skin for 16 day. The results were as follows : The Hair growing effect in experimental groups was more increased in 85%(CM-A) and 90%(CM-W) than control group(10%) in hair depilated area. The number of hair follicle in experimental groups(CM-A and CM-W) was more increased than control group. Splenic B/T lymphocytes of CM-A group were decreased compare to control group. CD4/CD8 positive TH cells in splenic T lymphocytes of CM-W group were increased compare to control group. These results suggest that CM-A and CM-W may be used in treatment of alopecia areata.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2023

Background: The human hair follicle undergoes cyclic phases-anagen, catagen, and telogen-throughout its lifetime. This cyclic transition has been studied as a target for treating hair loss. Recently, correlation between the inhibition of autophagy and acceleration of the catagen phase in human hair follicles was investigated. However, the role of autophagy in human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs), which is involved in the development and growth of hair follicles, is not known. We hypothesized that acceleration of hair catagen phase upon inhibition of autophagy is due to the downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs, and that components of Panax ginseng extract can increase the autophagic flux in hDPCs. Methods: We generated an autophagy-inhibited condition using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a specific autophagy inhibitor, and investigated the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling using the luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis. In addition, cells were cotreated with ginsenoside Re and 3-MA and their roles in inhibiting autophagosome formation were investigated. Results: We found that the unstimulated anagen phase dermal papilla region expressed the autophagy marker, LC3. Transcription of Wnt-related genes and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were reduced after treatment of hDPCs with 3-MA. In addition, treatment with the combination of ginsenoside Re and 3-MA changed the Wnt activity and hair cycle by restoring autophagy. Conclusions: Our results suggest that autophagy inhibition in hDPCs accelerates the catagen phase by downregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, ginsenoside Re, which increased autophagy in hDPCs, could be useful for reducing hair loss caused by abnormal inhibition of autophagy.