• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1024-1032
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• 2018

The central mechanisms coordinating growth and sexual maturation are well conserved across invertebrates and vertebrates. Although mutations in the gene encoding makorin RING finger protein 3 (mkrn3) are associated with central precocious puberty in humans, a causal relationship has not been elucidated. Here, we examined the role of mkrn1, a Drosophila ortholog of mammalian makorin genes, in the regulation of developmental timing. Loss of MKRN1 in $mkrn1^{exS}$ prolonged the $3^{rd}$ instar stage and delayed the onset of pupariation, resulting in bigger size pupae. MKRN1 was expressed in the prothoracic gland, where the steroid hormone ecdysone is produced. Furthermore, $mkrn1^{exS}$ larvae exhibited reduced mRNA levels of phantom, which encodes ecdysone-synthesizing enzyme and E74, which is a down-stream target of ecdysone. Collectively, these results indicate that MKRN1 fine-tunes developmental timing and sexual maturation by affecting ecdysone synthesis in Drosophila. Moreover, our study supports the notion that malfunction of makorin gene family member, mkrn3 dysregulates the timing of puberty in mammals.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.23-32
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• 2008

Anatomical and physical characteristics of seven cultivars of chestnut wood (Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.), Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung, Arima, Ginyose, Tsukuba, and Riheiguri, were investigated to obtain some valuable information for their possibilities to be used for high quality furnitures and woodcrafts. Solitary pore and figured-porous or ring-porous wood types were observed in wide growth rings, and ring-porous in narrow growth rings. Procumbent type was prevalent in ray cells although upright and square types were scarcely existed. Uniseriate, biseriate, and multiseriate rays were observed in tangential section. Uniseriate ray was abundant near the pith, and biseriate and multiseriate rays were frequently existed near the bark. The occurrence rate of biseriate and multiseriate rays was significantly high in Tanzawa, Ibuki, Mansung and Tsukuba, but was somewhat low in Arima, Ginyose and Riheiguri. The inner region showed larger vessel diameter, more vessel number, fewer ray number and higher ray height than the outer region. Growth-ring width in inner region was larger than that in outer region. Growth-rings in inner region of Mansung and Arima were wide while that of Ibuki was narrow. Outer region in all cultivars showed higher latewood percentage than inner region. Especially, Mansung and Tsukuba showed significantly high latewood percentage in their outer region. Green moisture content and density of heartwood were higher than those of sapwood. Tsukuba and Riheiguri had higher green moisture content, and Ibuki and Riheiguri had higher green density than the other chestnut cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 1995

To know the variation in the growth of the sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus according to their localities, three different populations including the culture populations, the released populations, and the wild populations were investigated using the cluster analysis. For this purpose, pigment banding pattern on the genital plate was used as an age character. The population composed of the same year class was born between September 25th and October 5th every year. The population of 9 to 10 months old had no $r_1,\;whereas\;r_1$, was observed in the population of either 1 year and 10 or 11 months old, and both $r_1,\;and\;r_2$ in the population of either 2 year and 9 or 10 months old. Therefore, $r_1,\;and\;r_2$ radius were regarded as an annual ring. Growth in the culture populations was much better than that In either the released or the wild populations. However, when the cultured populations composed of 8 to 12 mm in test diameter was released to the shove near a culture farm, its growth appeared to be similar to that of the wild Populations. The wide distribution patterns of test diameter measured from the same year class of both the cultured and the wild populations were probably due to either long spawning period or growth differences between individuals. Except Yamaguchi and Cheju populations, the move closely located populations showed the more similar growth pattern. However, the growth of Cheju population appeared to be similar to that of Aba, Mogi, Toishi rather than Kasiwazima although Cheju Island was more closely located with Kasiwazima than other localities. In addition, the population of Yamaguchi, located at the highest latitute, revealed the similar growth pattern to that of Nomozaki, located at the lowest latitute.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.204-214
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• 2015

SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that contain a zinc-binding RING finger motif, which play a critical role in plant growth and development. Among Brassica rapa SRS genes, BrSRS7 and BrLRP1 genes, isolated from shoot apical regions are important regulators of plant growth and development. In order to explore the function of BrSRS genes in horticultural plant growth and development, two constructs containing BrSRS7 and BrLRP1 under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were introduced into petunia by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The resulting transgenic plants were dwarf and compact plants with reduced plant height and diameter. Additionally, these transgenic plants had upward-curled leaves of narrow width and short internodes. Interestingly, the flower shapes of petunia were different among transgenic plants harboring different kinds of SRS genes. These phenotypes were stably inherited through generations $T_2$ and $T_3$. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of transgenic plants revealed that BrSRS7 and BrLRP1 regulate expression of gibberellin (GA)- and auxinrelated genes, PtAGL15- and PtIAMT1-related, involved in shoot morphogenesis. These results indicate that the overexpression of BrSRS7 and BrLRP1 genes suppressed the growth and development of petunia by regulating expression of GA- and auxin-related genes. From these data, we deduce that BrSRS7 and BrLRP1 genes play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development in petunia. These findings suggest that transformation with the BrSRS genes can be applied to other species as a tool for growth retardation and modification of plant forms.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.34-36
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• 2003

In boreal conifers in China's Northeast area, maximum latewood density (MXD) of tree-ring varies in response to growing season temperature. Forest net productivity can be estimated using the Normalized-difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from satellite sensor data. MXD from the Mohe site in this area was compared with estimates of NPP for 1982-1999 produced by the NDVI model, which was established based on the relationship of leaf area index (LAI) and NDVI. The result shows that the MXD series correlated significantly with the NDVI model estimates series, suggesting that MXD appeared to be an appropriate index for productivity or canopy growth in region where forest productivity is strongly temperature-related.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 2004

We have previously isolated three synthetic lethal mutants from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in order to identify mutations in the genes that are functionally linked to spmex67 with respect to mRNA export. A novel rsm1 gene was isolated by complementation of the growth defect in one of the synthetic lethal mutants, SLMex1. The rsml gene contains no introns and encodes a 296 amino-add-long protein with the RING finger domain, a C3HC4 in the N-terminal half. The Δrsm1 null mutant is viable, but it showed a slight poly(A)$\^$＋/ RNA accumulation in the nucleus. Also, the combination of Δrsm1 and Δspmex67 mutations confers synthetic lethality that is accompanied by the severe poly(A)$\^$＋/ RNA export defect. These results suggest that rsm1 is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.511-513
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• 2003

Hydroxyl groups were introduced onto the surface of a silicon wafer by O$_2$ plasma treatment. Poly(l-lactide) (1-PLA) was attached onto the surface-modified silicon wafer by the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide using the hydroxyl group as an initiator. Lamellar single crystals of 1-PLA were grown directly on the 1-PLA-attached silicon wafer from a 0.025% solution in acetonitrile at 5$^{\circ}C$. A well-separated, lozenge-shaped, monolayered lamellar single crystal was prepared because the 1-PLA-attached silicon wafer acts as an initial nucleus.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2007

In this report, we describe the anatomical features of Gmelina arborea Roxb. belong to the genera of Verbenaceae native to Bangladesh and safranine penetration depth in radial and longitudinal directions. The wood of this species was characterized mostly by distinct growth ring boundaries, diffuse-porous, simple perforations, alternate non-vestured intervessel pits, and relatively short vessel elements and medium fibers. Thin to thick walled septate fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits are confined to the radial walls. Tyloses are common. They are paratracheal axial parenchyma vascicnetric and confluent. Rays not higher than 1milimeter are found, and larger rays commonly 4 to 5 seriate are dominantly present, as are multi seriate rays composed of a procumbent ray with 1 row of square or upright cells. Acicular crystals are present in ray cells. Another experiment was taken under consideration to observe the liquid penetration depth in longitudinal and radial directions using safranine. It was found that safranine penetrated easily in longitudinal direction and sapwood was more permeable than heartwood.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-114
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• 2000

Streptomyces are widespread in nature and play a very important role in the biosynthesis as well as biodegradation of natural and unnatural aromatic compounds. Both qualitatively and quantitatively through TLC and UV spectrophotometric assays, it was observed that the thermophilic soil bacteria S. setonii (ATCC 39116), which can utilize a benzoate as a sole carbon and energy source in a minimal liquid culture, was not very sensitive to the benzoate concentation and to the culture conditions such as the pH and temperature. The in vitro conversion of a catechol to a cis, cis-muconic acid by a crude S. setonii lysate implies that the aromatic ring cleavage by S. setonii is initiated by a thermostable catechol-1,2-dioxygenase, the key enzyme in the ortho-cleavage pathway of aromatic compound biodegradation. Unlike non-degrading S. lividans, S.setonii was also highly resistant to other similar hazardous aromatic compounds, exhibiting almost no adverse effect on its growth in a complex liquid culture.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 1996

Though pheasants (Korean ring-necked pheasant) have been raised for several decades, their behavior and wild nature are far from domestication. The pheasant is a seasonal breeding species and lays a limited number of eggs in a breeding season. The growth rate and feed efficiency of pheasants are very low as compaired with those of chicken for meat purpose. In addition, the breeder's access to one's herd for care is not easy. From these reasons, pheasants seem to be unsuitable for meat production in a large flock at present. However, pheasant raising is expected to increase slowly in accordance with rising demand for special poultry meat. Therefore, it is necessary to improve techniques about raising, feeding and rnanagement, so that the consumer price of pheasant meat can be lowered down reasonably.